IFFCO AGT 2023 ( Shift two)✅

Which term is used for the ability of soil to supply essential nutrients to plants in

adequate amounts

(A) Soil texture

(B) Soil pH

(C) Soil fertility✅

(D) Soil structure

Which factor is essential for determining the profitability of a farm operation

(A) Farm location

(B) Farm size

(C) Crop variety

(D) Farm management practices✅

Which type of soil erosion occurs when raindrops dislodge soil particles and

splash them onto the soil surface

(A) Sheet erosion

(B) Gully erosion

(C) Splash erosion✅

(D) Tunnel erosion

In plants, which photoreceptor is primarily responsible for sensing changes in

day length and initiating flowering responses

(A) Phytochrome

(B) Chlorophyll

(C) Carotenoid

(D) Auxin

What term is used for the practice of applying herbicide to control weeds in a

field

(A) Irrigation

(B) Tillage

(C) Herbicide application✅

(D) Crop rotation

What type of farm machinery is commonly used for planting seeds at equal

intervals and at the desired depth

(A) Combine harvester

(B) Plow

(C) Seed drill✅

(D) Tractor

What is the primary purpose of composting in agriculture

(A) Pest control

(B) Soil sterilization

(C) Organic matter decomposition✅

(D) Chemical fertilizer production

Which technique is used to produce genetically identical copies of a plant

through asexual reproduction

(A) Grafting

(B) Hybridization

(C) Micropropagation✅

(D) Crossbreeding

Which risk management strategy involves spreading investments and activities

across different sectors of agriculture to reduce overall risk

(A) Risk avoidance

(B) Risk retention

(C) Risk reduction

(D) Risk diversification✅

What type of farm machinery is used for cutting and gathering crops such as

wheat or rice

(A) Plow

(B) Seeder

(C) Combine✅

(D) Tractor

What type of agricultural machinery is used for planting seeds In a uniform

manner at a specific depth and spacing

(A) Harvester

(B) Seeder✅

(C) Plow

(D) Tractor

Which structure is commonly used in agriculture to store grains and protect them

from pests and moisture

(A) Greenhouse

(B) Silo✅

(C) Irrigation bitch

(D) Windbreak

What does SWOT analysis stand for in the context of agribusiness

(A) Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats✅

(B) Sales, wholesale, outreach, technology

(C) Soil, water, organics, technology

(D) Sustainability, weather, operations, testing

Which agricultural practice focuses on maximizing crop yields while minimizing

the negative impact on the environment

(A) Traditional farming

(B) Conventional farming

(C) Monoculture

(D) Organic farming✅

Which type of weed is known as a broadleaf weed and often has distinct, wide

leaves

(A) Grass weed

(B) Sedge weed

(C) Monocot weed

(D) Dicot weed✅

Which plant disease is caused by fungi and is characterized by white powdery

spots on leaves

(A) Bacterial wilt

(B) Downy mildew

(C) Powdery mildew✅

(D) Rust

Which of the following is a primary benefit of crop rotation in agriculture

(A) Increased pest infestations

(B) Soil depletion of nutrients✅

(C) Reduced soil erosion

(D) Higher monoculture yields

What is the primary function of nitrogen in plant nutrition

(A) Improving photosynthesis✅

(B) Enhancing root development

(C) Promoting flowering

(D) Aiding protein synthesis

What is the primary purpose of adding lime (calcium carbonate) to acidic soils in

agriculture

(A) Increasing soil salinity✅

(B) Enhancing nutrient availability

(C) Promoting soil erosion

(D) Lowering soil pH

What plant hormone is responsible for preventing premature fruit drop in certain

fruit trees like apple and cherry

(A) Ethylene

(B) Auxin✅

(C) Abscisic aced

(D) Cytokinin

Which fungal pathogen is responsible for causing the disease known as “late

blight “ in potatoes and tomatoes

(A) Rhizoctonia solani

(B) Fusarium oxysporum

(C) Phytophthora infestans✅

(D) Ustilago maydis

What is the primary goal of soil conservation practices in agriculture

(A) Maximizing soil erosion

(B) Minimizing soil degradation✅

(C) Preventing soil degradation

(D) Promoting soil compaction

What is the primary goal of genetically modified (GM) crops in agriculture

(A) Improved resistance to diseases and pests✅

(B) Increased pesticide use

(C) Enhanced nutrient content

(D) Decreased crop yield

Which type of microbial inoculant is used to improve the availability of

phosphorus to plants in soils with low phosphorus content

(A) Rhizobium

(B) Mycorrhizae✅

(C) Azotobacter

(D) Azospirillum

In agribusiness, what is the term for the process of coordinating and integrating

all activities in the supply chain

(A) Inventory management

(B) Quality control

(C) Value chain analysis

(D) Supply chain management✅

What advantage does Nano Urea offer in terms of environmental impact

compared to traditional urea

(A) If reduces nitrous oxide emissions✅

(B) It increases ammonia volatilization

(C) It has no effect on greenhouse gas emissions

(D) It accelerates soil erosion

What is the term for the process of incubating eggs to hatch chicks

(A) Brooding✅

(B) Culling

(C) Incubation

(D) Vaccination

What is the primary advantage of drip irrigation over other irrigation methods

(A) It is cost-effective

(B) If covers large areas quickly

(C) It requires minimal maintenance

(D) It conserves water✅

Which group of pesticides specifically targets Insects

(A) Fungicides

(B) Insecticides✅

(C) Herbicides

(D) Rodenticides

What is the term for a disease that affects multiple crop species within a given

area

(A) Epidemic✅

(B) Endemic

(C) Pandemic

(D) Isolated

In animal breeding, what is the term for the mating of closely related individuals

to maintain specific traits

(A) Outbreeding

(B) Inbreeding✅

(C) Crossbreeding

(D) Line-breeding

Powdery mildew is a common fungal disease the affects which part of the plant

(A) Leaves

(B) Flowers

(C) Stems

(D) All of the above✅

Which organic compound is a common source of nitrogen in organic fertilizers

like blood meal or feather meal

(A) Cellulose

(B) Urea✅

(C) Amino acids

(D) Lignin

What is the term for the practice of planting a non-host crop to break the disease

cycle

(A) Crop rotation✅

(B) Biological control

(C) Pesticide application

(D) Soil fumigation

Which breed of cattle is known for its high milk production and is often called the

“dairy queen”

(A) Holstein – Friesian✅

(B) Jersey

(C) Angus

(D) Hereford

Which method of plant propagation involves taking a small section of stem with a

bud and grafting it onto a rootstock to create a new plant

(A) Layering

(B) Division

(C) Cuttings

(D) Budding✅

What economic concept refers to the situation where government subsidies to a

particular industry lead to overproduction and market inefficiencies

(A) Market equilibrium

(B) Price elasticity

(C) Deadweight loss✅

(D) Producer surplus

What is the primary challenge in implementing efficient irrigation systems in arid

regions with limited water resources

(A) Overabundance of water sources

(B) Excessive rainfall

(C) Soil salinity

(D) Water scarcity✅

Which nutrient is essential for bone and teeth formation in livestock

(A) Protein

(B) Carbohydrates

(C) Vitamins

(D) Minerals✅

What is the primary goal of agricultural extension services

(A) Maximizing profits for farmers

(B) Increasing the cost of agricultural inputs

(C) Disseminating agricultural knowledge to farmers✅

(D) Promoting urban agriculture

What is the primary benefit of providing probiotics to poultry as a feed

supplement

(A) Increasing digestive enzyme activity✅

(B) Enhancing meal flavor

(C) Reducing the risk of disease

(D) Accelerating growth rate

What is the primary purpose of adding organic matter, such as compost, to soil

(A) Increasing soil acidity

(B) Providing essential nutrients to plants✅

(C) Enhancing soil drainage

(D) Reducing soil erosion

What is the process of exchanging genetic material between homologous

chromosomes called

(A) Mitosis

(B) Meiosis

(C) Crossing over✅

(D) Cloning

What is the term for the process by which farmers gradually accept and integrate

new agricultural practices into their existing systems

(A) Innovation diffusion✅

(B) Technology transfer

(C) Extension outreach

(D) Knowledge dissemination

In agricultural extension, what method involves the direct demonstration of new

agricultural practices and technologies in the field

(A) Lecture

(B) Workshop

(C) Farmer field school

(D) On-farm trial✅

Which type of irrigation system delivers water directly to the root zone of plants

through tubes or pipes

(A) Drip irrigation✅

(B) Flood irrigation

(C) Sprinkler irrigation

(D) Furrow irrigation

Which vegetable is a good source of vitamin A and is often used to combat

vitamin A deficiency

(A) Onion

(B) Spinach

(C) Carrot✅

(D) Cabbage

In cattle breeding, what is the term for a male calf that has been castrated and is

raised for beef production

(A) Heifer

(B) Steer✅

(C) Bull

(D) Cow

Which extension method involves one-on-one interactions between extension

agents and famers to provide tailored information and advice

(A) Mass media

(B) Group meeting

(C) Individual extension✅

(D) Demonstration farm

Which soil type is likely to have a naturally high pH (alkaline)

(A) Clay soil✅

(B) Loam soil

(C) Sandy soil

(D) Peat soil

Which communication channel involves the use of mass media, such as radio

and television , to disseminate agricultural information

(A) Personal communication

(B) Social media✅

(C) Interpersonal communication

(D) Mass communication

What is the term for the practice of planting multiple crops in the same field at the

same time for mutual benefit

(A) Crop rotation

(B) Polyculture✅

(C) Monoculture

(D) Alley cropping

What is the term for the practice of spreading financial risk by investing in a

variety of assets or enterprises

(A) Diversification✅

(B) Monetization

(C) Capitalization

(D) Leverage

What is the main purpose of “organic certification” for agricultural products

(A) Reducing the cost of organic production

(B) Guaranteeing that products are free of pesticides

(C) Promoting genetically modified organisms (GMOs)

(D) Providing consumers with assurance of organic product quality and

authenticity✅

Which group of microorganisms is commonly used as blofertilizers to fix

atmospheric nitrogen

(A) Fungi

(B) Viruses

(C) Bacteria✅

(D) Algae

What is the term for the practice of removing and destroying infected plants to

prevent the spread of disease

(A) Fertilization

(B) Pruning

(C) Roguing✅

(D) Mulching

In crop rotation, which type of crop is often planted after a legume crop to benefit

from nitrogen fixation

(A) Grass crop

(B) Cereal crop✅

(C) Root crop

(D) Leafy vegetable crop

What type of market structure exists when a few large firms dominate the

agricultural market and have significant control over prices

(A) Perfect competition

(B) Oligopoly✅

(C) Monopoly

(D) Monopsony

What is the primary advantage of hydroponics in horticulture

(A) Reduced water usage✅

(B) Enhanced soil fertility

(C) Elimination of pests

(D) Increased nutrient availability

Which microorganism is responsible for nitrogen fixation in leguminous plants

like peas and beans

(A) Rhizobium✅

(B) Mycorrhiza

(C) Streptomyces

(D) Clostridium

What is the term for the process of converting atmospheric nitrogen gas (N2) into

a form that plants can absorb and utilize

(A) Denitrification

(B) Nitrogen fixation✅

(C) Ammonification

(D) Nitrification

What is the term for the process of removing parasites, such as ticks and lice,

from livestock

(A) Vaccination

(B) Quarantine

(C) Deworming✅

(D) Castration

Which technique is commonly used in genetic engineering to introduce foreign

DNA into plant cells

(A) Hybridization

(B) Grafting

(C) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

(D) Agrobacterium – mediated transformation✅

What is the primary objective of farmer field schools in agricultural extension

(A) Marketing agricultural products

(B) Providing credit to farmers

(C) Enhancing farmers’ skills and knowledge✅

(D) Promoting farm mechanization

Which plant breeding technique involves the deliberate hybridization of closely

related plant species to create a new, improved cultivar

(A) Backcrossing

(B) Mutation breeding✅

(C) Inter-specific hybridization

(D) Inter-specific hybridization

Which nutrient is classified as a macronutrient and is essential for muscle

development in livestock

(A) Vitamins

(B) Carbohydrates

(C) Fats

(D) Proteins✅

Which pest is commonly known for causing damage to stored grains and is often

referred to as “pantry pest”

(A) Aphid

(B) Weevil✅

(C) Bollworm

(D) Ladybug

Which of the following nutrients is often referred to as the “energy nutrient” for

plants

(A) Iron

(B) Phosphorus✅

(C) Nitrogen

(D) Zinc

Which enzyme produced by nitrogen-fixing bacteria is responsible for converting

atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3)

(A) Nitrate reductase

(B) Nitrogenase✅

(C) Ammonia oxidase

(D) Nitrite reductase

During which phase of photosynthesis is oxygen released into the atmosphere

(A) Light – dependent reactions✅

(B) Calvin cycle

(C) Photorespiration

(D) Stomatal opening

Which group of microorganisms are known for their role in nitrogen fixation and

are commonly associated with legume roots

(A) Bacteria✅

(B) Fungi

(C) Algae

(D) Viruses

Which IPM strategy involves using physical barriers or traps to prevent pests

from reaching crops

(A) Chemical control

(B) Cultural control

(C) Mechanical control✅

(D) Biological control

Which micronutrient deficiency in plants can lead to the condition known as “little

leaf”

(A) Molybdenum

(B) Copper

(C) Zinc✅

(D) Boron

Which factor primarily influences the development of soil horizons and profiles

(A) Soil texture

(B) Climate

(C) Parent material

(D) Topography✅

In which growth stage do crops typically flower and produce fruits or seeds

(A) Seeding stage

(B) Vegetative stage

(C) Reproductive stage✅

(D) Maturation stage

Which bacterial disease primarily affects poultry and is characterized by

respiratory and digestive symptoms

(A) Anthrax

(B) Foot-and mouth disease

(C) Newcastle disease✅

(D) Brucellosis

What is the term for the process of transferring pollen from the male reproductive

organ to the female reproductive organ of a flower

(A) Pollination✅

(B) Fertilization

(C) Transpiration

(D) Germination

Which of the following is a critical factor affecting post-harvest losses in grains

and cereal crops during storage

(A) Temperature

(B) Humidity✅

(C) Light exposure

(D) Soil type

What is the term for the practice of using a physical barrier to prevent weed

growth

(A) Herbicide application

(B) Mulching✅

(C) Crop rotation

(D) Tilling

What is the term for the total market value of all goods and services produced

within a country’s borders in a given time period

(A) GDP (Gross domestic product)✅

(B) CPI (Consumer price Index)

(C) GNP (Gross national product)

(D) PPP (Purchasing power parity)

Which approach involves actively involving farmers in the planning and

implementation of agricultural development programs

(A) Top-down approach

(B) Extension approach

(C) Participatory approach✅

(D) Centralized approach

What is the primary challenge often faced when promoting the adoption of

modern agricultural technologies in rural communities

(A) Excessive government regulations

(B) Lack of access to credit✅

(C) Overabundance of extension services

(D) High literacy rates among farmers

What is term for the practice of planting a companion crop to attract and divert

away from the main crop

(A) Trap Crop✅

(B) Biological control

(C) Crop rotation

(D) Integrated pest management (IPM)

In ruminant nutrition, what is the term for the process of microorganisms

breaking down cellulose and other complex carbohydrates in the stomach

(A) Rumen fermentation✅

(B) Absorption

(C) Peristalsis

(D) Excretion

Which element is the main nutrient component in Nano Urea

(A) Nitrogen (N)✅

(B) Phosphorus (P)

(C) Potassium (K)

(D) Carbon (C)

What dose the term “forward integration” refer to in the context of agribusiness

marketing

(A) The consolidation of small farms into larger agribusiness corporations

(B) The expansion of agribusinesses into retail and distribution activities✅

(C) The use of backward contracts between farmers and processors

(D) The adoption of sustainable farming practices

Which group of microorganisms is primarily responsible for biological nitrogen

fixation in soil

(A) Fungi

(B) Viruses

(C) Bacteria✅

(D) Algae

What type of farm machinery is used for digging, turning, and loosening soil

before planting

(A) Seeder

(B) Harvester

(C) Plow

(D) Tiller✅

When a country’s imports exceed its exports, what is this situation called

(A) Trade surplus

(B) Balance of payments

(C) Trade deficit✅

(D) Fiscal deficit

In a consumer cooperative, who are the primary members

(A) Farmers

(B) Producers

(C) Consumers✅

(D) Government officials

What is the lowest administrative unit in Panchayat Raj

(A) Gram Sabha✅

(B) Zila Parishad

(C) Municipal corporation

(D) State legislature

Which indicator is commonly used to measure a country’s economic growth

(A) GDP per capita✅

(B) Total agricultural output

(C) Inflation rate

(D) Unemployment rate

What is the impact of high inflation on the economy

(A) Increased savings

(B) Decreased purchasing power✅

(C) Stable prices

(D) Reduced interest rates

What is the significance of decentralized planning in Panchayat Raj institutions

(A) It allows the central government to control all planning decisions

(B) It empowers local communities to make decisions about their development✅

(C) It minimizes the role of elected representatives

(D) It focuses solely on urban development

Which crop is commonly known as the “king of cereals”

(A) Rice

(B) Maize

(C) Sorghum

(D) Wheat✅