Ø The adoption of marker-assisted selection (MAS) based on QTL mapping results allows breeders to efficiently introgress favorable alleles into breeding populations, reducing the time and resources required for trait improvement compared to conventional breeding methods.
Ø QTL mapping facilitates the identification of epistatic interactions between loci, shedding light on the complex genetic networks underlying trait variation and providing insights into non-additive genetic effects that contribute to phenotypic diversity.
Ø The integration of genomic information derived from QTL mapping with high-throughput phenotyping platforms enables breeders to conduct genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and genomic prediction, enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of selection for complex traits.
Ø QTL mapping provides a roadmap for targeted gene discovery and functional validation, enabling researchers to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying trait variation and develop gene editing or transgenic approaches for trait improvement.
Ø The use of bi-parental mapping populations such as F2 populations, recombinant inbred lines (RILs) and doubled haploid lines (DHs) facilitates the precise localization of QTLs and the construction of high-resolution genetic maps essential for crop improvement efforts.
Ø QTL mapping serves as a valuable tool for exploring genotype-environment interactions (G×E), enabling breeders to identify stable QTLs that confer trait stability across diverse environments and geographical regions.
Ø The application of advanced statistical methodologies, such as mixed models and Bayesian inference enhances the power and accuracy of QTL mapping analyses, enabling the detection of small effect QTLs and complex trait architectures.
Ø QTL mapping facilitates the identification of candidate genes and regulatory elements associated with target traits, enabling researchers to prioritize genes for functional validation and explore their potential for genetic manipulation in crop improvement programs.
Ø The integration of QTL mapping with genomic selection approaches allows breeders to predict breeding values based on genomic information, accelerating the rate of genetic gain and enabling more efficient selection for complex traits in breeding populations.
Ø The type of SNP which is present outside the gene and don’t affect in protein synthesis and function is known as Linked SNP.
Ø A molecular breeding approach which used high density marker over whole genome to estimate GEBV of breeding population for consistent and comprehensive selection to enhance genetic gain is genomic selection.
Ø SSD method is used to develop RIL population.
Ø B+C = Stamens for ABC model of flowering.
Ø Development of embryo directly from vegetative cells of the ovule is known as adventive embryony.
Ø A set of germplasm accession derived from the base collection to represent the genetic diversity in the whole population is core collection.
Ø When as vector is designed in such a way as to enable its propagation into the cells of two different organisms without any further modification is termed as shuttle vector.
Ø Cereals have lysine, tryptophan and threonine.
Ø Pulses have methionine and tryptophan.
Ø Green leafy vegetables have methionine.
Ø Positional cloning refers to mapping a gene to a chromosomal region and then identifying and cloning a genomic copy of gene from the region.
Ø When E.coli is grown in medium having both lactose and glucose then neither CAP nor the lac repressor is bound to DNA.
Ø Loop of lamp brush chromosomes are site of RNA synthesis.
Ø Objectionable weed of wheat is Convovulus arvensis.
Ø The parentage of first released sorghum CSH1 is CK60A X IS 84.
Ø The prescribed qualification of seed inspector is mentioned under the clause 22 part IX.
Ø In VR-WR graph if lines pass below the origin then it is condition of overdominance.
Ø According to Eberhart and Russel model value of the regression co efficient (r) and deviation from the regression line (S2d) to achieve stability is r=1, (s2d) =0.
Ø Eco tilling is a molecular approach having objective to identify the natural genetic variation as opposed to induced mutation.
