Describe briefly the various principles of field experimentation ?

Definition:
Field experimentation is a systematic method of testing treatments (such as crop varieties, fertilizers, or practices) under field conditions by following certain scientific principles to obtain valid, reliable and unbiased results.

Features / Principles:

1. Replication – Repeating each treatment several times to measure experimental error and increase reliability.

2. Randomization – Assigning treatments to plots by chance to avoid bias.

3. Local Control (Blocking) – Grouping similar experimental units to minimize field variability.

4. Uniformity of Experimental Units – Keeping plots equal in size, shape, and management.

5. Accuracy and Precision – Using proper methods and tools for correct and consistent results.

6. Control of External Factors – Managing irrigation, weeding, and pest control uniformly across plots.