🔵 1. The botanical name of bread wheat is:
A) Triticum durum
B) Triticum aestivum
C) Triticum dicoccum
D) Triticum sphaerococcum
Answer: B) Triticum aestivum
Rationale: Bread wheat, the most widely cultivated type globally, is Triticum aestivum.
🔵 2. Wheat is a crop of which season in India?
A) Kharif
B) Zaid
C) Rabi
D) Summer
Answer: C) Rabi
Rationale: Wheat is grown in the rabi season, sown in winter and harvested in spring.
🔵 3. Ideal temperature for germination of wheat is:
A) 10–15°C
B) 20–25°C
C) 30–35°C
D) 5–10°C
Answer: A) 10–15°C
Rationale: Cooler temperatures are ideal for wheat seed germination.
🔵 4. The critical stage for irrigation in wheat is:
A) Tillering
B) Booting
C) Crown root initiation
D) Dough stage
Answer: C) Crown root initiation
Rationale: CRI stage (about 20–25 DAS) is crucial for root development and plant stand.
🔵 5. The nutrient that enhances grain protein content in wheat is:
A) Nitrogen
B) Phosphorus
C) Potassium
D) Sulphur
Answer: A) Nitrogen
Rationale: Nitrogen is directly related to protein synthesis in cereal grains.
🔵 6. Rusts in wheat are caused by:
A) Bacteria
B) Virus
C) Fungus
D) Nematodes
Answer: C) Fungus
Rationale: Fungal pathogens like Puccinia spp. cause rust diseases in wheat.
🔵 7. The wheat disease also known as ‘Black rust’ is:
A) Puccinia striiformis
B) Puccinia graminis tritici
C) Puccinia recondita
D) Ustilago tritici
Answer: B) Puccinia graminis tritici
Rationale: It causes stem or black rust in wheat.
🔵 8. What is the optimum seed rate of wheat under irrigated condition?
A) 50 kg/ha
B) 75 kg/ha
C) 100 kg/ha
D) 125 kg/ha
Answer: C) 100 kg/ha
Rationale: This seed rate ensures optimum plant population in irrigated wheat fields.
🔵 9. Which Indian state is the largest producer of wheat?
A) Madhya Pradesh
B) Punjab
C) Uttar Pradesh
D) Haryana
Answer: C) Uttar Pradesh
Rationale: U.P. contributes the largest share to India’s wheat production.
🔵 10. Wheat is classified as a:
A) Short-day plant
B) Long-day plant
C) Day-neutral plant
D) Shade-loving plant
Answer: B) Long-day plant
Rationale: Wheat requires longer daylight hours to flower and mature.
🔵 11. Which is a popular semi-dwarf wheat variety in India?
A) PBW 343
B) Kalyan Sona
C) HD 2967
D) Sonalika
Answer: C) HD 2967
Rationale: HD 2967 is a high-yielding semi-dwarf variety suitable for irrigated areas.
🔵 12. Dwarfing genes in wheat are known as:
A) Norin 10
B) Bt genes
C) Ht genes
D) Rht genes
Answer: D) Rht genes
Rationale: Rht (Reduced height) genes are responsible for semi-dwarfism in wheat.
🔵 13. Which element helps in root development and seedling vigour in wheat?
A) Potassium
B) Nitrogen
C) Zinc
D) Phosphorus
Answer: D) Phosphorus
Rationale: Phosphorus is essential for root growth and early plant vigor.
🔵 14. Loose smut in wheat is controlled by:
A) Spraying fungicide on plants
B) Treating seed with fungicide
C) Irrigation
D) Balanced fertilization
Answer: B) Treating seed with fungicide
Rationale: As the infection is seed-borne, seed treatment is the best prevention.
🔵 15. Which country is the largest wheat producer globally?
A) USA
B) China
C) India
D) Russia
Answer: B) China
Rationale: China leads the world in wheat production due to large area and yield.
🔵 16. Triticale is a hybrid between:
A) Rice and wheat
B) Wheat and rye
C) Maize and wheat
D) Wheat and barley
Answer: B) Wheat and rye
Rationale: Triticale is a man-made hybrid combining qualities of both crops.
🔵 17. Which is the first high-yielding wheat variety introduced in India during Green Revolution?
A) Sonalika
B) Kalyan Sona
C) Lerma Rojo
D) HD 2329
Answer: B) Kalyan Sona
Rationale: Kalyan Sona was among the first high-yielding Mexican varieties adopted in India.
🔵 18. The type of inflorescence in wheat is:
A) Panicle
B) Raceme
C) Spike
D) Umbel
Answer: C) Spike
Rationale: Wheat has a terminal spike composed of spikelets.
🔵 19. The center of origin of wheat is:
A) Africa
B) Central America
C) South America
D) South-West Asia
Answer: D) South-West Asia
Rationale: Fertile Crescent region is considered the origin of cultivated wheat.
🔵 20. The protein present in wheat responsible for dough elasticity is:
A) Casein
B) Albumin
C) Gluten
D) Gliadin
Answer: C) Gluten
Rationale: Gluten gives elasticity and chewiness to wheat-based dough.
🔵 21. The seed drill for sowing wheat was invented by:
A) M.S. Swaminathan
B) Jethro Tull
C) Norman Borlaug
D) Gregor Mendel
Answer: B) Jethro Tull
Rationale: Jethro Tull invented the seed drill, revolutionizing sowing practices.
🔵 22. The wheat grain is a type of:
A) Drupe
B) Nut
C) Caryopsis
D) Capsule
Answer: C) Caryopsis
Rationale: In wheat, the fruit is a caryopsis where the seed coat is fused with the pericarp.
🔵 23. Which micronutrient deficiency causes leaf chlorosis in wheat?
A) Iron
B) Zinc
C) Boron
D) Manganese
Answer: A) Iron
Rationale: Iron deficiency leads to interveinal chlorosis, especially in younger leaves.
🔵 24. Which of the following is not a wheat-growing zone in India?
A) Northern Hill Zone
B) North Eastern Plains Zone
C) Central Zone
D) Coastal Zone
Answer: D) Coastal Zone
Rationale: Wheat is not commonly grown in the coastal zone due to unsuitable climatic conditions.
🔵 25. Zinc sulphate is applied in wheat to correct:
A) Lodging
B) Chlorosis
C) Root rot
D) Flower abortion
Answer: B) Chlorosis
Rationale: Zinc deficiency in wheat causes leaf yellowing, corrected using zinc sulphate.
🔵 26. What is the recommended spacing for wheat under irrigated condition?
A) 15 cm × 15 cm
B) 22.5 cm row spacing
C) 45 cm row spacing
D) Broadcasting
Answer: B) 22.5 cm row spacing
Rationale: 22.5 cm is the standard inter-row spacing under normal irrigated conditions.
🔵 27. The water requirement of wheat crop ranges from:
A) 200–300 mm
B) 400–500 mm
C) 600–700 mm
D) 800–900 mm
Answer: C) 600–700 mm
Rationale: Wheat requires moderate water, especially at critical stages.
🔵 28. The ideal soil pH for wheat cultivation is:
A) 3.5 to 4.5
B) 5.0 to 5.5
C) 6.0 to 7.5
D) 8.0 to 9.0
Answer: C) 6.0 to 7.5
Rationale: Wheat grows best in neutral to slightly alkaline soils.
🔵 29. The wheat crop is most sensitive to water stress at:
A) Tillering stage
B) Crown root initiation stage
C) Dough stage
D) Milking stage
Answer: B) Crown root initiation stage
Rationale: CRI is a critical stage when water stress can severely affect yield.
🔵 30. Yellow rust is also called:
A) Stem rust
B) Brown rust
C) Stripe rust
D) Loose smut
Answer: C) Stripe rust
Rationale: Puccinia striiformis causes stripe or yellow rust on wheat.
🔵 31. The source of dwarfing genes in wheat came from:
A) Mexico
B) USA
C) Japan
D) India
Answer: C) Japan
Rationale: The dwarfing gene Rht was derived from Japanese variety Norin 10.
🔵 32. Protein content in wheat grain is approximately:
A) 5%
B) 10–12%
C) 15–17%
D) 20%
Answer: B) 10–12%
Rationale: Wheat generally contains 10–12% protein, depending on variety and nitrogen use.
🔵 33. In wheat, terminal heat stress mainly affects:
A) Tillering
B) Heading
C) Grain filling
D) Flowering
Answer: C) Grain filling
Rationale: High temperatures reduce grain size and yield during grain filling.
🔵 34. The leading wheat research institute in India is:
A) IARI, Delhi
B) CRRI, Cuttack
C) IIWBR, Karnal
D) VPKAS, Almora
Answer: C) IIWBR, Karnal
Rationale: Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research leads wheat R&D in India.
🔵 35. The anti-nutritional factor in wheat is:
A) Gluten
B) Saponin
C) Phytic acid
D) Oxalate
Answer: C) Phytic acid
Rationale: Phytic acid binds minerals, reducing bioavailability in the diet.
🔵 36. What part of wheat is rich in fiber?
A) Endosperm
B) Germ
C) Bran
D) Aleurone
Answer: C) Bran
Rationale: Bran, the outer layer, contains dietary fiber.
🔵 37. Bread quality of wheat is improved by:
A) Low gluten
B) High starch
C) High gluten
D) High fiber
Answer: C) High gluten
Rationale: Gluten improves dough elasticity and baking quality.
🔵 38. The wheat crop is mainly propagated by:
A) Cuttings
B) Grafting
C) Seeds
D) Rhizomes
Answer: C) Seeds
Rationale: Wheat is propagated through seeds.
🔵 39. Delayed sowing of wheat leads to increased incidence of:
A) Rust
B) Ear cockle
C) Loose smut
D) Powdery mildew
Answer: A) Rust
Rationale: Late sowing exposes crop to warmer, rust-conducive weather.
🔵 40. India ranks what in global wheat production?
A) First
B) Second
C) Third
D) Fourth
Answer: B) Second
Rationale: India is second only to China in wheat production.
🔵 41. The suitable sowing depth for wheat is:
A) 1–2 cm
B) 3–4 cm
C) 5–6 cm
D) 8–10 cm
Answer: C) 5–6 cm
Rationale: This depth ensures good seed-soil contact and emergence.
🔵 42. The spikelet of wheat contains how many florets?
A) 1–2
B) 2–4
C) 3–5
D) 5–8
Answer: C) 3–5
Rationale: Each spikelet usually contains 3–5 fertile florets.
🔵 43. Thermosensitive genes in wheat influence:
A) Dwarfness
B) Disease resistance
C) Flowering
D) Tillering
Answer: C) Flowering
Rationale: Temperature-sensitive genes regulate flowering time.
🔵 44. Excess nitrogen in wheat can cause:
A) Dwarfness
B) Lodging
C) Yellowing
D) Early maturity
Answer: B) Lodging
Rationale: High nitrogen causes lush growth and makes plants fall over.
🔵 45. The yield component directly related to productivity in wheat is:
A) Leaf size
B) Tiller number
C) Days to maturity
D) Seed size
Answer: B) Tiller number
Rationale: Effective tillers bear more ears, increasing yield.
🔵 46. Ear cockle in wheat is caused by:
A) Nematode
B) Fungus
C) Bacteria
D) Insect
Answer: A) Nematode
Rationale: Anguina tritici, a nematode, causes galls in place of grains.
🔵 47. Flag leaf in wheat is important because:
A) It protects the ear
B) It stores food
C) It contributes significantly to grain filling
D) It repels pests
Answer: C) It contributes significantly to grain filling
Rationale: The flag leaf is the topmost leaf and is vital for photosynthesis during grain development.
🔵 48. Sowing time of wheat in North India is generally:
A) September
B) October
C) November
D) December
Answer: C) November
Rationale: Wheat is best sown in early to mid-November after kharif harvest.
🔵 49. Biofortified wheat varieties are enriched with:
A) Iron and zinc
B) Calcium and magnesium
C) Vitamin C and A
D) Protein and fat
Answer: A) Iron and zinc
Rationale: Biofortified varieties aim to combat malnutrition through micronutrient enhancement.
🔵 50. The term “semi-dwarf wheat” refers to:
A) High tillering wheat
B) Short-statured, lodging-resistant wheat
C) Photoperiod-sensitive wheat
D) Poor grain filler
Answer: B) Short-statured, lodging-resistant wheat
Rationale: Semi-dwarf varieties are resistant to lodging and respond better to fertilizer.
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