MCQs on Fungi, Prokaryotes, and General Biology for ICAR (SRF or JRF) /ASRB /CSIR NET/BET Exams #1

 

1. In contrasting fungi with the other kingdoms, which of the following is NOT correct?
   (A) Animals are heterotrophic by ingestion while fungi are heterotrophic by absorption.
   (B) Plants have cell walls of cellulose; fungi have cell walls of chitin.
   (C) The energy reserve of fungi is starch while the energy reserve of animals is glycogen.
   (D) Fungi lack flagella at all stages of their life while most protists have a stage that possesses flagella.

2. At one time, fungi were thought to be plants that lost chlorophyll. Why is this theory no longer considered valid?
   (A) Fungal cell walls contain chitin rather than cellulose.
   (B) Fungi attack and engulf food for internal digestion.
   (C) Fungi have flagella at some stage, providing mobility that plants never have.
   (D) Plants are multicellular and fungi are unicellular or multinucleated noncellular plasmodia.

3. The term "ascus" is based on the Greek root word meaning:
   (A) Club or bat
   (B) Spore-forming
   (C) Network
   (D) Bag or sac

4. An asexual spore produced by a sac fungus or club fungus is called:
   (A) Mycelium
   (B) Conidium or conidiospore
   (C) Ascospore
   (D) Basidiospore

5. The term "basidia" is based on the Greek root word meaning:
   (A) Club or bat
   (B) Spore-forming
   (C) Network
   (D) Bag or sac

6. When the cap of a gilled mushroom is cut off and placed on paper, the powdery material that appears is:
   (A) Mycelia
   (B) Sporangia
   (C) Hyphae
   (D) Basidiospores

7. The relationship between fungi and algae in lichens is best described as:
   (A) A simple cooperative mutualism between normally free-living strains
   (B) A complete mixing of the genomes of the two groups at the cellular level
   (C) An endosymbiotic transfer of the chloroplasts of algae to the hyphae cells
   (D) A possible controlled parasitism wherein fungi withdraw food from algae and the algae can grow better alone

8. Biodegradation of organic matter is due to:
   (A) Protists and fungi
   (B) Bacteria and fungi
   (C) Members of the Chlorophyta
   (D) Protists and bacteria

9. All of the following are characteristics of fungi EXCEPT:
   (A) May be saprotrophic decomposers
   (B) May be parasitic on plants producing rusts and smuts
   (C) May cause ringworm and yeast infections in humans
   (D) Are always environmentally detrimental

10. Which of the following is an incorrect association with a fungal phylum and its characteristic organisms?
    (A) Deuteromycota — club fungi
    (B) Ascomycota — sac fungi
    (C) Zygomycota — zygospore fungi
    (D) Basidiomycota — mushrooms

11. Fungal poisonous or physiologically active chemicals include all of the following EXCEPT:
    (A) Muscarine and muscaridine
    (B) Psilocybin, a structural analog of LSD and mescaline
    (C) Ergot alkaloids
    (D) Botulinum toxin

12. Mycorrhizae:
    (A) Aid plants in acquiring mineral nutrients
    (B) Receive carbohydrates from the plant
    (C) Increase the ability of plants to grow in poor soils
    (D) All of the choices are true

13. Which of the following are prokaryotic?
    (A) Animals
    (B) Plants
    (C) Bacteria
    (D) Fungi

14. Prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes in that they lack:
    (A) Plasma membranes
    (B) An organized cell nucleus
    (C) Cytoplasm
    (D) Cell walls

15. The evolutionary history of a species is referred to as its:
    (A) Phylogeny
    (B) Ontogeny
    (C) Hierarchical organization
    (D) Diversity

16. Which organism represents the kingdom with the oldest fossil record?
    (A) Blue-green alga
    (B) Moss
    (C) Mushroom
    (D) H1N1 virus

17. The appearance resulting from a given gene combination is referred to as:
    (A) Genotype
    (B) Phenotype
    (C) Phototype
    (D) Allelotype