General agriculture Pointers 101 ✓

  

•  The state having maximum groundnut production is Gujarat.
• The state having minimum literacy is Bihar.
• In groundnut, bitterness of the kernel is due to Aflatoxin.
• Earthing-up is done in the groundnut crop at 35-45 DAS.
• The state where the maximum number of people live below the poverty line is Uttar Pradesh.
• The state where the minimum number of people live below the poverty line is Punjab.
• The technique of reducing the size of replication over a number of blocks at the cost of losing some information on the same effect is called Confounding Design.
• The temperature at which the highest percentage of seed germination occurs in a short period of time is referred to as Optimum temperature.
• The term “Extension education” was first used by Cambridge University, England (1873).
• The term “Extension education” originated from England (1866).
• The term “Green Revolution” was first used in 1968 by former USAID director William Gaud.
• The term ‘Agriculture’ was derived from two Latin words: Ager and Cultura.
• The term ‘Biotechnology’ was coined by Karl Ereky (1919).
• The term ‘Endoplasmic reticulum’ was coined by Porter (1948).
• The term ‘Enzyme’ was given by W. Kuhne (1867).
• The term ‘Extension’ has originated from Latin roots.
• The term ‘Extension’ originated in UK (1966).
• The study of the association or degree and deviation between two or more variables is called Correlation.
• The critical stage for irrigation in rapeseed and mustard is at the Rosette stage and Siliqua formation stage.
• The lint index is defined as Lint index = Weight of 100 cotton seed / 100 x Ginning%.
• Ginning percentage is calculated as Ginning percentage = Weight of lint / Weight of seed cotton x 100.
• The surface tension of water at 25°C is 72.7 dyne/cm².
• The sweetest maize species is Zea mays saccharata (Sweet corn).
• The systems with lower pressure at the center are known as a Cyclone.
• The flower color of bottle gourd is White.
• The flower color of okra is Yellow.
• The flower color of pumpkin is Yellow.
• The inflorescence of sugarcane is called Arrow.
• The tax levied on goods or services produced or purchased is known as an Indirect tax.
• The crop most suitable for alkaline and waterlogged soil is Sunhemp.
• The test that has self-purification capacity of a water body is the BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) test.
• The tillage that aims to reduce tillage to the minimum necessary for ensuring a good seedbed, rapid germination, satisfactory stands, and favorable growing conditions is called Minimum tillage.
• The tillage implement used to break subsoil is the Chisel plough.
• The tillage implement most suitable for rice cultivation is the Power tiller.
• The tillage operation mainly aims to break, open, and turn the soil is called Primary tillage.
• The tillage operation done to create a good seedbed for proper seeding/planting is known as Secondary tillage.
• The tillage referred to as no-tillage, in which the crop is planted in unprepared soil, is called Zero tillage.
• The tobacco solution stock prepared with 500 gm tobacco, 120 g soap, and 4.5 l water is diluted 6-7 times for spraying.
• The total cost of production, which includes all cost items, actual as well as imputed, is referred to as Cost C.
• The term ‘Horticulture’ is derived from a Latin word.
• The term ‘Kurtosis’ was introduced by Karl Pearson (1906).
• The term ‘Monsoon’ was derived from the Arabic word MAUSAM, meaning season.
• The term ‘Pomology’ is derived from a Latin word.
• The term ‘Protein’ was coined by Moulder (1840).
• The term “Genomics” was coined by Thomas Roderick (1986).
• The term “primary centres of origin” was proposed by Vavilov.
• The term ecology was introduced by Hackel.
• The term Extension Education was first used in 1873.
• The term Lysosome was first used by Dave (1955).
• The term monsoon was derived from the Arabic word “Mausam,” meaning Season.
• The term used to denote the chance of happening or not happening of an event is Probability.
• The term used to refer to the weight of all the organisms at a tropical level is called Biomass.
• The type of root system in chickpea is a Tap root system.
• The type of seed germination in pigeon pea is Hypogeal.
• The types of stomata mostly present on the lower surface of leaves are Potato type.
• The ultimate irrigation potential of India is 113.5 million ha.
• The ginning percentage of American cotton is 18-20%.
• The uniformly accepted ways of acting about some social aspects of life are known as Custom.
• The unit for measuring the rate of solar radiation is Langley.
• The unit in which mutation occurs is called a Muton.
• The unit of energy is the Joule.
• The clouds responsible for rain are Nimbostratus.
• Water with a Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) value of >10 is harmful to crops.
• Canker nodules are mostly found in Red Soil.
• The total depth of water (cm) required by a crop during its duration in the field is called Delta.
• The total root parasitic weed of Tobacco is Orobanche spp..
• The Total Soluble Salts (TSS) of soil are estimated using a Standard Conductivity Meter.
• The total stem parasitic weed of Lucerne is Cuscuta spp..
• The trade name of the pesticide ‘zolone’ is Phosalone.
• The transformation required when data do not follow normal distribution is Data transformation.
• The ginning percentage in desi cotton is 36-42%.
• The transport of bees from one place to another for foraging purposes is known as Migration.
• The tuber-borne disease of potato is Black scurf (Rhizoctonia solani).
• The type of credit required for paddy cultivation is a Short Term Loan.
• Endosulfan is a chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide widely used in agriculture.
• Aldicarb (Temik) and Carbaryl are classified as carbamates and their thio salts, used for pest control.
• Ceresan and Aretan are types of organomercurial fungicides used to protect seeds from fungal infections.
• The title Father of Extension is attributed to Leagnes for his contributions to agricultural extension services.
• The concept of model villages was introduced by Deniel Hamilton in 1903 to promote rural development.
• The Rural Reconstruction Institute was established at Shanti Niketan in 1921 to address rural issues.
• The Marathandan project was initiated by Spencer Hatch in 1921 to improve agricultural practices.
• The Gurgaon experiment was conducted by F.L. Brayne in 1921 to study rural development strategies.
• The Sevagram project was started by Mahatma Gandhi in 1929 as a model for rural self-sufficiency.
• The Indian Village Service was established by A.T. Moscher and B.N. Gupta to enhance rural livelihoods.
• The Firka Development Scheme was initiated by T. Prakashan in 1946 to promote integrated rural development.
• Mazdoor Manzil, established by S.K. Dey in 1947, aimed to improve the conditions of laborers.
• The Grow More Food Campaign was launched in 1948 to increase food production in India.
• The Etawah pilot project, initiated by Albert Mayer in 1948, focused on rural development through community participation.
• The Grow More Food Campaign Enquiry Committee was formed in 1952 to assess the campaign's impact.
• The Community Development Project (CDP) was started in 1952 to promote self-reliance in rural areas.
• The National Extension Service (NES) was launched in 1953 to enhance agricultural extension activities.
• The Panchayati Raj system was initiated in 1957-58 to decentralize governance in rural areas.
• Rajasthan was the first state to adopt the Panchayati Raj system in India.
• The Intensive Agricultural District Programme (IADP) was launched in 1960 to boost agricultural productivity.
• The Intensive Agricultural Area Programme (IAAP) was started in 1964 to focus on high-potential agricultural regions.
• The Intensive Cattle Development Project (ICDP) was initiated in 1964 to improve cattle productivity and health.
• The High Yielding Varieties Programme was launched in 1966 to promote the use of high-yielding crop varieties in agriculture.
• The Multiple Cropping Programme (MCP) was launched in 1966 to promote increased cropping intensity.
• The Minikit Programme for Rice (MKP) was initiated in 1971 to enhance rice production through the distribution of quality seeds.
• The Small Farmer’s Development Agency (SFDA) was established in 1970 to support the development of small farmers.
• The Marginal Farmers and Agricultural Laborers Programme (MFAL) was started in 1970 to assist marginal farmers and agricultural laborers.
• The Drought Prone Area Programme (DPAP) was initiated in 1970 to address the issues of drought-affected areas.
• The Minimum Needs Programme (MNP) was launched in 1972 to improve basic services and infrastructure in rural areas.
• The Training and Visit Programme (T & V) was initiated by Daniel Borner in 1974 to enhance agricultural extension services.
• Rajasthan was the first state in India to adopt the Training and Visit (T & V) system.
• The Kisan Vikas Kendra (K.V.K.) was recommended by the Mohan Singh Mehta Committee in 1974 to promote agricultural extension.
• The first K.V.K. was established by TNAU at Pondicherry in 1974 to support farmer training.
• The Command Area Development Programme (CAD) was initiated in 1974 to improve irrigation efficiency and agricultural productivity.
• The Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) was started in 1979 to promote self-reliance among rural poor.
• The Training Rural Youth for Self Employment (TRYSEM) scheme was implemented in 1976 to empower rural youth.
• The National Rural Employment Programme (NREP) was launched in 1980 to provide employment in rural areas.
• The National Agricultural Research Project (NARP) was started in 1980 to enhance agricultural research and development.
• The National Agricultural Extension Project (NAEP) was initiated in 1983 to improve agricultural extension services.
• The Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEP) was launched in 1983 to provide guaranteed employment to the landless.
• The Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY) was launched on 28th April 1989 to provide wage employment in rural areas.
• The Institute Village Linkage Programme (IVLP) was initiated in 1994 to strengthen the linkages between research and rural development.
• The Mahila Samrudhi Yojana (MSY) was launched in 1993 to promote women's empowerment through self-help groups.
• The Prime Minister Rozgar Yojana (PMRY) was initiated in 1994 to provide self-employment opportunities for youth.
• The National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP) was launched in 1999 to promote sustainable agricultural technology.
• The Jawahar Gram Samrudhi Yojana (JGSY) was launched in 1999 to enhance the livelihood of rural households.
• The Swaran Jayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY) was initiated in 1999 to promote self-employment among rural poor.
• The IRDP, TRYSEM, DWCRA, and SITRA were merged into the SGSY programme.
• The Lab to Land Programme started on 1st June 1979 to facilitate the application of research in agriculture.
• The integration of all programmes in K.V.K. was planned from 1st April 1992 to enhance effectiveness.
• The first Agriculture University was established in 1960 in Uttarakhand (GB Pant University).
• MANAGE (National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management) was established in 1986 in Hyderabad.
• The Royal Commission on Agriculture was established in 1928 to assess agricultural practices in India.
• The Fiscal Commission was constituted in 1949 to review financial relations between the Union and State governments.
• The Land Care Programme was launched in 1990 in Australia to promote sustainable land management.
• The National Service Scheme (N.S.S.) was initiated in 1969 to promote social service among students.
• The first rural youth programme of India, Sri Niketan, was launched in 1920 to empower rural youth.
• The Indira Mahila Yojana was started in 1995 to support women's self-help groups in rural areas.
• The National Extension Service (NES) was established in 1953 to enhance agricultural extension activities.
• The Pilot Project for Tribal Development (PPTD) was initiated in 1972-73 to support tribal communities.
• The Antyodaya Yojana was started on 2nd October 1977 to improve the living standards of the poorest of the poor.
• The National Seed Corporation (NSC) was founded in 1963 in Delhi to ensure the availability of quality seeds.
• The Drought Prone Area Programme (DPAP) was initiated in 1970-71 in Pant Nagar to address drought conditions.
• The Indian Society of Agronomy was established in 1955 to promote agronomy research and education.
• The Indian Society of Soil Science was founded in 1934 to advance soil science research in India.
• The first Department of Agriculture was established in 1881 to oversee agricultural practices and policies.
• The first Irrigation Commission was appointed in 1901 to address irrigation issues in India.