1. Which of the following is a characteristic of the genetic code?
A) It is ambiguous.
B) It is non-overlapping.
C) It is universal.
D) All of the above.
Answer: D) All of the above.
2. In the context of gene regulation, which of the following is true for prokaryotes?
A) Operons are present.
B) Transcription and translation occur simultaneously.
C) Both A and B.
D) None of the above.
Answer: C) Both A and B.
3. Which type of mutation involves the substitution of a purine for a purine or a pyrimidine for a pyrimidine?
A) Transition.
B) Transversion.
C) Frameshift.
D) Silent.
Answer: A) Transition.
4. What is the primary function of the sigma factor in bacterial transcription?
A) To initiate transcription.
B) To elongate the RNA strand.
C) To terminate transcription.
D) To bind to the promoter region.
Answer: A) To initiate transcription.
5. Which of the following is an example of epigenetic regulation?
A) DNA methylation.
B) Histone modification.
C) Non-coding RNA molecules.
D) All of the above.
Answer: D) All of the above.
6. Which breeding method is most suitable for self-pollinated crops?
A) Mass selection.
B) Pedigree method.
C) Single seed descent.
D) Backcross method.
Answer: B) Pedigree method.
7. What is the primary objective of ideotype breeding?
A) To develop plants with ideal morphological traits.
B) To increase genetic diversity.
C) To select for disease resistance.
D) To improve yield through hybrid vigor.
Answer: A) To develop plants with ideal morphological traits.
8. Which of the following is a characteristic of transgressive segregation?
A) Traits beyond the range of both parents.
B) Traits within the range of both parents.
C) Traits identical to one parent.
D) Traits identical to the other parent.
Answer: A) Traits beyond the range of both parents.
9. In wide hybridization, what is the primary barrier to successful fertilization?
A) Pre-fertilization barriers.
B) Post-fertilization barriers.
C) Both A and B.
D) None of the above.
Answer: C) Both A and B.
10. Which of the following is a method used to overcome sterility in hybrids?
A) Male sterility systems.
B) Cytoplasmic male sterility.
C) Genetic male sterility.
D) All of the above.
Answer: D) All of the above.
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