ARS NET 2023 Genetics and Plant Breeding

Question 1:

A set of closely linked genes that determine the optimal phenotype is known as:
A. Gene cluster
B. Operon
C. Super gene
D. Linkage group
✅ Correct Answer: C. Super gene

Question 2:

Multivalent formation in wheat is due to:
A. Trisomics
B. Monosomics
C. Nullisomics
D. Totasomics
✅ Correct Answer: C. Nullisomics (Chromosome Five B)

Question 3:

The state with the highest pulse production:
A. Madhya Pradesh
B. Uttar Pradesh
C. Rajasthan
D. Maharashtra
✅ Correct Answer: A. Madhya Pradesh (MP)

Question 4:

The crop domesticated after the wheat:
A. Barley
B. Potato
C. Rice
D. Maize
✅ Correct Answer: A. Barley

Question 5:

The potato tuber moth was introduced from:
A. South America
B. Europe
C. Italy
D. Africa
✅ Correct Answer: C. Italy

Question 6:

Shoot fly, fruit borer, jassids, and spider mites are major insects of:
A. Bhindi (Okra)
B. Tomato
C. Cucumber
D. Brinjal
✅ Correct Answer: A. Bhindi (Okra)

Question 7:

A telomere is present in:
A. Protein
B. RNA
C. Lipid
D. DNA
✅ Correct Answer: D. DNA

Question 8:

The initial framework of biometrics was developed by:
A. Gregor John Mendel
B. R.A. Fisher
C. Sewall Wright
D. J.B.S. Haldane
✅ Correct Answer: B. R.A. Fisher

Question 9:

Generation Mean Analysis follows as:
A. First Order Statistics
B. Second Order Statistics
C. Third Order Statistics
D. Zero Order Statistics
✅ Correct Answer: A. First Order Statistics

Question 10:

Diallel analysis was developed by:
A. Mather
B. Allard
C. Jinks
D. Gardner
✅ Correct Answer: C. Jinks

Question 11:

Half diallel allows the parent to be:
A. Only self-compatible
B. Only male fertile
C. Self-incompatible and male sterile
D. Only cross-compatible
✅ Correct Answer: C. Self-incompatible and male sterile

Question 12:

The system that allows F1 hybridity and is regularly used for the electro process is:
A. DNA fingerprinting
B. Microsatellite marker
C. SNP marker
D. RFLP marker
✅ Correct Answer: D. RFLP marker

Question 13:

The most informative mapping population is:
A. F2
B. Backcross
C. RILs (Recombinant Inbred Lines)
D. F2 DP (Double Haploid F2)
✅ Correct Answer: C. RILs (Recombinant Inbred Lines)

Question 14:

The backcross method is used to:
A. Create F1
B. Develop pure line
C. Isolate isogenic line
D. Study gene interaction
✅ Correct Answer: C. Isolate isogenic line

Question 15:

Guide RNA is made of:
A. mRNA or tRNA
B. RNA and mRNA
C. tracrRNA and mRNA
D. tracrRNA and crRNA
✅ Correct Answer: D. tracrRNA and crRNA

Question 16:

A cytologist locates a gene on a chromosome by studying the:
A. DNA sequence
B. Protein expression
C. Banding pattern in the chromosome
D. Gene function
✅ Correct Answer: C. Banding pattern in the chromosome

Question 17:

RNAi (RNA interference) is a short RNA that regulates gene expression by combining with:
A. DNA
B. mRNA
C. tRNA
D. Protein
✅ Correct Answer: B. mRNA

Question 18:

DNA Polymerase First has:
A. 3' to 5' exonuclease activity
B. 5' to 3' polymerase activity
C. 5' to 3' exonuclease activity
D. Ligase activity
✅ Correct Answer: C. 5' to 3' exonuclease activity

Question 19:

ALU1 is a restriction endonuclease enzyme that produces:
A. Sticky ends
B. Overhangs
C. Blunt ends
D. Single-stranded breaks
✅ Correct Answer: C. Blunt ends

Question 20:

SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) markers are scorable markers that are:
A. Least commonly used
B. Moderately used
C. Most commonly used
D. Not used in plant breeding
✅ Correct Answer: C. Most commonly used

Question 21:

Starting from DNA sequence and moving towards the phenotype is known as:
A. Forward Genetics
B. Reverse Genetics
C. Quantitative Genetics
D. Molecular Genetics
✅ Correct Answer: B. Reverse Genetics

Question 22:

Transgressive segregants are recovered in the:
A. Bulk method
B. Single Seed Descent method
C. Pedigree method
D. Mass Selection
✅ Correct Answer: C. Pedigree method

Question 23:

Anther culture is a method related to recovering haploid plants:
A. In vivo propagation
B. In vitro
C. In situ
D. Ex vivo
✅ Correct Answer: B. In vitro

Question 24:

Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) is:
A. Not used in plant breeding
B. Artificially induced
C. Commercially used
D. Found only in animals
✅ Correct Answer: C. Commercially used

Question 25:

SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) is what generation marker:
A. First generation marker
B. Second generation marker
C. Third generation marker
D. Not a molecular marker
✅ Correct Answer: C. Third generation marker

Question 26:

LXT is given by
A. Mather and Jinks
B. Kearsey and Mather
C. Kempthrone
D. Falconer and Mackay
✅ Correct Answer: C. Kempthrone 1957

Question 27:

The Watson and Crick model was supported by:
A. Mendel and Morgan
B. Sutton and Boveri
C. Wilkins, Franklin and Chargaff
D. Avery, MacLeod and McCarty
✅ Correct Answer: C. Wilkins, Franklin and Chargaff

Question 28:

If 40 units of DNA are present in the G1 phase, then there will be how many units after meiosis I:
A. 10 units
B. 20 units
C. 40 units
D. 80 units
✅ Correct Answer: C. 40 units

Question 29:

Statement 1: The CDC genes are present in cells differing from alive cells.
Statement 2: CDC mutants block the expression of the cell division cycle at a specific stage.
A. Statement 1 is correct
B. Statement 2 is correct
C. Both statements are correct
D. Both statements are incorrect
✅ Correct Answer: B. Statement 2 is correct

Question 30:

Different types of pathogens that attack during a course of time are called:
A. Biotypes
B. Races
C. Virulence gene
D. Physiological races
✅ Correct Answer: D. Physiological races

Question 31:

Leaf rolling, delayed deep root system, and erect leaves are characteristics of:
A. Disease resistance
B. Insect resistance
C. Drought resistance
D. Herbicide resistance
✅ Correct Answer: C. Drought resistance

Question 32:

The Boom and Bust cycle was given by:
A. Vander Plank
B. Watson
C. Borlaug
D. Allard
✅ Correct Answer: A. Vander Plank

Question 33:

The Flavr Savr gene was introduced for:
A. Increased yield
B. Herbicide tolerance
C. Increased shelf life
D. Insect resistance
✅ Correct Answer: C. Increased shelf life

Question 34:

The VR and WR graph is used for:
A. Estimating heritability
B. Covariance between parent and offspring
C. Predicting hybrid performance
D. Analyzing genotype × environment interaction
✅ Correct Answer: B. Covariance between parent and offspring

Question 35:

The Diallel Selective Mating System includes:
A. Diallel mating only
B. Selective mating only
C. Diallel and Selective mating
D. Random mating and selection
✅ Correct Answer: C. Diallel and Selective mating

Question 36:

The Seed Act came under the rule in:
A. 1952
B. 1966
C. 1971
D. 1985
✅ Correct Answer: B. 1966

Question 37:

Acetosyringone is a toxin secreted at the wounded site of plants by:
A. Fungi
B. Viruses
C. Agrobacterium
D. Insects
✅ Correct Answer: C. Agrobacterium

Question 38:

Thiram and Agrosan Ceresan are:
A. Insecticides used for seed treatment
B. Herbicides used for weed control
C. Fungicides for surface sterilization
D. Plant Growth Regulators
✅ Correct Answer: C. Fungicides for surface sterilization

Question 39:

Kosambi's distance is a mapping function that includes:
A. No interference
B. Positive interference
C. Negative interference
D. Complete interference
✅ Correct Answer: B. Positive interference

Question 40:

NSC (National Seed Corporation) was established in:
A. 1960
B. 1961
C. 1963
D. 1965
✅ Correct Answer: C. 1963

Question 41:

The color of breeder, foundation, and certified seed is respectively:
A. White, Golden yellow, Azure blue
B. Golden yellow, Azure blue, White
C. Golden yellow, White, Azure blue
D. Azure blue, White, Golden yellow
✅ Correct Answer: C. Golden yellow, White, Azure blue

Question 42:

Cotton has a germination percentage of:
A. 40%
B. 50%
C. 60%
D. 70%
✅ Correct Answer: C. 60%

Question 43:

Breeding by Design is the methodology that involves:
A. Traditional breeding methods
B. Marker assisted selection
C. In silico making of genes and desirable products
D. Wild hybridization
✅ Correct Answer: C. In silico making of genes and desirable products

Question 44:

Which of the following has the highest protein content:
A. Rice
B. Wheat
C. Maize
D. Oat
✅ Correct Answer: D. Oat

Question 45:

Rice carbohydrate content is approximately:
A. 40%
B. 50%
C. 60%
D. 70%
✅ Correct Answer: D. 70%

Question 46:

Kent, Ridley, IR8 are varieties of:
A. Wheat
B. Rice
C. Barley
D. Maize
✅ Correct Answer: C. Barley

Question 47:

A large number of germplasm are evaluated using which method:
A. CRD (Completely Randomized Design)
B. RBD (Randomized Block Design)
C. Augmented Design
D. Split Plot Design
✅ Correct Answer: C. Augmented Design

Question 48:

The sum of squares of RBD compared to CRD is lower due to the removal of:
A. Treatment variation
B. Error variation
C. Block variation
D. Total variation
✅ Correct Answer: C. Block variation

Question 49:

When the plot design is a perfect square and the number of treatments is the square root of the number of plots, the design is:
A. CRD
B. RBD
C. Latin Square Design
D. Factorial Design
✅ Correct Answer: C. Latin Square Design

Question 50:

Single cross will result in:
A. Maximum heterozygosity and heterogeneity
B. Minimum heterozygosity and homozygosity
C. Maximum heterozygosity and homogeneity
D. Minimum heterozygosity and heterogeneity
✅ Correct Answer: C. Maximum heterozygosity and homogeneity

Question 51:

Loops and Puffs are methods of:
A. DNA replication
B. Protein synthesis
C. RNA synthesis
D. Mutation induction
✅ Correct Answer: C. RNA synthesis

Question 52:

The Cartagena Protocol deals with:
A. Climate change
B. Biodiversity conservation
C. Biosafety
D. Intellectual Property Rights
✅ Correct Answer: C. Biosafety

Question 53:

Dicliny and Dichogamy are present in:
A. Wheat
B. Rice
C. Maize
D. Soybean
✅ Correct Answer: C. Maize

Question 54:

Ghost Gene Hypothesis refers to a gene that:
A. Is completely silent
B. Has a major phenotypic effect
C. Has no apparent phenotypic effect on its own but modifies the expression of another gene
D. Is only expressed under specific environmental conditions
✅ Correct Answer: C. Has no apparent phenotypic effect on its own but modifies the expression of another gene

Question 55:

The Chi-square test gives a hypothesis about:
A. Correlation
B. Regression
C. Goodness of Fit
D. Variance
✅ Correct Answer: C. Goodness of Fit

Question 56:

Agrobacterium mediated transfer involves integration of T-DNA into the host genome. How does the Particle Gun method deposit the target gene into the genotype?
A. Also integrate T-DNA
B. Uses viral vector
C. Physical delivery of DNA into cell
D. Is limited to chloroplast transformation
✅ Correct Answer: C. Physical delivery of DNA into cell

Question 57:

A Complementary Ratio is:
A. 9:3:3:1
B. 3:1
C. 9:7
D. 15:1
✅ Correct Answer: C. 9:7

Question 58:

The Hybrid Complementary Ratio for a test cross is:
A. 1:1:1:1
B. 1:1
C. 1:3
D. 3:1
✅ Correct Answer: A. 1:1:1:1

Question 59:

Statement 1: There is linkage between the stem length gene and the pod shape.
Statement 2: Mendel did not study stem length and pod shape.
A. Statement 1 is correct
B. Statement 2 is correct
C. Both statements are correct
D. Both statements are incorrect
✅ Correct Answer: C. Both statements are correct

Question 60:

Victoria Blight in oats and Mutation breeding followed by EMS (Ethyl Methane Sulfonate) are examples of:
A. Both are examples of induced mutagenesis
B. Disease resistant breeding and gene silencing respectively
C. Disease resistant breeding and induced mutagenesis respectively
D. Both are examples of disease resistant breeding
✅ Correct Answer: C. Disease resistant breeding and induced mutagenesis respectively

Question 61:

Vernalization can be induced by:
A. High temperature
B. Low temperature
C. High humidity
D. Long photoperiod
✅ Correct Answer: B. Low temperature

Question 62:

The number of phenotypic classes obtained in a three-point test cross with three linked genes:
A. Four
B. Six
C. Eight
D. Sixteen
✅ Correct Answer: C. Eight

Question 63:

The number of phenotypic classes obtained when three genes segregate semi-dominantly and the trait is quantitative:
A. Eight
B. Nine
C. Six
D. Sixteen
E. Twenty-seven
✅ Correct Answer: E. Twenty-seven

Question 64:

Statement 1: The SAT (Satellite) DNA has a secondary constriction.
Statement 2: SAT DNA is located in the SAT chromosome.
A. Statement 1 is correct
B. Statement 2 is correct
C. Both statements are correct
D. Both statements are incorrect
✅ Correct Answer: C. Both statements are correct

Question 65:

The Tobacco Mosaic Virus was induced into the plants for introducing:
A. Increased growth
B. Herbicide tolerance
C. Cross protection
D. Systemic acquired resistance
✅ Correct Answer: C. Cross protection

Question 66:

The number of secondary trisomics in maize:
A. 10
B. 12
C. 20
D. 24
✅ Correct Answer: A. 10

Question 67:

A physical map represents:
A. Order of genes on chromosome
B. Recombination frequency between genes
C. Number of base pairs between genetic markers
D. Location of centromeres and telomeres
✅ Correct Answer: C. Number of base pairs between genetic markers

Question 68:

RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) is used in:
A. Pedigree analysis
B. Linkage mapping only
C. Comparative and Synteny study
D. Variety identification
✅ Correct Answer: C. Comparative and Synteny study

Question 69:

Photoreaction-caused dimer is reversed by:
A. DNA Polymerase
B. DNA Ligase
C. Photolyase enzyme
D. Restriction Enzyme
✅ Correct Answer: C. Photolyase enzyme

Question 70:

Rice genes Xa21, Xa5, and Xa3 are introgressed using:
A. Traditional breeding methods
B. Pedigree selection
C. Molecular markers ( STS)
D. Mutation Breeding
✅ Correct Answer: C. STS (Sequence Tagged Sites) markers

Question 71:

Pusa Jai Kisan is the somaclonal variation of:
A. Wheat
B. Rice
C. Mustard
D. Tomato
✅ Correct Answer: C. Mustard

Question 72:

Molecular marker technology has increased the efficiency of:
A. Mass Selection method
B. Bulk method
C. Backcross method
D. Single Seed Descent method
✅ Correct Answer: C. Backcross method

Question 73:

Recurrent Selection is the method that involves:
A. Crossing of the superior individuals only once
B. Selection in early generation followed by the intercrossing
C. Re-selection of the self-pollinated plants over the generation
D. Hybridization between the distantly related species
✅ Correct Answer: C. Re-selection of the self-pollinated plants over the generation

Question 74:

The Pedigree method utilizes considerable:
A. Natural Selection
B. Random Mating
C. Artificial Selection
D. No Selection
✅ Correct Answer: C. Artificial Selection

Question 75:

GI (Geographical Indication) tag is included in the:
A. Conventional Biology Diversity
B. TRIPS (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) agreement under the WTO
C. Plant Variety Protection Act
D. Seed Act
✅ Correct Answer: B. TRIPS (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) agreement under the WTO

Question 76:

The terms Recon, Muton, and Cistron were given by:
A. Seymour and Benzer
B. Jacob and Monod
C. Watson and Crick
D. Barbara McClintock
✅ Correct Answer: A. Seymour and Benzer

Question 77:

If X1 and X2 are variables affected by a common variable (X3), this is called:
A. Positive correlation
B. Negative correlation
C. Spurious correlation
D. Partial correlation
✅ Correct Answer: C. Spurious correlation

Question 78:

D -square Statistics is:
A. Univariate Statistics
B. Bivariate Statistics
C. Non-parametric Statistics
D. Multivariate Statistics
✅ Correct Answer: D. Multivariate Statistics

Question 79:

The Transcription enzyme is:
A. DNA dependent DNA polymerase
B. RNA dependent RNA polymerase
C. DNA dependent RNA polymerase
D. RNA dependent DNA polymerase (Reverse Transcriptase)
✅ Correct Answer: C. DNA dependent RNA polymerase

Question 80:

Generation Mean Analysis is:
A. First Order Statistics
B. Second Order Statistics
C. Third Order Statistics
D. Zero Order Statistics
✅ Correct Answer: A. First Order Statistics

Question 81:

(L x T)Linkage x Transmission Disequilibrium can be used to estimate:
A. Linkage only
B. Transmission Disequilibrium only
C. QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) effect and location
D. Epistasis
✅ Correct Answer: C. QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) effect and location

Question 82:

Hairy Root Disease is induced by:
A. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
B. Agrobacterium rhizogenes
C. Erwinia
D. Xanthomonas oryzae
✅ Correct Answer: B. Agrobacterium rhizogenes

Question 83:

Elite Derived Varieties (EDVs) are produced from:
A. Pedigree method
B. Polyploidy Breeding
C. Mutation Breeding
D. Hybridization
✅ Correct Answer: A. Pedigree method

Question 84:

The SSR ratio for heterozygotes and homozygotes assuming co-dominance and a single locus with two alleles in a segregating population is:
A. 1:1
B. 2:1
C. 1:2:1
D. 1:1:1
✅ Correct Answer: C. 1:2:1

Question 85:

Coupling and Repulsion were terms introduced by:
A. Mendel
B. Morgan
C. Bateson and Punnett
D. Nilsson-Ehle
✅ Correct Answer: C. Bateson and Punnett

Question 86:

Golden Rice is a commercially developed crop improved by molecular breeding for which grain nutrient?
A. Iron
B. Zinc
C. Vitamin C
D. Beta-carotene
✅ Correct Answer: D. Beta-carotene

Question 87:

NC III (North Carolina Design III) utilizes which population as a base?
A. F1 population
B. Random mating population
C. F2 or backcross population
D. Pure lines
✅ Correct Answer: C. F2 or backcross population

Question 88:

Maize is rich in which amino acid?
A. Tryptophan
B. Methionine
C. Lysine
D. Cysteine
✅ Correct Answer: C. Lysine

Question 89:

The Xa13 gene is located on chromosome number - and xa21 gene is located on chromosome number--
A. 11,6
B. 8,11
C. 1,3
D. 3,1
✅ Correct Answer: B. 8,11

Question 90:

The Law of Homologous Series in Variation was given by:
A. Gregor John Mendel
B. Charles Darwin
C. Nikolai Vavilov
D. J.B.S. Haldane
✅ Correct Answer: C. Nikolai Vavilov

Question 91:

Oryza nivara is a source for resistance to:
A. Bacterial Blight
B. Blast
C. Grassy Stunt Virus
D. Brown Plant Hopper
✅ Correct Answer: C. Grassy Stunt Virus

Question 92:

Programmed Cell Death (PCD) is:
A. Process of cell damage due to stress
B. Random process of cell elimination
C. Genetically regulated process of cell elimination
D. Pathogen induced cell death
✅ Correct Answer: C. Genetically regulated process of cell elimination

Question 93:

Gene Pyramiding involves:
A. Introducing multiple genes into a single variety for different traits
B. Combining two or more major genes for resistance to a single pathogen or pest
C. Stacking genes for herbicide tolerance
D. Using multiple promoters to enhance the gene expression
✅ Correct Answer: B. Combining two or more major genes for resistance to a single pathogen or pest

Question 94:

DNA Polymerase I is a polymerase present in:
A. Eukaryotes
B. Prokaryotes
C. Both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
D. Viruses
✅ Correct Answer: B. Prokaryotes

Question 95:

Pseudodominance occurs in:
A. Deletion
B. Inversion
C. Duplication
D. Translocation
✅ Correct Answer: A. Deletion

Question 96:

The first cultivated artificial intergeneric crop is:
A. Raphanobrassica
B. Pomato
C. Triticale
D. Anledia
✅ Correct Answer: C. Triticale

Question 97:

The dwarf wheat sourcing gene is from which source:
A. Norin 10
B. VRN gene (Vernalization response genes)
C. RhT gene ( Reduced height genes ) Rht 1 and Rht 2
D. Gliadin gene
✅ Correct Answer: C. RhT gene

Question 98:

First studied tetraploid tobacco:
A. Mendel
B. Clausen
C. Morgan
D. McClintock
✅ Correct Answer: B. Clausen

Question 99:

Vara Laxmi is the cross between:
A. Gossypium arboreum and Gossypium herbaceum
B. Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense
C. Gossypium barbadense and Gossypium arboreum
D. Gossypium herbaceum and Gossypium hirsutum
✅ Correct Answer: B. Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense

Question 100:

Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) are the most powerful mapping population for:
A. Pedigree analysis
B. Heritability estimation
C. QTL analysis
D. Linkage analysis
✅ Correct Answer: C. QTL analysis

Question 101:

Primitive cultivars cultivated by farmers over generations are known as:
A. Modern cultivar
B. Absolute cultivar
C. Landraces
D. Mutants
✅ Correct Answer: C. Landraces

Question 102:

How many centers of origin were proposed by Vavilov?
A. 7
B. 8
C. 9
D. 10
✅ Correct Answer: B. 8

Question 103:

Seed collections that are distributed only for regeneration are called:
A. Base collection
B. Active collection
C. Collection
D. Field collection
✅ Correct Answer: A. Base collection

Question 104:

Potato is a modified stem and is called:
A. Bulb
B. Tuber
C. Suckers
D. Corm
✅ Correct Answer: B. Tuber

Question 105:

Protandry occurs in which of the following:
A. Maize
B. Sugar beet
C. Marigold
D. All of the above
✅ Correct Answer: D. All of the above

Question 106:

In case of barley, the chief characteristic is:
A. Chapati making
B. Milling
C. Malting
D. Baking
✅ Correct Answer: C. Malting

Question 107:

Self-pollinated crops increase:
A. Homozygosity
B. Homogenity
C. Heterozygosity
D. Heterogenity
✅ Correct Answer: A. Homozygosity

Question 108:

Pigeonpea has the chromosome number:
A. 14
B. 22
C. 28
D. 56
✅ Correct Answer: B. 22

Question 109:

Dominance hypothesis was given by:
A. Mather
B. East and Shull
C. Jones
D. Davenport
✅ Correct Answer: B. East and Shull

Question 110:

The term Horizontal Resistance given by:
A. Browning
B. Flor
C. Vander Plank
D. Marshall
✅ Correct Answer: C. Vander Plank

Question 111:

The Barley mutant variety developed by mutation breeding is Notch resistant to:
A. Rust
B. Smut
C. Powdery Mildew
D. Covered Smut
✅ Correct Answer: C. Powdery Mildew

Question 112:

Physical mapping of chromosome uses unit:
A. Centimorgan
B. Recombination Unit
C. Base pairs, Kilobase pair, Megabase pair
F. Linkage Groups
✅ Correct Answer: C. Base pairs, D. Kilobase pair, E. Megabase pair

Question 113:

The first organism genome sequenced was:
A. E. coli
B. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast)
C. Caenorhabditis elegans (nematode)
D. Haemophilus influenzae (bacteria)
✅ Correct Answer: D. Haemophilus influenzae

Question 114:

Mendel's universally accepted law:
A. Law of Dominance and Law of Segregation
B. Law of Independent Assortment and Law of Dominance
C. Law of Segregation
D. Law of Unit Characters and Law of Segregation
✅ Correct Answer: C. Law of Segregation

Question 115:

Physical mapping of gene can be done with the help of:
A. Genetic crosses
B. Only cytological techniques
C. Restriction enzyme DNA sequencing and various molecular markers
D. Only pedigree analysis
✅ Correct Answer: C. Restriction enzyme DNA sequencing and various molecular markers

Question 116:

Telomeres can be seen at the end of chromosome during various stages of the cell cycle, particularly well defined in:
A. Prophase
B. Anaphase
C. Metaphase
D. Telophase
✅ Correct Answer: C. Metaphase

Question 117:

A balanced translocation where no genetic material is lost or gained produces:
A. Only sterile gametes
B. Only gametes with duplication or deletion
C. Fertile gametes
D. Only aneuploid gametes
✅ Correct Answer: C. Fertile gametes

Question 118:

Robertsonian translocation is a specific type of:
A. Inversion
B. Deletion
C. Chromosome rearrangement
D. Gene mutation
✅ Correct Answer: C. Chromosome rearrangement

Question 119:

Breeders use for seed collection:
A. Base collection
B. Working collection
C. Active collection
D. All of the above
✅ Correct Answer: B. Working collection

Question 120:

Horizontal resistance also known as race non-specific resistance provides protection against the:
A. Single race of the pathogen
B. Broad range of pathogen races
C. Specific biotype insects
D. Single strain of virus
✅ Correct Answer: B. Broad range of pathogen races

Question 121:

Hypersensitive Response (HR) is a localized defense mechanism in a plant characterized by:
A. Systemic resistance through the plant
B. In growth and infection site
C. Rapid cell death at the site of pathogen infection
D. Production of antibodies
✅ Correct Answer: C. Rapid cell death at the site of pathogen infection

Question 122:

Tocopherol (Vitamin E) are present in oil:
A. Pigments
B. Carbohydrates
C. Antioxidants
D. Fatty acids
✅ Correct Answer: C. Antioxidants

Question 123:

Stress hormone is:
A. Gibberellin
B. Auxin
C. Abscisic acid
D. Cytokinin
✅ Correct Answer: C. Abscisic acid

Question 124:

In case of disease, score zero indicates:
A. Lack of disease symptom
B. Resistance
C. Lack of contact
D. Lack of pathogen production
✅ Correct Answer: B. Resistance

Question 125:

Donald in 1968 proposed ideotype in the crop:
A. Maize
B. Rice
C. Wheat
D. Sorghum
✅ Correct Answer: C. Wheat

Question 126:

Single cell pollinated homozygous plants is called:
A. Multiline
B. Pure line
C. Isogenic line
D. Inbred line
✅ Correct Answer: B. Pure line

Question 127:

________Method used for development of the isogenic line:
A. Multiline
B. Bulk
C) Backcross
D) Mass Selection

✅ Correct Answer: Backcross method

Question 128:

Poly cross test is most useful in:
A. Cleistogamous crop
B. Clonal crop
C. Apomictic
D. Crosspollinated crops

✅ Correct Answer: C. Cross-pollinated crop

Question 129:

The cross between inbred and open pollinated variety is called:
A. Single cross
B. Polycross
C. Multicross
D. Top cross

✅ Correct Answer: D. Top cross

Question 130:

Adverse effect of host plant on development of insect pest which feed on plant is called:
A. Antibiosis
B. Anti-genosis
C. Non-preference
D. Tolerance
✅ Correct Answer: A. Antibiosis

Question 131:

For correction of defects in a popular variety, method used:
A. Bulk method
B. Backcross method
C. Pedigree method
D. Pure lines
✅ Correct Answer: B. Backcross method

Question 132:

Is an example of primary introduction:
A. Kalyan Sona
B. Sonalika
C. Sona 64
D. Jaya
✅ Correct Answer: D. Jaya

Question 133:

Source of Cytoplasmic Male Sterile gene in Sorghum:
A. Tift 23 A
B. Milo
C. Kafir 60
D. CMS-T

✅ Correct Answer: Kafir 60

Question 134:

Ear to row method in maize is given by:
A. Lonquist
B. Hopkins
C) Jones
D) Jenkins

✅ Correct Answer: Hopkins

Question 135:

The concentration of ______ increases when the plants are exposed to drought condition:
A. Proline
B. Auxin
C. Gibberellin
D. Cytokinin
✅ Correct Answer: A. Proline

Question 136:

Source of dwarfing gene in rice is from which country:
A. Japan
B. Taiwan
C. India
D. Philippines
✅ Correct Answer: B. Taiwan

Question 137:

The difference between population mean and mean of selected plants is known as:
A. Genetic Advance
B. Selection Differential
C. Heritability
D. Directional Selection
✅ Correct Answer: B. Selection Differential

Question 138:

Which method is also known as evolutionary method of plant breeding:
A. Bulk method
B. Backcross method
C. Pedigree method
D. Pure line method
✅ Correct Answer: A. Bulk method

Question 139:

Wheat variety MLKS 11 was developed by the mixing of seed of how many isogenic lines:
A. 5
B. 7
C. 8
D. 9

✅ Correct Answer: Eight

Question 140:

Which is most widely used for rapid isolation of homozygous line:
A. SSD (Single Seed Descent)
B. Double Haploid
C. Cytogenesis
D. Bulk method
✅ Correct Answer: B. Double Haploid

Question 141:

Selection for simple inherited trait starts from which generation:
A. F2
B. F3
C. F4
D. F5
✅ Correct Answer: A. F2

Question 142:
Genetic variation in clone may arise due to:
A. Segregation and recombination
B. Mechanical mixture
C. Somatic mutation
D. All of the above
✅ Correct Answer: C. Somatic mutation

Question 143:
The term Nobilization is related to which crop:
A. Sugar beet
B. Potato
C. Ginger
D. Sugarcane
✅ Correct Answer: D. Sugarcane

Question 144:
Term Heterosis is coined by:
A. East
B. Jones
C. Shull
D. Davenport
✅ Correct Answer: Shull

Question 145:
Which of the following is the most important stage for disease escape:
A. Contact
B. Infection
C. Establishment
D. Reproduction
✅ Correct Answer: B. Infection

Question 146:
Which plant part is used for the mutagen treatment:
A. Seed
B. Pollen grain
C. Vegetative propagules
D. All of the above
✅ Correct Answer: D. All of the above

Question 147:
Totipotency is the feature of which of the following:
A. Plant cell
B. Animal cell
C. Cancer cell
D. All of the above
✅ Correct Answer: A. Plant cell

Question 148:
Polyploidy is induced through:
A. Irradiation
B. Mutagen chemical
C. Ethylene
D. Colchicine
✅ Correct Answer: D. Colchicine

Question 149:
Somatic hybridization is achieved through:
A. Grafting
B. Conjugation
C. Protoplast fusion
D. Recombinant DNA technology
✅ Correct Answer: C. Protoplast fusion

Question 150:
Bagging is done to:
A. Avoid cross pollination
B. Avoid self pollination
C. Achieve desired pollination
D. Prevent contamination from foreign pollen
✅ Correct Answer: D. Prevent contamination from foreign pollen

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