Ø Mass selection is always based on? Phenotype.
Ø Mass selection is the oldest method of crop improvement.
Ø Mass selection is used for nucleus seed production of pureline varities of self pollinated crop.
Ø Massive parallel signature sequencing (MPSS) is one of the methods that has been developed to sequence mRNA transcripts and quantify gene expression based on individual mRNA levels in the cell.
Ø Mating between phenotypically dissimilar individuals is known as phenotypic disassortative mating.
Ø Molecular Pharming refers to the large-scale production and purification of pharmaceutical proteins in plants or plant-based expression systems. Plant molecular farming (PMF) is a new branch of plant biotechnology where plants are engineered to produce recombinant pharmaceutical and industrial proteins in large quantities.
Ø Mating between phenotypically similar individuals is known as phenotypic assortative mating.
Ø Mating system decide the type of breeding method to be used.
Ø Mating system refers to method by which individuals are paired for crossed.
Ø Mclintock got Nobel prize in medicine for jumping genes.
Ø Mechanisms of insect resistance are given by? Painter.
Ø Mendal was born on? July 22, 1822.
Ø Mendal works on the 7 contrasting characters of crop? Garden pea.
Ø Mendel began his famous experiments on Pea in? 1857.
Ø Mendel did not face the problem of linkage however seven characters studied by him were located on four chromosomes.
Ø Mendelian population is also known as? Random mating population.
Ø Mendel’s results were rediscovered by Hugo de Vries, Carl Correns and T schermark.
Ø Meristem culture is a method of? Tissue culture.
Ø Main function of cell is definite shape; mechanical support and strength to tissues and organs.
Ø Male and female sexual organs mature at the same time are known as — Homogamy.
Ø Male and female sexual organs present in the same flower are known as — Bisexual.
Ø Male sterility line is also known as — A line.
Ø Map unit is also known as – Morgan unit (1 centimorgan = 0.1 map unit).
Ø Master control of cellular functions via its genetic material (DNA) is Nucleus
Ø Mather gave polygenes.
Ø Megaspores can produce Pistil (megasporogenesis).
Ø Meiosis I result in reduction in chromosome number in each new cell to half of the mother cell, referred to as—Reductional division.
Ø Membrane enclosing cytoplasm of cell is known as plasma lemma or plasma membrane.
Ø Mendel failed to confirm his findings in Hawkweed (Hieraricum).
Ø Microspores can produce Anther (microsporogenesis).
Ø Modification of the bulk method is Single seed descent method.
Ø Modified ear to row method was proposed by — Lonquist.
Ø Monohybrid genotypic ratio is 1:2:1.
Ø Monohybrid phenotypic ratio is 3:1.
Ø Most cultivated species of wheat are – Hexaploid.
Ø Muller is related to proposition of dosage compensation.
Ø Mutations may be artificially induced by a treatment with certain physical or chemical agents such mutations are known as - Induced mutations.
Ø Mutations occur in natural population at a low rate are known as Spontaneous mutations.
Ø Mutations produced by changes in the base sequences of genes are known as Gene or Point mutations.
Ø Meristem culture technique was developed by? George Morel.
Ø Metabolomics is the study of metabolites of an organism.
Ø Metals used in particle bombardment method are? Gold, Tungsten.
Ø Method developed by muller for detecting x linked mutations in drosophila are CIB method.
Ø Method for transforming in-vitro soybean growing points with gene gun patented by shanghai university.
Ø Metro glyph analysis is based on the mean.
Ø Metro glyph analysis is given by Anderson.
Ø Microcentres were discovered by Harlan.
Ø Micropropagation is associated with tissue culture.
Ø Migration is comparable to which system of mating? Genotypic disassortative mating.
Ø Minimum inspection for maize bajra and jowar is 4.
Ø Minimum number of interactions of hypothesis karyotype evolution tends towards as increasing number of Telocentric chromosomes.
Ø Missing data is calculated using missing plot technique.
Ø Mitochondria has ribosomes of 70s.
Ø Mitochondria was discovered by? C.Benda
Ø Mitosis term was 1st given by? Walter Flemming (1882)
Ø Mixture of pure lines with a difference in single R genes is called as? Multilines.
Ø Mlks is multiline kalyana sona.
Ø Modern tea roses were evolved as a result of floribunda and tea crosses
Ø Moisture Meter is the instrument used to measure moisture percentage of seeds moisture?
Ø Monocarpic plants are those that flower and set seeds only once, and then die.
Ø Monogenic sex determination is found in? Asparagus, Papaya, maize, spinach etc.
Ø Monogenic traits show discontinuous type of variation.
Ø More than 2 variance - chi square test.
Ø More than 30 = z test.
Ø Most commonly used method for selection from segregation generations of crosses in self pollinated crops? Pedigree method.
Ø Most commonly used potential chemical mutagen used for induction of male sterility? Ethidium bromide.
Ø Most critical stage for irrigation in potato is stolon formation stage.
Ø Most extensively used plant breeding system in hybrid development is male sterility.
Ø Most mutation tolerant are? Polyploids.
Ø Most of the genes are transcribed into mRNAs rather than tRNA and rRNA.
Ø Most of the genes controlling biotic and abiotic stress are controlled by polygenic genes.
Ø Most used in laboratory experiments – CRD.
Ø m-RNA is primarily used for? Transcription of DNA.
Ø Multiple effects of single gene is known as pleiotropy.
Ø Murashige & Skoog medium is the most commonly used medium in plant tissue culture experiments.
Ø Mutant allele that functions more effectively than a normal allele is? Hypermorph.
Ø Mutant gene responsible for high lysine content in maize is? Opaque 2.
Ø Name the prokaryotic organism which does not contain mitochondria? Bacteria.
Ø National Seeds Corporation (NSC) functions as producer of—class of? Seeds Foundation.
Ø Natural allotetraploid is potato.
Ø NBPGR (National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources), is located at — New Delhi.
Ø Nilsson Ehle gave inheritance of kernal colour in wheat.
Ø Non-allelic interaction with modification in Mendelian ratio Dominant epistasis —12:3:1, Recessive epistasis-9:3:4, Duplicate and additive epistasis-9:6:1, Duplicate dominant epistasis-15:1, Duplicate recessive epistasis 9:7, Dominant and recessive epistatis 13:3.
Ø Nucleolus staining is visualised by Silver Nitrate.
Ø Natural genetic engineer is? Agrobacterium.
Ø Natural populations of self pollinated species are ordinarily homozygous and heterogenous.
Ø Natural selection has more role in which breeding method? Bulk breeding method.
Ø Naturally occurring Auxin is? IAA.
Ø Nawaschin discovered double fertilization.
Ø NBPGR (National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources) is located in? New Delhi (1976).
Ø NBPGR sub-station representing arid climate is located at? Jodhpur.
Ø NBPGR sub-station representing mixed climate is located at? Akola.
Ø NBPGR sub-station representing temperate climate is located at? Shimla.
Ø NBPGR sub-station representing tropical climate is located at? Kanya Kumari.
Ø NBPGR was established in 1976.
Ø NCBI is expanded as National centre for biotechnological information.
Ø NCD1 estimate additive and dominance effect.
Ø Negative interference is observed in? Viruses.
Ø NILS are developed through Backcross method.
Ø NILS are very much useful in functional genomics studies.
Ø Nilsson Ehle provided the genetic basis for transgressive segregation in wheat and oats.
Ø Nobilized canes represent both interspecific and introgressive hybridization.
Ø Non additive gene action is associated with heterozygosity and is more in cross pollinated species.
Ø Non phoshorylation is related to PSI and PSII.
Ø Non-edible oil yielding crop is? Castor
Ø Norin 10 in wheat and Dee ge woogen in rice are important sources of dwarfing genes.
Ø Nucleosome solenoid model was given by? Arthur Korenberg and Thomas
Ø Nucleus is absent in? Companion cells of phloem, RBC’s.
Ø Nucleus was discovered by? Robert Brown (1983).
Ø Number of chromosomes in wheat endosperm is 63.
Ø Objectionable weed for mustard seed is Argemone mexicana.
Ø Objectives of plant breeding: Higher yield, improved quality, biotic resistance, abiotic resistance, earliness, photo and thermo insensitivity, synchronous maturity, desirable agronomic traits, removal of toxic compounds, wider adaptability.
Ø Obligate apomixis is the reproduction takes place by apomictic means.
Ø Obsolete cultivars is improved cultivars of recent past.
Ø Occurrence of one crossing over in region suppresses occurrence of another crossing over in its vicinity is? Interference.
Ø Octaploid triticale is a cross between hexaploid wheat x tetraplod wheat.
Ø Often Cross pollination crops are? Safflower, Arhar, Cotton and Sorghum
Ø Oldest method of selection is? Mass selection.
Ø One allele modifies other alleles on same nucleus in such a way that function of other allele remains modified for few generations is called as? Paramutation.
Ø One gene one enzymes hypothesis was proposed by? Beadle and Tatum in 1941.
Ø One gene one polypeptide hypothesis is by In-gram.
