General agriculture Pointers 41 ✓

 

•  The most serious smut affecting sorghum is Grain smut.
• The most suitable irrigation method for groundnut is the Check basin method.
• The tension at field capacity ranges from -0.1 to -0.33 Atm.
• The concept of the Permanent Wilting Point (PWP) was proposed by Briggs and Shantz (1912).
• Tensiometers are sensitive up to 0.85 bars of soil moisture.
• The normal seed rate of brinjal is 200 g/ha.
• The normal seed rate of pigeon pea is 10-15 kg/ha.
• The normal seed rate of potato for one hectare of land is 20-25 qt/ha.
• The noxious weed Opuntia dilleni was controlled by Dactylopus tomentosus.
• The number of agro-climatic regions in India is 15.
• The number of grams of iodine absorbed by 100 g of fat or oil is known as the Iodine value/number.
• The nursery area required for providing seedlings for transplanting in a 1 ha rice field is 1000 m² (1/10 ha).
• The nutrient that helps in Biological Nitrogen Fixation is Molybdenum (Mo).
• The nutrient required for quality maintenance in potato is Potassium.
• The objectionable weed of berseem is Kasini (Chicorium intybus).
• The occurrence of bud rot of coconut is associated with High humidity.
• The newly proposed seed act of India was introduced in 2004.
• The PF value at field capacity is 2.53.
• The nitrogen fixation per hectare by soybean is 40 kg.
• The nitrogen-fixing bacterium found on the root surface of rice is Azospirillum.
• The non-protein component of the enzyme is Co-enzymes.
• The non-conventional oilseed crop is Sunflower.
• The non-edible oilseed crops are Castor and Linseed.
• The PF value at PWP is 4.18.
• The concept of available water was given by Veihmayer and Hendrickson (1981).
• The normal planting space for banana is 1.8-2 m × 1.8-2 m.
• The normal planting space for citrus is 5-6 m × 5-6 m.
• The normal planting space for guava is 6 m × 6 m.
• The normal planting space for mango is 10 m × 10 m.
• The normal recommended spacing for urd bean is 40 cm × 10 cm.
• The WUE of rice is 3.7 kg/ha mm (lowest).
• The optimum temperature range for sowing wheat crop is 20 to 25°C.
• The optimum time of sowing for chickpea is 15th to 20th October.
• The order of three averages for a given data set is AM > GM > HM.
• The organic matter-rich compost made by the use of earthworms is called Vermi compost.
• The organism that causes red ring disease of coconut is Rhadinaphelenchus (nematode).
• The origin place of mango is the Indo-Burma region.
• The origin place of potato is South America (Peru).
• The original color of beverages for longer periods is retained by Benzoic acid.
• The outline map of India marked with weather data using international codes and abbreviations is known as a Synoptic map.
• The oxidation-reduction process is Photosynthesis.
• The oxygen content of soil air is lower than that in the atmosphere.
• The objects of comparison that an experiment has to try in the field for assessing their value are called Treatment.
• The off-type crop varieties are known as Rogue.
• The oil and protein content of groundnut is 45% and 26%.
• The oil content in safflower is 32-36%.
• The oil percentage in linseed is 40-42%.
• The WUE of fingermillet is 13.4 kg/ha mm.
• The oldest known agroforestry practice is Shifting cultivation.
• The oldest meteorological observatory in India is Madras.
• The One Straw Revolution is a book on natural farming by Masanobu Fukuoka.
• The operational landholding of small farmers is 1-2 ha.
• The WUE of wheat is 12.6 kg/ha mm.
• The optimum range of available soil moisture for convenient and effective ploughing is 50-75%.
• The optimum temperature for better crop production is between 18 – 24°C.
• The world’s first high-yielding dwarf variety of quality rice developed by IARI through convergent breeding is Pusa Basmati-1.
• The percentage of oleoresin content in black pepper is 10-13%.
• The percentage population of early majority over the total population is 34%.
• The percentage volume composition of organic matter in a typical soil is 5%.
• The period of operation of the 11th Five-Year Plan is from 2007-2012.
• The period of validity of the Insecticide dealer’s license is 2 years.
• The period when water requirement is maximum is called Critical stages of water requirement.
• The permanent type of root of sugarcane is Shoot roots.
• The permissible and normal limits of EC, RSC, SAR (me/q 1–1), and Boron content (ppm) are 2–4, < 2.5, < 10, and <3, respectively.
• The persistence of insecticidal residues in the food chain is called Bio Magnification.
• Khaira disease in rice is due to the deficiency of Zinc (Zn).
• The parent which is used only once in the backcross breeding method is the Donor.
• The part of wealth used for further regenerating wealth is Capital.
• The term propping is related to Banana.
• 5000 litres of water is required to produce 1 kg of rice grain.
• The first hybrid of basmati rice in the world is PRH-10.
• The pathogen of a disease can be identified using Koch’s Postulates.
• The peeling of fruits and vegetables is known as Lye peeling.
• The people who adopt through local leaders and constitute only 13.5% of the total population are known as Early adopters.
• The people who adopt immediately after getting knowledge and constitute only 2.5% of the total population are called Innovators.
• The percent of lint in seed cotton is 33%.
• The percentage of applied irrigation water stored in the soil and made available for consumptive use by the crop is known as Irrigation Efficiency.
• The photosynthetic rate of C4 plants is lower than that of C3 plants.
• The physiological disorder "Lucerne yellowing" is caused due to the deficiency of Boron (B).
•  Pot trop is extensively used for catching rice field rats.
• Potash present in Muriate of Potash/KCl is 60%.
• Nosema disease of honeybees is caused by the protozoa Nosema apis.
• Priya, Preethi, Priyanka, and Arka Harith are high-yielding varieties of bitter gourd.
• Probability ranges from 0 to 1.
• Problematic weed, whose seed once mixed with crop seed is extremely difficult to separate, is known as an objectionable weed.
• Proboscis is associated with moths and butterflies.
• Production function is also known as the input-output relation.
• The production of virus-free plants is an advantage of seed propagation.
• The productivity of Bajra is highest in Uttar Pradesh (UP).
• Products of weathering give rise to characteristic layering called horizons.
• The progeny of a single cross-fertilized heterozygous individual is called an inbred.
• The progeny of a single plant obtained by asexual reproduction is a clone.
• The vector of rice 'Tungro' viral disease is the green leafhopper (Nephotettix virescens).
• Pramuttan is a variety of betel vine.
• Precocines are known as fourth-generation insecticides.
• Presence of holes on coconut stems and oozing out of viscous brown fluid are symptoms of attack by the red palm weevil.
• The presence of sufficient oxygen in soils is generally indicated by the soil color grey.
• The present chairman of the Planning Commission is Narendra Modi.
• The moulting hormone (ecdysone) is secreted by prothoracic glands.
• The present value of future investment is calculated by discounting.
• The preserved form of fodder is silage.
• Pressure applied in a sprinkler irrigation system is greater than 2.5 bar.
• The price fixed by the government for agricultural products is known as the Minimum Support Price (MSP), given by CACP.
• Primary consumers in aquatic systems are zooplanktons.
• The priming method of harvesting is popular in cigarette, wrapper, and chewing type tobacco.
• Propagation through root cuttings is observed in breadfruit.
• Propagation through stem tubers is observed in potato.
• Propagation through T-budding is observed in rose and citrus.
• Chaffy grains with black spots in rice are due to the Gundhi bug (Leptocorisa acuta).
• In rice, the Gandhi bug causes damage at the milky stage.
• Protein and oil percentages in maize grain are 8–10% and 4–5%, respectively.
• The protein content in potato is 1.6%.
• Protein was discovered by Barzelius in 1838.
• Proteins that contain only amino acids are called simple proteins.
• The vector of leaf curl diseases in plants is the whitefly (Bemisia tabaci).
• Puddling is a term related to wetland rice cultivation.
• PUFA content is highest in sunflower.
• The pulsation theory was given by J.C. Bose in 1923.
• The vector of rice 'Grassy stunt' disease is the brown plant hopper (Nilaparvata lugens).
• Progeny selection is also known as the ear-to-row method of selection.
• IBA promotes root formation in layering.
• Phosphorus promotes root growth in plants.
• Propagation through root tubers is observed in sweet potato, dahlia, and canna.
• Control of tundu disease is achieved by hot water treatment at 50°C for 2 hours.
• Propagation through apomictic embryos is observed in mango and citrus.
• Propagation through approach grafting is observed in mango and sapota.
• Propagation through corms is observed in gladiolus.
• Propagation through leaf cuttings is observed in begonia and sansevieria.
• Propagation through mound layering is observed in papaya.
• Propagation through patch budding is observed in mango and rubber.
• Pusa Kesar is a variety of carrot.
• Pusa Nasdar and Satputia are popular varieties of ridge gourd.
• Pusa Purple Cluster is a bacterial wilt-resistant variety of brinjal.
• Pusa Rubi is a cross of Sioux × Improved Maruti.
• Pusa Rubi, Arka Sourav, Pant Bahar, and Best of All are indeterminate varieties of tomato.
• Pusa Ruby is a variety of tomato.
• Pusa Sanyog is a variety of cucumber.
• Pusa Sawani and Parbhani Kranti are famous varieties of okra.
• Pusa Seethal is a variety of cucumber.
• Pusa Snowball is a variety of cauliflower.
• Double seed formation in cotton bolls is due to the pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella).
• Pusa Summer Prolific and Arka Bahar are varieties of bottle gourd.
• The pulse crop known as the 'biological plough' is pigeon pea.
• Pulses are deficient in the amino acid methionine.
• 'Pulsing' is performed to increase the post-harvest life of cut flowers.
• Pungency in garlic is due to alicin and allinase.
• Pungency of onion is due to allyl propyl disulfide.
• The pupal stage of butterflies is termed chrysalis.
• Flaring of squares in cotton is due to the spotted bollworm (Earias vitella).
• Pusa Bedana is a cross of Tetra-2 × Pusa Rasal.
• Pusa Chethki is a variety of radish.
• Pusa Chikni, Pusa Supriya, and Harita are varieties of sponge gourd.
• Pusa Delicious, Pusa Majesty, CO-3, and Coorg Honeydew are gynodioecious grape varieties.
• Pusa Dwarf, Pusa Nanha, and Pusa Giant are dioecious papaya varieties.
• Pusa Jwala and Pusa Sadabahar are varieties of chilies.
• The elements required for seed formation include phosphorus.
• Zinc deficiency occurs in calcareous soil.
• Due to waterlogging, the availability of manganese increases in rice fields.
• Chisel ploughs are used to break hard pans of soil, even at 60-70 cm deep.
• A market with homogeneous products and a large number of buyers and sellers is called a pure market.
• Quinine is obtained from the bark of the cinchona tree.
• Muck soils contain highly decomposed organic matter.
• Rachel Carson’s famous book 'Silent Spring' was published on September 27, 1962.
• Radio transmission is found in the ionosphere zone.
• The phenotypic ratio of a monocross hybrid is 3:1.
• Pheromones used against the red palm weevil of coconut is Ferrolure.
• Pheromones used against the rhinoceros beetle of coconut is SB Pheromone.
• Philippines’ is a variety of green gram.
• Phomopsis blight and bacterial blight-resistant variety of brinjal is Pant Samrat.
• Phomopsis blight or fruit rot of brinjal is caused by Phomopsis vexans.
• Phosphorus availability is maximum at a pH range of 6 to 7.
• Phosphorus deficiency symptoms include leaves becoming purple in color.
• Phosphorus fixation is more in kaolinite, while potassium fixation is more in montmorillonite.
• Phosphorus fixation is most probable in laterite soil.
• The phosphorus present in dicalcium phosphate is 34-39%.
• The phosphorus present in basic slag is 14-18%.
• The phosphorus present in bone meal is 23-30%.
• Permanent roots of wheat appear after 20-22 days of sowing, known as crown roots.
• The permissible limit of iron in drinking water is 1 ppm.
• Pests generally cause approximately 30-50% of crop loss.
• PF refers to the logarithm of soil moisture tension.
• PFA means the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act of 1954.
• PGR related to drought tolerance and stress hardness in plants is abscisic acid.
• PGR used for fruit ripening is ethylene.
• pH measurements of soil in the laboratory are done with electronic methods, while in the field, they are done using indicator methods.
• The pH of black cotton soils ranges between 6.5 to 8.5.
• The pH value of pure water is 7, which is neutral.
• The phenomenon of cooling in the eastern Pacific is known as La Niña.
• The phenomenon of warming in the eastern Pacific is known as El Niño.
• The phenotypic ratio of a dicross hybrid is 9:3:3:1.
• Photosynthesis active radiation (PAR) occurs at 400-700 nm.
• Beverage prepared from black carrots is known as Kanji.
• Phyllody is caused by phytoplasma.
• The physical and chemical disintegration and decomposition of rocks is known as weathering.
• The physical condition of soil resulting from tillage is referred to as tilth.
• Physical purity multiplied by germination percentage divided by 100 equals PLS (Pure Live Seed).
• A Phytosanitary Certificate is a mandatory document in legal control proceedings.
• Piercing and sucking type of mouthparts are found in aphids.
• Pigeonpea belongs to the family Papilionaceae.
• The pigments responsible for photosynthesis in higher plants are chlorophyll a and b.
• The Pineapple Research Station is located at Vellanikkara, Kerala.
• The Pinjore Gardens are located in Haryana.
• Phosphorus present in DAP (Di-ammonium Phosphate) is 46%.
• Phosphorus present in DSP (Double Super Phosphate) is 32%.
• Phosphorus present in rock bone meal is 20-25%.
• Phosphorus present in rock phosphate is 20-40%.
• Phosphorus present in SSP (Single Super Phosphate) is 16%.
• Phosphorus present in steamed bone meal is 22%.
• Phosphorus present in TSP (Triple Super Phosphate) is 46-48%.
• Phosphorus fixation is more in soils rich in kaolinite.
• Photo-insensitive plants are otherwise known as day-neutral plants.
• Photo-insensitive rice varieties include IR-8 and Jaya.
• Photorespiration occurs at night.
• Photorespiration takes place in chloroplasts, peroxisomes, and mitochondria.
• The photosensitive variety of paddy grown mostly in the virippu season is PTB-1.
• “Phycology” is the study of algae.
• The plant part used for micro-propagation is called an explant.
• Plants take up nutrients in the form of ions.
• Plant tissue culture techniques are performed in a laminar air flow chamber.
• Planting material used for sugarcane planting is the upper 1/3 to half part of the cane.
• Planting materials of sugarcane are known as setts.
• Planting low-growing plants along paths, roads, flower beds, etc., for demarcation and beautification is known as edge planting.
• The planting space for papaya is 2m × 2m.
• Plants absorb nitrogen mainly in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻).
• Thick-barked plants are suited for patch budding.
• Plants that do not have either seeds or flowers are ferns.
• Plants that produce seeds that germinate before detaching from the parent are called viviparous plants.
• Bollguard refers to transgenic cotton.
• Tree banding is useful for controlling mango mealybugs.
• The pink bollworm is a pest of cotton.
• Pink disease in rubber is caused by the fungus Corticium salmonicolor.
• Pink revolution is related to prawn production, onions, and pharmaceuticals.
• The pink stem borer attacks plants at night.