Ø Oil content of Sunflower- 40-50%
Ø How much content of poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) are there in the sunflower oil-90%
Ø Scientific name of safflower is Carthamus tinctorius.
Ø Banarasi rai is variety of Black or true mustard
Ø The fibers are separated by stem through the process called as Retting
Ø Old world cotton is also called as Desi cotton or diploid cotton
Ø Example of diploid cotton G. herbaceum (Uppam cotton) G. arboreum (Karunkanni cotton)
Ø American cotton is also called as New world cotton or Tetraploid cotton Examples of Tetraploid cotton G. hirsutum (Upland cotton) G. barbadense (Sea lsland cotton
Ø In cotton longer out growth fiber is called as - Lint
Ø In cotton short out growth fiber is called as - Fuzz
Ø Cotton species having only lint G. barbadense.
Ø The process of removal of lint from epidermal layer of the cotton seed is called as Ginning.
Ø The ratio between lint and seed in cotton seed is called as -Ginning percentage.
Ø Which type of pigment present is in cotton seed-Gossypol
Ø Oil content of cotton seed is 20%.
Ø Family of jute is Tiliaceae.
Ø Commercial jute fiber is obtained from- 1. Corchorus capsularis (white or bitter jute), C. olitorius (Tossa jute).
Ø The ideal phase of harvest of fiber from the just is Plants are in small pods.
Ø Silk cotton is obtained from Inner wall of the fruit.
Ø Cultivated species of sugarcane Noble cane (2n-80): Saccharum officinarum. Indian cane (2n-82-124) S. barberi Chinese cane (2n-118): S. sinense
Ø Wild species of sugarcane Wild cane (2n-40-128): S. spontaneum Wild cane (2n-60-194): S. Robustum
Ø Inflorescence in sugarcane called as Arrow.
Ø The Plants which are, cultivated as forages crops and they are cut and fed to animals in stalls are known as - Fodders
Ø The grasses and legumes are grown in pasture lands where the animals are led to graze are known as Pastures.
Ø Scientific name of napier grass Pennisetum purpureum
Ø Scientific name of guinea grass Panicum maximum
Ø Scientific name of Buffel grass Cenchrus ciliaris
Ø Scientific name of johnson grass S. halapense
Ø The Queen of fodder is Lucerne (or) Alfalfa
Ø Basmati rice is having aromatic component due to presence of-Pandamarilactione.
Ø Example of mutation variety of rice is - Jagannath, Parbhani, Satari.
Ø Who is father of hybrid rice Yuan Long Ping.
Ø CGMS: Cytoplasmic Genetic Male Sterile
Ø CMS: Cytoplasmic Male Sterile
Ø GMS: Genetic Male Sterility
Ø EGMS: Environmentally Induced Genetic Male Sterility
Ø PGMS: Photosensitive Genetic Male Sterility
Ø TGMS: Thermosensitive Genetic Male Sterility
Ø Semi dwarf varieties of wheat are 64, Mayo 64 and Lerma Roja 64.
Ø Ear to Row Selection was first proposed by Hopkins 341. Modified ear to row method was proposed by Lonquist.
Ø Example of Single cross hybrid varieties in maize - COH 1, COH 2.
Ø Example of tree way cross hybrids varieties in maize-Ganga 5.
Ø Example of double cross hybrid varieties in maize-COH3.
Ø Example of double top cross hybrid varieties in maize- Ganga safed 2. Hi starch, Ganga 4.
Ø Example of short duration (<70 Days) variety in sorghum C022.
Ø Which one is red grain variety of sorghum Paiyur 2.
Ø Sorghum is an Often cross pollinated crop.
Ø BN1 (Cumbu napier hybrid) is a cross between-P. glaucum X P. purpureum
Ø Tift 23 is Highly susceptible to downy mildew.
Ø Example of minor millet Fox tail millet: Setaria italica Kodo millet: Paspalum scrobiculatum Barn yard millet: Echinocola colona Proso millet: Panicum miliaceum
Ø Example of short duration variety in red gram-Prabhat, ICPH 8
Ø Origin of groundnut is - Brazil
Ø Which is first hybrid of sunflower in India BSH 1.
Ø The ability of a plant to complete its life cycle before serious soil and plant water deficit occurs is referred to Drought escape.
Ø First artificial hybrid was developed by-Thomas Fairchild.
Ø Who developed individual plant selection method - Nilson- Ehle.
Ø Who proposed the pureline theory Johannsen
Ø PIRRCOM means: Project of Intensification of Regional Research on Cotton, Oilseeds and Millets.
Ø The All India Coordinated Maize Improvement Project was started in 1957.
Ø Who proposed centres of origin N.I. Vavilov(1926).
Ø Crop plants evolved from wild species in the areas showing great diversity are known as Primary centres of origin.
Ø In some areas, crop species show considerable diversity of forms although they did not originate there, such areas are known as Secondary centres of origin
Ø Who gave this statement 'Law of Homologous Series in Variation N.I. Vavilov.
Ø Eight main centres of origin were originally proposed by N.I. Vavilov.
Ø Within the large centres of diversity, small areas may exhibit a much greater diversity than the centre as a whole, these areas are known as Microcentres.
Ø Primitive cultivars selected and cultivated by farmers for many generations are known as Landrace.
Ø The conservation of germplasm under natural conditions is referred to as In situ conservation.
Ø The preservation of germplasm in gene banks are known as Ex situ conservation.
Ø Germplasm is stored as seeds of various genotypes which are known as Seed bank.
Ø Seeds which show very drastic loss in viability with a decrease in moisture content below 12 to 13% are known as Recalcitrant seeds.
Ø Example of Orthodox seeds corn, wheat, rice, carrot, papaya, pepper, chickpea, cotton, sunflower
Ø Example of Recalcitrant seeds citrus, cocoa, coffee, rubber, oil palm, mango, jack fruit
Ø IPGRI (International Plant Genetic Resources Institute) is located at Rome
Ø NBPGR (National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources), is located at New Delhi.
Ø Directorate of Plant Protection Quarantine and Storage is located at Faridabad.
Ø An organisms does not involve fusion et male and female gametes. New plants may develop either from vegetative parts of the plant (vegetative reproduction) or they may arise from embryos that develop without fertilization are known as Asexual reproduction.
Ø The seeds are formed but the embryos develop without fertilization is called as Apomixis
Ø An organism reproduction involves fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote, which develops into an embryo are known as Sexual reproduction
Ø The progeny test was developed by Louis de Vilmorin
Ø In the plants, male and female gametes are produced in specialized structures known as Flowers
Ø In the plants, meiotic division of specific cells take place in-Stamen and Pistil
Ø Productions of microspores and megaspores are known as Sporogenesis.
Ø Microspores can produce- Anther (microsporogenesis).
Ø The production of male and female gametes in the microspores and the megaspores respectively, is known as-Gametogenesis.
Ø When the pollen fall onto the stigma of a flower, it is known as-Pollination.
Ø The Pollen, along with the pollen tube, is known as- Microgametophyte.
Ø The development of embryo sac from a megaspore is known as Mega gametogenesis
Ø The fusion of one of the two sperms with the egg cell producing a diploid zygote is known as Fertilization.
Ø Pollen from an anther may fall on to the stigma of the same flower is called as Self- pollination or Autogamy.
Ø When pollen grains from flowers of one plant are transmitted to the stigmas of flowers of another plant, it is known as - Cross pollination or Allogamy
Ø When pollen from a flower of one plant falls on the stigmas of other flowers of the same plant, it is known as Geitonogamy.
Ø In some species the flowers open but only after pollination has taken place in the situation called as Chasmogamy.
Ø Example of Monoecy plants-Castor, Mango, Banana, Maize.
Ø Example of Dioecy plants Papaya, date palm.
Ø In some crop species pistils mature before stamens is called as Protogyny.
Ø In some crop species stamens mature before pistils is called as-Protandry.
Ø Which plant exhibits both monoecy and protandry Maize.
Ø The failure of pollen to fertilize the same flower or other flowers on the same plant are known as Self incompatibility
Ø The absence of functional pollen grains in otherwise hermaphrodite flowers is called as male sterility
Ø The process that leads to the adaptation of a variety, line or population to a new environment is known as- Acclimatization
Ø The mating between genetically similar or closely related individuals are known as Inbreeding
Ø The mating between genetically dissimilar individuals or between less closely related individuals is referred to as - Outbreeding
Ø Genetic male sterility is caused by Nuclear genes
Ø Cytoplasmic male sterility is caused by- Cytoplasmic genes
Ø How to maintain the male sterility line Cross between (A line x B line)
Ø Male sterility line is also known as A line
Ø The chemicals used for chemically induced male sterility are called Male Gametocides.
Ø The ratio of genetic variance to the total variance is known as Heritability
Ø When the introduced variety is well adapted to the new environment, it is released for commercial cultivation without any alteration in the original genotype is called as - Primary introduction
Ø Example of Primary introduction varieties Sonora 64, Lerma Rojo, IR8, IR28 and IR 36
Ø The introduced variety may be subjected to selection to isolate a superior variety Alternatively, it may be hybridized with local varieties to transfer one or few characters from this variety to the local ones is called as Secondary introduction
Ø Evaluation of the worth of plants on the basis of performance of their progenies is known as Progeny test
Ø Progeny test is also called as Vilmorin Principle
Ø The sudden heritable change is known as Mutation
Ø The mating or crossing of two plants or lines of dissimilar genotype is known as Hybridization
Ø The seeds as well as the progeny resulting from the hybridization are known as Hybrid
Ø The removal of stamens or anthers or the killing of pollen grains of a flower without affecting in any way the female reproductive organs is known as Emasculation
Ø When two species of the same genus are crossed, it is known as Interspecific hybridization
Ø When the species belong to two different genera, it is called as Intergeneric hybridization
Ø The parents involved in hybridization belong to the same species are known as Intra-specific hybridization
Ø The term self-incompatibility was coined by - Stout
Ø Modification of the bulk method is - Single seed descent method
Ø A cross between a hybrid and one of its parents is known as Backcross
Ø The recipient parent repeatedly used in the backcross programme is known as Recurrent parent
Ø The donor parent used only once in the backcross programme is known as Non-recurrent parent
Ø The ear-to-row method was developed by Hopkins (1908).
Ø Recurrent selection for specific combining ability (RSSCA) was first proposed by Hull (1945).
Ø Reciprocal recurrent selection was proposed by- Comstock, Robinson and Harvey (1949).
Ø When an inbred is crossed with an open-pollinated variety it is known as Top cross.
Ø When cross is made with an inbred hybrid, synthetic or open-pollinated variety the common parent used in the test- cross is known as Tester
Ø The group of plants produced from a single plant through asexual reproduction is called as - Clone
Ø Mutations produced by changes in the base sequences of genes are known as Gene or Point mutations
Ø Some mutations changes in chromosome structure, or even in chromosome number are known as mutations.
Ø The agents that cause the mutation are termed as Mutagens.
