ØDomain-Kingdom-Phylum-Class-Order-Family-Genus-Species.
Ø Dominance theory was proposed by? Davenport in 1908.
Ø Dominance variance which results due intra allelic interaction which deviates additivity.
Ø Dominant genes for male sterility are observed in? Safflower.
Ø Dosage compensation was given by Muller.
Ø Double cross hybrids of maize are developed by? CGMS line.
Ø Double cross was suggested by Jones.
Ø Doubled haploid (DH) is a genotype formed when haploid cells undergo chromosome doubling.
Ø Drosophila of plant kingdom is? Arabidopsis.
Ø Dry lab is a laboratory where computational or applied mathematical analyses are done on a computer-generated model to simulate a phenomenon in the physical realm whether it be a molecule changing quantum states, the event horizon of a black hole or anything that otherwise might be too cumbersome or arduous to observe under normal laboratory conditions.
Ø Effect of one gene on expression of other gene is? Epistasis.
Ø Effect of pollen grain on maternal tissue is Metaxenia.
Ø Effect of pollen grain on seed coat, chalaza is called xenia.
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Ø Fruit type of mustard is Siliqua.
Ø Fruit type of Ragi is — Utricle.
Ø Function of plasma membrane is to regulate movement of various molecules into and out of cytoplasm.
Ø Function of telomere is to Stop chromosome degradation.
Ø Function of vacuole is storage of various substances including waste products and contributing to the osmotic properties of the cell.
Ø Frequency of plant heterozygous for different no of genes in a segregating generation is obtained by formula [1+ (2m-1)]n.
Ø Full diallel formula n(n-1).
Ø Functional gametes are formed only due to? Alternate segregation.
Ø Functional genomics involves identification of function of a gene.
Ø Functional markers (FMs) are functionally linked with phenotypic traits compared to random DNA markers (RDMs) and genic molecular markers (GMMs). FMs in genic regions are optimally directly linked with a phenotypic trait, i.e., one that functionally characterizes the observed phenotypic variation. FMs are also known as precision markers or diagnostic markers. FMs enable efficient and quick characterization and screening of germplasm for allelic diversity with accuracy since they are not subjected to recombination. Once genetic effects have been assigned to functional sequence motifs, FMs can be used for fixation of beneficial alleles in the breeding population. As the polymorphism occurs within the target gene and fixes the favourable allele in the breeding population, the utility of FMs can also be made in selection of complex traits.
Ø GADA test (glutamic acid decarboxylase) is for viability test.
Ø Gametophytic self incompatablity was first observed in Nicotiana sandrea.
Ø Gametophytic system is when self incompatabilty is controlled by genetic constitution of gametes. (S1s2 xs1s2) is incompatabile, s1s2xs1s3 is half copatabile, s1s2 xs3s4 is fully compatible.
Ø Gamma mt DNA repair.
Ø Gamma ray dose is expressed as? Gray.
Ø GATT agreement came into force in? 1948.
Ø GATT means (Now WTO)? General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.
Ø Gene Bank of wheat is situated at? Karnal (HR).
Ø Gene derived from reverse transcription of mRNA and integrated into the genome is called as processed pseudogene.
Ø Gene expressed during early embryonic stage for alpha chain of haemoglobin is zeta.
Ø Gene families are originated by duplications followed by? Mutations
Ø Gene flow is the transfer of alleles of genes from one population to another.
Ø Gene for gene hypothesis was given by? Flor
Ø Gene for Vitamin A in maize kernal is crtRB1
Ø Gene isolation is a process of separation of gene of interest from extracted DNA using restriction enzymes.
Ø Gene placed on both physical and genetic map is? Anchor gene.
Ø Gene pool concept was given by? Harlan and Dewet.
Ø Gene silencing is the regulation of gene expression in a cell to prevent the expression of a certain gene. Gene silencing can occur during either transcription or translation and is often used in research. In particular, methods used to silence genes are being increasingly used to produce therapeutics to combat cancer and other diseases, such as infectious diseases and neurodegenerative disorders.
Ø Gene tagging without mapping is through bulk segregant analysis
Ø General breeding methods are plant introduction, Pureline selection, mass and progeny selection, clonal selection, pedigree method, bulk breeding method, Backcross method, Recurrent selection, heterosis breeding synthetic and composite varieties.
Ø Genes have common activity bit not common origin is analogous.
Ø Genes subject to dosage compensation are concerned with? Embryo development.
Ø Genetic assortative mating is the mating between genetically similar or closely related individuals.
Ø Genetic balance theory of sex determination was proposed by L B bridges.
Ø Genetic disassortative mating is the mating between genetically less closely related individuals.
Ø Genetic erosion is the loss of genetic diversity between and within population of a species over a period of time.
Ø Genetic homeostasis is property of population of genotypes to resist sudden change.
Ø Genetic male sterility found in Which crop? Pigeon pea
Ø Genetic markers should always be repeating DNA sequences.
Ø Genetic pollution is defined as uncontrolled spread of genetic information into genome of organisms in which such genes are not present in future.
Ø Genetic purity of seed lot is found by grow out test.
Ø Genetic transformation in animal cells is? Transfection.
Ø Genetic variability is created by sexual hybridization, mutagenesis, polyploidy, somaclonal variation, somatic hybridization and genetic engineering.
Ø Genetic variability is prerequisite for crop improvement.
Ø Genetics of disease resistance is given by? Biffen.
Ø Genic balance system of sex determination was proposed by? Bridges in 1922.
Ø Genome of D wheat is Triticum taushchi.
Ø Genome sizes of maize is 2365MB.
Ø Genomic Selection (GS) predicts the breeding values of an offspring in a population by associating their traits (i.e. resistance to pests) with their high-density genetic marker scores. GS is a method proposed to address deficiencies of marker-assisted selection (MAS) in breeding programs. However, GS is a form of MAS that differs from it by estimating, at the same time, all genetic markers, haplotypes or marker effects along the entire genome to calculate the values of genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV). The potentiality of GS is to explain the genetic diversity of a breeding program through a high coverage of genome-wide markers and to assess the effects of those markers to predict breeding values. Genomic selection is a form of marker-assisted selection in which genetic markers covering the whole genome are used so that all quantitative trait loci (QTL) are in linkage disequilibrium with at least one marker.
Ø Gametic chromosome number n.
Ø Gene action in man was first studied by Garrod.
Ø Gene interaction is the change in expression of one gene depending on the presence or absence of another gene.
Ø Gene pool concept was proposed by Harlan and De Wet in 1971.
Ø Genes having individually small but cumulative effect on a character, they govern quantitative character is known as Polygenes.
Ø Genetic variance divided into additive, dominance and epistatic components by R A fisher.
Ø Genetics is the study of Structure, Behaviour, composition, function of genes.
Ø Genic balance theory of sex determination was proposed by Bridges.
Ø Genotype and phenotype term were given by Johannsen.
Ø Germ plasm theory was put forward by Weismann.
Ø Germplasm is stored as seeds of various genotypes which are known as — Seed bank.
Ø Gingelly is also called as — Sesame or Til.
Ø GMS: Genetic Male Sterility.
Ø Gordon and ruddle coined the term transgenic in 1981.
Ø Growing of special crops for adding organic matter and Nitrogen to the soil and ploughing them in situ is called —Green manuring.
Ø Genotype that carries Sickle cell anemia is HbA/ HbS.
Ø Geographical indication may represent a region, a country or a specific place
Ø Germplasm refers to total variability present in plant species.
Ø GI tag is available for 10 years.
Ø GI tag registry is located at Chennai.
Ø Gibberellin is a plant hormone used to promote stem elongation & seed Germination
Ø Glycolysis is a part of both aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Ø Glycoxysomes is the site of glyoxylate metabolism.
Ø GMO means? Genetically Modified Organism.
Ø Golden fibre revolution - Jute production.
Ø Golden rice was developed by? Ingo protrykus and Peter bayer.
Ø Gradual loss of variability from cultivated species or wild forms is called as? Genetic erosion.
Ø Gramene database is for poacea or cereal crops.
Ø Green revolution- overall crop production.
Ø Grey revolution – fertilizer.
Ø Grodex test is a seed germinator test. Its brand name is triphenyl tetrazolium chloride.
Ø How many daughter cells are formed in one cycle of meiosis? Four
Ø How many daughter cells are formed in one cycle of mitosis? Two
Ø How many kind of cells are found in living world? 2 (Eukaryote and Prokaryote)
Ø Hybridization is common in crop? Cotton.
Ø Hybrids are Heterozygous and homogenous.
Ø Hybrids from cross between two or more inbreds or purelines are called as? Conventional hybrids.
Ø HYVP was state in? 1966.
Ø IAA precursor – Tryptophan.
Ø ICPH8 first released GMS based pigeon pea hybrid in India.
Ø ICRISAT mandate crops are finger millet, pearl millet, groundnut, sorghum, Pigeon pea, Chickpea.
Ø Idea for recurrent selection was given by Hayes and Garber.
Ø Ideotype concept was developed by? Donald (1968).
Ø If embryos develop from vegetative cells of ovule like nucellus, integument, chalaza without production of embryo sac it is called as? Adventives embryony.
Ø If F1 heterosis is good and if they don’t carry floral traits to encourage outcrossing rate then it leads to miserable failure.
Ø If heritability is high selection for the trait will be effective.
Ø If marker is linked to desired trait then foreground Selection.
Ø If marker is not linked to desired trait background selection.
Ø In a seed the food storage tissue is known as? Endosperm/Cotyledon/ Perisperm.
Ø In autotriploid number of linkage groups is n.
Ø In BCF1 number of desirable populations is 50%.
Ø In botany, certation is competition in the style between pollen tubes attempting to fertilise the ovules there. If different pollen genotypes have different success rates then the genotype frequencies of the fertilised seeds will deviate from that which would occur if all pollen was equally successful. This process has been proposed to explain female-biased sex ratios in some dioecious plants, if female-determining pollen (which causes seeds to be female) is more successful than male-determining pollen (which causes seeds to be male) though other mechanisms whereby the sex ratio may be skewed away from 50:50 are also known.
Ø In case of bulk method of breeding usually artificial selection is not done during the period of bulking.
Ø In case of pedigree method usually the objective is to obtain transgressive segregates.
Ø In cross pollinated species Directional selection leads to? Heterozygous Balance.
Ø In cross pollinated species we have to develop inbred lines which require some time whereas self pollinated species don’t need time for development of inbred lines.
Ø In DNA double helix G/A is equal to C/T.
Ø In field crops a variety can be protected for 15 years and trees and vines for 18 years.
Ø In Finley and Wikinson model b=1.
Ø In general selection will be easy in case of monogenic characters.
Ø In Haploid organisms, non-dividing cells are blocked in? G2 phase
Ø In India germplasm collections are maintained by? NBPGR.
Ø In India seed certification is? Voluntary.
Ø In India seed labelling is? Compulsory.
Ø In India the seeds act came into effect in the year? 1969.
Ø In India the seeds act was enacted in the year by the parliament.? 1966.
Ø In maize bajra and jowar tag size is 6cmx3cm.
Ø In mass spectrometry, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is an ionization technique that uses a laser energy absorbing matrix to create ions from large molecules with minimal fragmentation. It has been applied to the analysis of biomolecules (biopolymers such as DNA, proteins, peptides and carbohydrates) and various organic molecules (such as polymers, dendrimers and other macromolecules), which tend to be fragile and fragment when ionized by more conventional ionization methods. It is similar in character to electrospray ionization (ESI) in that both techniques are relatively soft (low fragmentation) ways of obtaining ions of large molecules in the gas phase, though MALDI typically produces far fewer multi-charged ions. MALDI methodology is a three-step process. First, the sample is mixed with a suitable matrix material and applied to a metal plate. Second, a pulsed laser irradiates the sample, triggering ablation and desorption of the sample and matrix material. Finally, the analyte molecules are ionized by being protonated or deprotonated in the hot plume of ablated gases, and then they can be accelerated into whichever mass spectrometer is used to analyse them.
Ø In mitosis DNA synthesis take place in S phase.
Ø If genes at two loci are on separate chromosomes, then they segregate independently. These loci are said to be — Unlinked.
