How to reduce duration of plant breeding?

Accelerating the duration of plant breeding is crucial for the rapid development of improved crop varieties to meet the challenges of global food security and climate change. Several methods can be employed to reduce the breeding cycle length while maintaining breeding efficacy. marker-assisted selection (MAS), genomic selection (GS), high-throughput phenotyping, speed breeding, and genomic prediction. MAS and GS enable the selection of desirable traits at the molecular level, reducing the need for lengthy field evaluations. High-throughput phenotyping techniques allow for the rapid and accurate assessment of plant traits, facilitating early selection decisions. Speed breeding methods involve manipulating environmental conditions to shorten generation times and accelerate breeding cycles. Genomic prediction models utilize genomic data to predict breeding values, allowing for more efficient selection of superior individuals.