•   Sex chromosomes in grasshoppers, genetic balance theory drosophila, sex reversal in chickens, Barr body in cats.

Ø  Sex chromosomes were first discovered by – Mc Lung in 1902, in grass hoppers.

Ø  Sex linked gene passes from male to female then back to male; such an inheritance pattern is known as – Criss cross inheritance

Ø  Sex reversal term discovered by Crew.

Ø  Silk cotton is obtained from — Inner wall of the fruit.

Ø  Single gene controlling more than one character is called as Pleiotropy.

Ø  Sister chromatids derived from same chromosome while Non-sister chromatids are from—Homologous chromosome.

Ø  Somatic chromosome number 2n.

Ø  Some heavily stained, bead like projections are seen along the entire length of the chromosome called Chromomeres.

Ø  Some mutations changes in chromosome structure, or even in chromosome number are known as - Chromosomal mutations.

Ø  Sorghum is an often-cross pollinated crop.

Ø  Species of wheat having Grains containing high glutien - T. durum

Ø  Split gene in ovalbumin of chicken.

Ø  Stages of Self incompatibility, Failure to germinate at stigmatic surface, Failure to penetrate stigma, Slow growth of Pollen tube, Embryo degenrates.

Ø  Stamens and pistils of hermaphrodite flowers may mature at different times called as Dichogamy.

Ø  Stamens are usually three in the cereals crops except — Rice (6).

Ø  Staminate and pistillate flowers occur in the same plant known as Monoecy.

Ø  Stop codons—UAA, UAG, UGA.

Ø  Study of Fruits is known as — Pomology.

Ø  Study of Vegetables is known as Olericulture.

Ø  Sunflower are major source of Semi drying oils.

Ø  Synthesis of DNA is completed in Meiosis Zygotene.

Ø  Synthesis of protein (polypeptide chain) from m RNA molecule are referred to as – Translation.

Ø  Sporophytic system is when self incompatibility is governed by the genotype of pollen producing plant.

Ø  Square root of variance is standard deviation.

Ø  SSB protein is the protein involved in the keeping the DNA single stranded.

Ø  SSD method is most suitable if the character is less heritable.

Ø  SSD was given by Goulden.

Ø  SSR can be used for hybridity test.

Ø  SSR is a codominant marker.

Ø  Stamens in flower are described by Grew.

Ø  Standard gel electrophoresis of DNA separates DNA fragments based on size differences.

Ø  Storage protein in maize is? Zein.

Ø  Strategic use of major genes by deploying them over space and time to avoid phenomenon of boom and bust is referred as? Gene deployment.

Ø  Stratification is the process of subjecting seeds to both cold and moist conditions to promote germination.

Ø  Stress breeding deals with development of crop plants resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses which is also called as resistance breeding.

Ø  Stress harmone is absisic acid.

Ø  Strong gluten strength is required for? Bread making.

Ø  Structural genomics involves mapping and sequencing of genes.

Ø  Substitution of one purine by another pyramidine is called as? Transversion

Ø  Suddenly heritable changes in the characters of organism are called? Mutation.

Ø  Sugarcane hybrids are produced from interspecific hybridization.

Ø  Sugarcane, Cotton and Brassica are? Autopolyploids.

Ø  Sum total of harmful, unfavorable genes constitute the of the species.? Genetic load.

Ø  Sum total of hereditary material i.e. all the allele of various genes in a crop species and its wild relatives is called as? Germplasm.

Ø  Superiority of F1 over any of its parents in any character is called as? Heterosis.

Ø  Superiority of F1 over better parent in any character is called as? Heterobeletosis.

Ø  Superiority of F2 or later generations to the better parent is called as? Transgressive segregation.

Ø  Synteny is genetic localization of genetic loci on the same chromosome within individual of species.

Ø  Synthetic genomics is a nascent (emerging) field of synthetic biology that uses aspects of genetic modification on pre-existing life forms, or artificial gene synthesis to create new DNA or entire lifeforms.

Ø  Synthetic varieties are maintained by? Open Pollination.

Ø   Systematic hybridization on scientific basis began with the work of koelrueter -Nicotiana 

Ø  T test is used when sample size is small.

Ø  Taq polymerase was isolated from bacteria.

Ø  Techniques used to promote homologous pairing & translocations is? Chromosome manipulation techniques.

Ø  Telomeric DNA is example of mini satellite.

Ø  Tendency to eliminate undesirable genotypes from the population is called as? Selection pressure.


Ø  The maximum variation will be released in F2 generation in a cross provided repulsion phase linkage is not important.

Ø  Truthfully labelled seeds are coloured opal green.

Ø  The minimum germination percentage prescribed as for cucumber seed is? 60%.

Ø  The modified flowers that develop into plants directly without seed formation is? Bulbils.

Ø  The most abundant form of RNA is? r-RNA (80%).

Ø  The newer method for crop improvement is? Mutagenesis.

Ø  The newly proposed seed act of India was introduced in? 2004.

Ø   The number of bases in single turn of DNA helix is 10.

Ø  The phenomenon where seed like structures develop without fertilization is called as? Apomixis.

Ø  The places with varied climate conditions which leads to different variations among the crop species are called as? Centers of Diversity.

Ø  The plant cell is a type of cell? Eukaryote.

Ø  The portion of the plant embryo giving rise to the first true leaves is known as? Plumule.

Ø  The primary accepter of electron in PS-II is? Pheophytin.

Ø  The primitive cultivars which are selected and cultivated by farmers for many generations is landraces.

Ø  The process of Development fruit without fertilization is called? Parthenocarpy.

Ø  The process of differentiation of shoot & root from the somatic embryos is called? Organogenesis.

Ø  The process of DNA synthesis from RNA is called Reverse transcription.

Ø  The process of using information (genetic material) from DNA to construct m-RNA? Transcription.

Ø  The progeny obtained from a cross between two facultative apomicts is? Vybrid.

Ø  The project on Indian mustard oil with higher B-carotene is initiated by? Tata Energy Research Institute (TERI).

Ø  The propotion of additive genetic variance is greater in self pollinated crops than in cross pollinated crops.

Ø  The ratio of treatment variance and error variance is known as f value.

Ø  The regeneration capacity or ability of a plant cell to develop into whole plant is known as? Totipotency.

Ø  The resistance of host to the all race of a pathogen is known as? Horizontal resistance.

Ø  The resistance of host to the particular race of a pathogen is known as? Vertical resistance.

Ø  The seed collections that are meant to use actively in breeding programmes is? Working collections.

Ø  The seeds which are desiccation tolerant and have very long period of storage are called as? Orthodox Seeds.

Ø  The seeds which loss their viability if the moisture reduces less than 12-30% is called as? Recalcitrant seeds.

Ø  The selection that leads to speciation is? Disruptive selection.

Ø  The selection which favours the intermediate phenotype and acts against the extremes is called as? Stabilizing selection.

Ø  The significance of difference among several means is tested with the help of F test.

Ø  The stage of DNA synthesis in mitosis? Interphase.

Ø  The study of interactions between antigens and antibodies is called? Serology.

Ø  The suspension of free cells of callus in a liquid medium is known as? Suspension culture.

Ø  The tag colour or label of a Breeder seed is? Yellow.

Ø  The tag colour or label of a Certified seed is? Azure Blue.

Ø  The tag colour or label of a Registered seed is? Purple.

Ø  The term chromosome was coined by? Waldeyer in 1888.

Ø  The term Endoplasmic reticulum coined by? Porter (1945).

Ø  The term gene, genotype and phenotype were used by? Johennsen in 1903.

Ø  The term genetic resources was coined by? Frankel.