Define Dart method in plant breeding with applications?

 

The DArT (Diversity Arrays Technology) method is a molecular technique used in plant breeding and genetic analysis to detect and genotype thousands of DNA markers across the genome of a plant species.

 

Definition:

The DArT method is a high-throughput genotyping technique that combines genome complexity reduction with microarray-based hybridization to profile genetic variation within plant populations. DArT markers are generated using a combination of complexity reduction methods (such as restriction enzyme digestion) and microarray-based detection to interrogate thousands of genomic loci simultaneously.

 

Applications:

 

·         Genetic Diversity Analysis: DArT markers are widely used to assess genetic diversity within plant populations. By genotyping individuals with DArT markers, researchers can estimate the level of genetic variation present in breeding germplasm collections. This information helps breeders to select diverse parental lines for hybridization and genetic improvement programs.

 

·         Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS): DArT markers linked to target genes or QTLs (Quantitative Trait Loci) can be used for MAS in plant breeding programs. By genotyping individuals for DArT marker alleles associated with desirable traits, breeders can select superior genotypes at an early stage, accelerating the breeding process and improving the efficiency of trait selection.

 

·         Trait Mapping and QTL Analysis: DArT markers are valuable tools for genetic mapping and QTL analysis in plant species. By genotyping mapping populations with DArT markers, researchers can identify genomic regions linked to important agronomic traits. This information guides breeding efforts aimed at introgressing favorable alleles into elite breeding lines through marker-assisted backcrossing or gene pyramiding strategies.

 

·         Population Structure Analysis: DArT markers can help in analyzing the population structure of plant species, including the identification of subpopulations or genetic clusters within breeding germplasm collections. Understanding population structure is essential for designing breeding strategies, managing genetic resources, and conserving genetic diversity.

 

·         Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS): DArT markers are also used in GWAS to identify associations between genetic markers and complex traits in plant populations. By genotyping large numbers of individuals with DArT markers, researchers can uncover genomic regions associated with important agronomic traits, providing insights into the genetic basis of trait variation.