It refers to DNA polymorphisms produced by separating homoduples from heteroduplex DNA using non-denaturing gel electrophoresis (White et al., 1992) or partially denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (Wang et al., 1999: Cho et al, 1999). The heteroduplexes are produced due to single base mismatches between genotypes. The presence of heteroduplexes indicates presence of DNA polymorphism.
Advantages of HA
1. It is a powerful technique for the discovery of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP).
2. Very small quantity of DNA samples (10-50 ng per individual) is required to perform heteroduplex analysis.
3. Most of the heteroduplex markers are co-dominant and locus specific.
4. The heteroduplex analysis can be performed using automated high performance liquid chromatography.
5. The HA markers can be easily shared between laboratories.
Disadvantages of HA
1. The heteroduplex analysis requires special equipment.
2. One protocol may not be sufficient for heteroduplex analyses of different targets using HPLC
Uses of HA
1. Heteroduplex analysis has been mostly used in human genetics to screen disease genes for DNA polymorphism.
2. In plant breeding, it can be used for detection of pathogens which are in latent stage and thus will be useful in selection of disease free plants.
3. It is useful in the discovery of single nucleotide polymorphism
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