Hybrid Rice Development: Using GMS (Genetic Male Sterility) and CGMS (Cytoplasmic Genetic Male Sterility) lines.
Pusa Jai Kisan (Mustard Hybrid Variety): Also called Bio 902.
First Hybrid Exploitation: In maize.
Hybrid Pearl Millet Varieties: HB-1 to 5, Pusa 23.
Hydraulic Sprayer Function: Operates by compressing liquid.
Hydrogen Sulfide Injury Resistance in Soil: Higher in iron-rich soil.
Rice Hydrothermal Process Saving Vitamin B12: Parboiling.
Hygrometer Usage: Measures humidity.
Horizontal Water Flow in Irrigation: Known as seepage.
Horizontal Air Movement: Called wind.
Meiosis Daughter Cells: Four.
Mitosis Daughter Cells: Two.
Types of Cells: Eukaryote and Prokaryote.
Strip Plot Design Error Variance: Three.
Human Chromosome Pairs: 23.
Nursery Area for 1 Hectare of Paddy: 1000 square meters.
Sugar in Ripe Banana: 14 grams.
Water Content in Watermelon: 90-95%.
Nek Chand’s Rock Garden is located in Chandigarh.
The nematode and bacterial wilt-resistant variety of tomato is Arka Vardan.
The National Food Security Mission started in rabi 2007.
Instruments used for measuring root pressure are manometers.
The National Horticulture Mission was initiated in 2005-06.
The National Institute of Agricultural Marketing is located in Jaipur, Rajasthan.
The National Project on Management of Soil Health & Fertility (NPMSF) was introduced in 2008-09.
The National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA) is located in Hyderabad.
The National Research Centre for Agroforestry is situated in Jhansi (established in 1988).
The National Seed Corporation (NSC) was established in 1963.
The National Seed Rules (NSR) were started in 1968.
Instruments used for measuring the duration of sunshine are Campbell Stokes recorders.
The national tree of India is the banyan tree (Ficus benghalensis).
The natural genetic engineer is Agrobacterium.
NH4 fixation is more prevalent in montmorillonite.
Nicotiana rustica is grown for hookah, chewing, and snuff.
Nicotiana tabacum is grown for smoking and chewing.
Nicotine content in tobacco ranges from 0.5% to 5.5% (N. tabacum) and 3.5% to 8.0% (N. rustica).
Nicotine accumulates in the leaves of tobacco.
‘Nidhi’ and ‘Sreedhara’ are varieties of coleus.
The Nilokheri project is associated with S.K. Dey.
Nipping practice is done in gram cultivation.
Nitrate levels in drinking water above 10 mg per litre are considered a human health hazard.
Nitrification inhibitors inhibit Nitrosomonas.
Nitrification is reduced in arid conditions.
Nitrogen availability in cooler regions is less.
Maize protein is called zein.
Nematodes in citrus crops are controlled by Nemagon.
Nematodes penetrate plant tissue with a buccal stylet.
The net gain of ATP during glycolysis is 2.
The net gain of ATP synthesis from one molecule of glucose in respiration is 36 ATP.
Net income refers to gross returns.
Net worth is calculated from the balance sheet.
Neutral fertilizer, also called Kishan khad, is calcium ammonium nitrate (26% N).
The neutralizing value of calcium carbonate is 100.
The neutralizing power of hydrated lime is 136.
The neutralizing value of dolomite is 109.
Newcastle disease is caused by a virus.
New leaves show deficiency symptoms of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and sulfur (S).
Newly formed alluvial soil is called khadar.
Nitrogen use efficiency in rice is around 30-40%.
Nitrogenous fertilizer can be top-dressed in cotton up to the first flowering.
Njallani is known as a wonder variety of cardamom.
The number one processing vegetable is tomato.
In the rag doll method of testing germination, normally 100 seeds are used.
Nodule formation in soybean is done by Rhizobium japonicum.
Non-leguminous nitrogen-fixing trees include Alnus nepalensis.
Non-reducing type sugar is sucrose.
Non-renewable resources include minerals and fossil fuels.
Non-projected visual aids include posters, charts, flashcards, bulletin boards, photographs, etc.
The normal date of commencement of the South-West monsoon in India is June 1st.
Normal rainwater is slightly acidic with a pH of about 5.6.
Normally, rice plants are transplanted at the 3-4 leaf stage.
Nitrogen-containing organic compounds form amines and ammonia.
Nitrogen content in groundnut cake is 7.3%.
A nitrogen-fixing tree is Leucaena leucocephala.
Nitrogen present in sodium nitrate is 16%.
Nitrogen present in ammonium sulfate nitrate is 26%.
Nitrogen present in ammonium chloride is 24%.
Nitrogen present in ammonium nitrate is 33-34%.
Nitrogen present in ammonium phosphate is 16%.
Nitrogen present in ammonium sulfate is 20.6%.
Nitrogen present in anhydrous ammonia is 81%.
Nitrogen present in calcium cyanide is 21%.
Nitrogen present in calcium nitrate is 15.5%.
Nitrogen present in CAN (calcium ammonium nitrate) is 26%.
Nitrogen present in urea is 46%.
NRY means Nehru Rozgar Yojana.
Nucleic acids were first discovered by Friedrich Miescher in 1868.
Nullisomic refers to 2n-2.
The sowing time of wheat is typically from 15 Nov. to 20 Nov. in most regions of India. This timing is crucial for optimal growth.
The spacing of row to row in wheat cultivation is generally 22.5 cm. This spacing helps in maximizing light interception and reducing competition.
The most critical stage for irrigation in wheat is the C.R.I. (Critical Reproductive Irrigation) stage. Proper irrigation at this stage is essential for achieving high yields.
The C.R.I. stage occurs approximately 30-40 days after sowing. This stage is critical for grain filling and kernel development.
The gene responsible for dwarfness in wheat is Norin 10. This gene is important for producing shorter plants that resist lodging and improve yield stability.
An important mimicry weed of wheat is Phalaris minor. This weed competes with wheat for resources and can significantly reduce yields.
Common bread wheat is known scientifically as Triticum aestivum. This species is widely grown for its grain and is a staple food source.
The flowering portion of wheat is called the ear, head, or spike. This structure contains the flowers and subsequently develops into grain.
The test weight of wheat is approximately 40 grams per 1000 seeds. This metric is an indicator of grain quality.
The shelling percentage of wheat is about 60%. This percentage represents the ratio of the grain yield to the total harvested weight.
Triticum spherococcum is also known as Indian dwarf wheat or club wheat. This variety is adapted to specific growing conditions in India.
The central zigzag axis of the wheat grain is referred to as the rachis. This structure connects the spikelets on the ear.
Triple gene dwarf varieties of wheat were released in the year 1970. These varieties contributed to the Green Revolution.
Milking stage This irrigation schedule ensures adequate water supply during critical growth periods.
Seminal roots are considered temporary roots. They develop from the seed and help anchor the plant during early growth.
The fruit type of wheat is called caryopsis. This is a dry, single-seeded fruit where the seed is fused with the fruit wall.
The first man-made cereal is triticale, which is a hybrid cereal grain. It combines desirable traits from both wheat and rye.
Triticale is the result of a cross between wheat (Triticum) and rye (Secale). This hybrid aims to combine the yield potential of wheat with the disease resistance of rye.
The temperature for germination of wheat seed is typically between 20-25°C. This temperature range is optimal for seed activation and sprouting.
The protein content in wheat generally ranges from 8-11%. This protein is crucial for the nutritional quality of wheat-based products.
Triticum aestivum is classified as a hexaploid type of wheat. It has six sets of chromosomes, which contributes to its genetic diversity and adaptability.
The seed bed for gram should be rough. A rough seed bed helps in better seed placement and enhances moisture retention.
The fruit of gram is known as a pod. Each pod contains one or more seeds, which are the edible part of the plant.
The spacing for gram cultivation is typically 30 x 10 cm. This spacing allows sufficient room for plant growth and air circulation.
The protein content in gram is approximately 21%. This high protein content makes gram (chickpea) a valuable food source.
Gram is classified as a rabi crop, which means it is sown in the winter season and harvested in the spring.
Notable varieties of gram developed by IARI (Indian Agricultural Research Institute) include Pusa 209 and BG 203. These varieties are bred for improved yield and disease resistance.
The critical stages for irrigation in gram cultivation are during the pre-flowering and pod developing stages. Adequate water supply at these times is essential for optimal pod formation and yield.
The botanical name of arhar (pigeon pea) is Cajanus cajan. This legume is widely cultivated for its edible seeds.
The origin of arhar is believed to be South Africa. It is now grown in many tropical and subtropical regions worldwide.
The temperature for germination of arhar seeds is typically between 30-35°C. This warm temperature promotes seed activation and sprouting.
The temperature for optimal growth of arhar is generally between 20-25°C. This range supports healthy vegetative and reproductive development.
The sowing time of arhar is usually around 15 June in India, aligning with the onset of the monsoon season.
The spacing for arhar is generally 60 x 15 cm. This wider spacing allows for adequate growth and sunlight penetration.
The proportion of seeds to pods in arhar is typically around 50-60%. This ratio influences the overall yield of the crop.
The highest production of arhar in India is found in the state of Uttar Pradesh. This state is a major contributor to the country’s pigeon pea production.
The highest productivity for arhar in India is reported in the state of Bihar. This indicates successful cultivation practices in the region.
Early maturing varieties of arhar include Prabhat and UPAS 120. These varieties are favored for their quick growth cycle.
The harvest index of arhar is around 19%, which is considered very low. This indicates a relatively small proportion of the plant's biomass is converted into grain.
The hybrid variety of arhar released by ICRISAT (International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics) is ICPH-8. This hybrid is known for its high yield potential.
The protein content in arhar is approximately 25%. This high protein level makes it a valuable source of nutrition.
The arrowing stage in sugarcane typically occurs 300-350 days after planting. This is the period when the inflorescence starts to develop, indicating the plant's transition towards maturity.
The state with the highest number of sugar mills in India is Uttar Pradesh, with 105 mills. This state is a major hub for sugarcane cultivation and sugar production.
In sugarcane, the upper one-third part is used for sowing due to its high nitrogenous substances and glucose, which promote better germination and early growth of the plant.
The state with the highest sugar production per unit area is Maharashtra. This indicates effective cultivation practices and favorable climatic conditions.
A higher dose of nitrogen in sugarcane cultivation can lead to a decrease in sucrose content. This is important for growers to balance nutrient application for optimal sugar production.
The most critical stage for irrigation in sugarcane is the formative stage. Adequate water during this phase is essential for proper growth and development.
The formative stage of sugarcane typically occurs 60-130 days after planting. This period is crucial for establishing the plant and maximizing yield potential.
The most popular planting method for sugarcane in North India is flat bed planting. This method allows for better moisture retention and ease of management.
A Brix reading of 16-18% is considered ideal for assessing the proper maturity of sugarcane. This measurement indicates the sugar concentration in the juice.
The jaggery extracted from sugarcane juice typically contains 9-10% sucrose. This traditional sweetener is made by evaporating the juice.
The sucrose content in sugarcane can range from 13-24%. Higher sucrose levels are desirable for sugar production.
The sugar content extracted from juice is usually around 6-10%. This percentage can vary based on several factors, including cane variety and maturity.
Saline soils are considered unsuitable for sugarcane cultivation. These soils negatively affect plant growth and sugar yield.
Noble cane refers to Saccharum officinarum. This species is commonly used for sugar production and is known for its high sugar content.
Adsali sugarcane is typically planted in June-July. This timing aligns with the monsoon season, which provides necessary moisture for establishment.
The duration of adsali sugarcane cultivation is approximately 18 months. This long growth period allows the plants to mature fully and maximize yield.
A Brix meter is used for measuring the maturity of sugarcane. This instrument assesses the sugar content in the juice.
The state with the largest area and production of sugarcane is Uttar Pradesh. This state is a leading contributor to India's sugar industry.
The state with the highest productivity of sugarcane is Tamil Nadu. This indicates effective agricultural practices and favorable conditions.
The seed rate for 3-budded sets of sugarcane is 25,000 to 30,000 sets per hectare. This is a common practice for optimizing plant population.
The seed rate for 2-budded sets is typically 45,000 to 50,000 sets per hectare. This ensures adequate plant density for good yield.
The seed rate for single-budded sets in sugarcane is around 1,25,000 sets per hectare. This method allows for maximum plant establishment.
The origin of sugarcane is attributed to India. This region is one of the primary centers for sugarcane cultivation and domestication.
Set roots in sugarcane are classified as temporary roots. These roots develop from the nodes of the cane and are important for initial plant establishment.
The temperature required for the grand phase in sugarcane growth is around 70°F (approximately 21°C). This temperature is crucial for optimal development during the maturation process.
Earthing up in sugarcane cultivation should be done in the month of June-July. This practice helps in improving soil structure and providing support to the growing plants.
Tying of sugarcane plants is typically done in August. This is when the plants are sufficiently tall and need support to prevent lodging.
The sowing time for the Eksali crop (a variety of sugarcane) is during January-February in South India. This timing aligns with the climatic conditions for successful growth.
The Wonder cane refers to the variety COC-671, known for its high sugar percentage. This variety is favored for its sugar yield.
The chemical used as a sugarcane ripener is glyphosate. This herbicide helps accelerate the ripening process, leading to higher sucrose content.
The recommended spacing of row to row in sugarcane cultivation is 90 cm. Proper spacing ensures adequate light and air circulation for the plants.
The wild type cane is known as Sorghum spontaneum. This species is a progenitor of cultivated sugarcane and can be found in various regions.
The family of sugarcane is Gramineae (also known as Poaceae). This family includes grasses, cereals, and other important crops.
Burning of canes is done to improve sucrose and juice quality. This practice helps remove extraneous materials and increases the concentration of sugars in the juice.
India holds the first position in the production of sugarcane and sugar in the world.
Punjab is known as India’s Bread Basket.
India’s first agricultural university was started in 1960 at Pantnagar.
India ranks 2nd globally in agricultural production.
India ranks 4th in the production of natural rubber.
India's share in the world production of mango is about 54%.
The Indian Cardamom Research Institute is located at Myladumpara, Idukki.
The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) was established on July 16, 1929, based on the Royal Commission of 1928.
In which garden is the arrangement of rocks a main feature? Japanese garden.
In the triangle planting system, a tree is planted on a corner of each angle.
Crossing over takes place in the pachytene stage.
The Government of India passed the National Seed Corporation in 1963.
The National Seed Policy was announced in 2002.
Susceptibility refers to a plant's inability to resist the effect of a pathogen.
Dormancy is the inability of freshly harvested seeds to germinate for a period of time.
Inbred lines will lead to 10 single crosses.
Income tax is an example of a direct tax.
The IW/CPE ratio of safflower is 0.4 (lowest).
An increase in money supply and a fall in production causes inflation.
Increased fruit size in grapes is due to the application of GA3.
Indica rice is grown in India.
Indira Gandhi Agricultural University started in 1987.
INDOFIL M45 is the trade name of Mancozeb.
Indu is a popular variety of ash gourd (Benincasa hispida).
Infiltration rate is relatively higher in sandy soil.
The inflection point is found in the irrational zone.
The IW/CPE ratio of 0.6 is applicable to gram, groundnut, and pigeonpea.
The initial distinguishing character for identification of Phalaris minor is that its basal node is pink up to 50 days.
Air layering is a method where the rooting medium is taken to the branches.
Inorganic acids like sulphuric acid and nitric acid are potent suppliers of hydrogen ions in the soil.
Inorganic matter comprises 45% of soil.
Insect pests belong to the phylum Arthropoda.
The insecticidal properties of BHC were discovered by Dupire.
Indian dwarf/club wheat is T. spherococum (2n= 28).
Indian Farmers’ Fertilizer Cooperative is known as IFFCO.
The Indian Forest Act came into existence in 1927.
The Indian geostationary satellite used to take cloud pictures is Insat 2-A.
The Indian Institute of Pulses Research is located at Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh.
The Indian Institute of Spices Research is located at Kozhikode (Kerala).
The Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research (IISR) is situated at Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh.
The Indian Institute of Vegetable Research is located in Varanasi, UP.
Pusa Majesty is a gynodioecious variety.
The Indian Meteorological Organization (IMD) was established in Pune in 1932.
The IW/CPE ratio of cotton is 0.7.
The IW/CPE ratio of 0.9 is applicable to wheat and maize.
Indian/old world cottons include Gossypium arboreum and G. herbaceum.
The instrument used for estimating ET under field conditions is a can evaporimeter.
The instrument used for measuring the concentration of ozone in the air is an ozonometer.
The instrument used for measuring the duration of solar radiation is a sunshine recorder.
The instrument used for measuring the intensity of solar radiation is a luxmeter.
The instrument used for measuring relative humidity in the crop field is a psychrometer.
The instrument used for measuring wind direction is a wind vane.
The instrument used for measuring wind velocity is an anemometer.
The instrument used for soil collection in wetlands is a soil auger.
The most poisonous pollutant in water is arsenic.
The Intensive Agriculture Development Programme (IADP) was launched in July 1960.
Interculture operations in groundnut crops should be avoided at the pegging stage.
Internal fruit necrosis is due to boron deficiency.
The insecticidal properties of DDT were discovered by Dr. Paul Muller in 1939.
The Insecticide Act was introduced in 1968.
Insecticide dust carriers have a particle size of 1-40 microns.
DDT is the insecticide found in the fat tissue of milch animals.
Azadirachtin is an insecticide of plant origin.
Insecticide rules came into force in 1971.
Endosulfan was widely used as an insecticide in cashew.
Insecticides used in gaseous forms are called fumigants.
Insects belong to the class Insecta/Hexapoda.
Insects have six legs.
Insects have one or two pairs of wings.
The full form of DARE is the Department of Agricultural Research and Education.
Instruments to measure relative humidity include psychrometers and hygrometers.
Formal gardens contain symmetry and geometry.
Inverted ‘T’ budding is observed in roses.
In vitro culture of plant cells, tissues, and organs under aseptic conditions is known as plant tissue culture.
The IRDP was implemented in 1980.
The Irish Famine was due to late blight of potato caused by Phytophthora infestans.
IRMA (Institute of Rural Management in Agriculture) is located at Anand, Gujarat.
Irregular shape is the nature of informal gardens.
The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) is located in Manila, Philippines.
Irrigation is applied to the crop at the 50% soil moisture depletion stage.
The irrigation method suitable for lowland rice is flooding.
The irrigation method suitable for undulating land, sandy soils, and vegetable and fruit crops is the sprinkler method.
An irrigation project covering less than 2,000 hectares of CCA is classified as a minor irrigation project.
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