🧪 Experimental Design & Analysis
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Randomized Block Design Analysis – Testing fertilizer effects on maize yield.
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Split-Plot Design Analysis – Irrigation method × crop variety.
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Completely Randomized Design (CRD) – Effect of light exposure on germination.
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Latin Square Design – Managing soil variability in rice trials.
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Factorial Experiments – Interaction between pesticide and watering level.
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ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) – Comparing wheat yield across treatments.
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Post Hoc Tests (Tukey HSD) – Finding which fertilizer treatments differ.
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Regression Analysis – Predicting yield from rainfall.
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Linear Mixed Models – Analyzing repeated measures in plant height.
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Power Analysis – Determining sample size for field experiments.
🌿 Crop Science and Plant Breeding
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Yield Analysis – Comparing rice varieties for grain yield.
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Trait Correlation Analysis – Relationship between height and yield.
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PCA on Crop Traits – Dimensionality reduction in maize traits.
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QTL Mapping – Locating yield-related loci in wheat.
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Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) – SNPs linked to drought resistance.
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GGE Biplot Analysis – Genotype × Environment interaction in field trials.
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Stability Analysis – Evaluating variety stability across environments.
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Growth Curve Modeling – Logistic model for crop biomass.
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Crop Stage Phenotyping – Tracking flowering, fruiting, and maturity stages.
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Heatmap of Trait Expression – Expression levels under drought stress.
🧬 Genetics and Genomics
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RNA-seq Data Analysis – Differential gene expression in stressed plants.
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DNA Sequence Visualization – Plotting gene structure.
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SNP Calling and Filtering – VCF data processing for population genetics.
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Gene Ontology (GO) Analysis – Classifying gene functions in legumes.
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KEGG Pathway Mapping – Nitrogen fixation pathways.
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Marker-Trait Association – Association mapping in sugarcane.
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Co-expression Network Analysis – WGCNA on expression data.
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Genomic Selection Models – Predicting yield using genotypes.
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Heritability Estimation – Broad-sense heritability of grain weight.
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Genetic Diversity Analysis – Phylogenetic tree of local cultivars.
🌍 Soil Science
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Soil Nutrient Mapping – Interpolating NPK across farm fields.
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Soil pH Analysis – Comparing treatments across soil types.
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Soil Texture Classification – Analyzing clay, silt, sand proportions.
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Soil Moisture Modeling – Predicting soil moisture with weather data.
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Organic Matter Estimation – Tracking composting effects.
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Geostatistical Analysis – Kriging soil nutrients in orchards.
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Time-Series Soil Data Analysis – Monitoring salinity changes over years.
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Soil Carbon Sequestration Modeling – Estimating carbon in cover crops.
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Soil Respiration Studies – CO₂ emissions from fertilized plots.
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Soil Microbial Diversity Analysis – Using amplicon sequencing data.
🛰️ Remote Sensing and Precision Agriculture
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NDVI Calculation from Drones – Monitoring crop health in real time.
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Satellite Imagery Classification – Land use categorization.
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Time-Series Analysis of MODIS Data – Crop phenology tracking.
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Yield Prediction from Imagery – Using vegetation indices.
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Canopy Cover Estimation – From aerial RGB images.
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Raster Data Analysis – Soil moisture from remote sensors.
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GPS Mapping of Farm Plots – Spatial field layout.
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Image Segmentation for Crop Rows – Detecting plant rows from above.
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UAV-based Disease Detection – Leaf spot identification in wheat.
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VRT (Variable Rate Technology) Mapping – Creating fertilizer application maps.
📈 Agricultural Economics
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Cost-Benefit Analysis – Comparing organic vs. conventional farming.
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Market Price Trend Analysis – Time-series of maize prices.
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Farm Budgeting Models – Planning for cash crops.
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Profitability Index Calculation – Return on investment for wheat.
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Input-Output Modeling – Economic modeling of farm inputs.
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Risk Analysis with Monte Carlo – Weather risk for peanut yield.
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Price Forecasting with ARIMA – Rice price trends in markets.
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Consumer Preference Modeling – Survey analysis for organic products.
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Livelihood Analysis – Income sources of smallholder farmers.
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Subsidy Impact Evaluation – Fertilizer subsidy on yield.
🧠 Machine Learning in Agriculture
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Random Forest for Yield Prediction – Based on soil and weather data.
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SVM for Disease Classification – Leaf blight detection.
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Decision Trees for Crop Recommendations – Based on climate and soil.
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K-Means Clustering of Farms – Grouping by soil properties.
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ANN for Weather-Based Forecasting – Rainfall prediction for planting.
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XGBoost for Yield Estimation – With multiple traits.
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Time-Series Forecasting with LSTM – Temperature trends.
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Outlier Detection in Field Data – Cleaning experimental data.
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Deep Learning on Image Data – Identifying nutrient deficiencies.
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Crop Recommendation System – Based on previous yield and input data.
☁️ Climate and Weather Data Analysis
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Rainfall Trend Analysis – Long-term weather records.
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Drought Index Calculation – SPI or PDSI for agricultural planning.
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Growing Degree Days (GDD) – Crop development modeling.
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Evapotranspiration Estimation – Penman-Monteith method.
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Climate Data Visualization – Monthly mean temperatures.
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Agroclimatic Zoning – Mapping zones based on rainfall.
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Extreme Weather Event Detection – Heatwaves during flowering.
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Weather Forecasting Models – Rainfall prediction for farmers.
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Seasonal Climate Variability Study – Rain-fed agriculture risks.
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Climate Change Impact Modeling – On crop productivity.
🧾 Data Handling, Reporting & Visualization
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ggplot2 for Plotting Field Data – Yield bar plots.
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Plotly for Interactive Dashboards – Fertilizer response curves.
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Shiny Apps for Farmer Portals – Interactive input recommendations.
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RMarkdown for Automated Reports – Summarizing agronomic trials.
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Data Wrangling with dplyr/tidyr – Reshaping trait datasets.
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Data Cleaning Scripts – Removing errors in weather logs.
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Generating Summary Tables – Means, SD, CV for agronomic traits.
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Combining Datasets from Multiple Farms – Merging by GPS or IDs.
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High-Resolution Map Generation – Crop health maps.
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Creating Extension Reports – PDF reports for outreach.
🧫 Post-Harvest and Food Technology
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Shelf-Life Modeling – Storage effect on tomato firmness.
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Quality Trait Analysis – Sugar content in fruits.
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Moisture Content Regression Models – Drying behavior of grains.
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Post-Harvest Loss Estimation – Weighing before and after storage.
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Storage Temperature Effect Analysis – On vegetable spoilage rate.
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Sensory Evaluation Statistics – Consumer preferences on taste.
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Nutritional Value Visualization – Nutrient content in legume varieties.
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Spoilage Prediction Models – Mold growth under humidity.
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Sorting Efficiency Analysis – Machine performance on fruit size sorting.
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Grading System Automation – Image-based size classification.
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