1. Organic farming primarily emphasizes:
A. Maximum yield
B. Use of synthetic inputs
C. Ecological balance and sustainability
D. Mechanization
Answer: C
Rationale: Organic farming focuses on ecological balance, soil health, and sustainability.
2. The key principle of organic farming related to ecosystems is:
A. Productivity
B. Care
C. Health
D. Ecology
Answer: D
Rationale: The ecology principle stresses harmony with natural ecosystems.
3. Which of the following inputs is prohibited in organic farming?
A. Farmyard manure
B. Neem cake
C. Urea
D. Vermicompost
Answer: C
Rationale: Synthetic fertilizers like urea are not permitted.
4. Organic farming certification in India is governed mainly by:
A. FSSAI
B. ICAR
C. NPOP
D. NABARD
Answer: C
Rationale: National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP) regulates certification.
5. The conversion period for annual crops under organic certification is:
A. 6 months
B. 12 months
C. 24 months
D. 36 months
Answer: C
Rationale: Typically, two years are required before certification for annual crops.
6. Which organization accredits organic certification agencies in India?
A. APEDA
B. ICAR
C. IARI
D. FAO
Answer: A
Rationale: APEDA implements NPOP and accredits agencies.
7. The main objective of green manuring is to:
A. Control weeds
B. Improve soil organic matter and nitrogen
C. Increase soil salinity
D. Reduce microbial activity
Answer: B
Rationale: Green manures enhance organic matter and nitrogen.
8. Which crop is commonly used as green manure?
A. Wheat
B. Sunhemp
C. Cotton
D. Rice
Answer: B
Rationale: Sunhemp is a fast-growing legume used for green manuring.
9. Vermicomposting mainly involves which organism?
A. Fungi
B. Bacteria
C. Earthworms
D. Actinomycetes
Answer: C
Rationale: Earthworms convert organic waste into nutrient-rich vermicompost.
10. Which earthworm species is commonly used in vermicomposting?
A. Lampito mauritii
B. Eisenia fetida
C. Perionyx excavatus
D. All of the above
Answer: D
Rationale: Multiple species are used depending on conditions.
11. Biofertilizers primarily help in:
A. Supplying synthetic nutrients
B. Improving nutrient availability
C. Killing soil microbes
D. Increasing soil salinity
Answer: B
Rationale: Biofertilizers enhance nutrient availability biologically.
12. Rhizobium biofertilizer is associated with:
A. Phosphorus solubilization
B. Potassium mobilization
C. Nitrogen fixation in legumes
D. Sulphur oxidation
Answer: C
Rationale: Rhizobium fixes atmospheric nitrogen symbiotically.
13. Which biofertilizer solubilizes phosphorus?
A. Azotobacter
B. Rhizobium
C. PSB
D. Azolla
Answer: C
Rationale: Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) make P available.
14. Organic farming discourages monocropping mainly because it:
A. Reduces yield
B. Increases labor cost
C. Increases pest and disease incidence
D. Requires irrigation
Answer: C
Rationale: Monocropping disrupts ecological balance.
15. Crop rotation in organic farming helps in:
A. Nutrient mining
B. Pest and disease management
C. Soil compaction
D. Weed proliferation
Answer: B
Rationale: Rotation breaks pest and disease cycles.
16. Which pest control method is encouraged in organic farming?
A. Chemical pesticides
B. Integrated use of biological control
C. Broad-spectrum insecticides
D. Synthetic fumigants
Answer: B
Rationale: Biological control is eco-friendly and permitted.
17. Neem-based formulations act mainly as:
A. Fertilizers
B. Herbicides
C. Insect repellents and growth inhibitors
D. Fungicides only
Answer: C
Rationale: Neem disrupts insect growth and feeding.
18. The term “organic matter” refers to:
A. Living plants only
B. Inorganic soil fraction
C. Decomposed plant and animal residues
D. Soil minerals
Answer: C
Rationale: Organic matter includes decomposed residues.
19. Which practice improves soil microbial diversity?
A. Excess tillage
B. Continuous chemical fertilization
C. Organic amendments
D. Soil sterilization
Answer: C
Rationale: Organic inputs stimulate microbial activity.
20. Panchagavya is prepared using:
A. Five plant extracts
B. Five cow products
C. Five mineral nutrients
D. Five biofertilizers
Answer: B
Rationale: It includes milk, curd, ghee, urine, and dung.
21. Organic farming relies heavily on:
A. External inputs
B. On-farm resources
C. Imported fertilizers
D. Synthetic chemicals
Answer: B
Rationale: On-farm recycling is a core concept.
22. Which weed management practice is common in organic farming?
A. Chemical herbicides
B. Manual and mechanical weeding
C. Soil fumigation
D. Genetic modification
Answer: B
Rationale: Physical methods are preferred over chemicals.
23. The concept of “soil health” includes:
A. Chemical fertility only
B. Physical and chemical properties
C. Physical, chemical, and biological properties
D. Soil texture only
Answer: C
Rationale: Soil health is holistic.
24. Organic farming generally improves:
A. Short-term yield only
B. Soil structure and water-holding capacity
C. Soil erosion
D. Chemical residues
Answer: B
Rationale: Organic matter improves structure and moisture retention.
25. Which gas emission is reduced under organic farming?
A. Oxygen
B. Nitrogen
C. Greenhouse gases
D. Carbon dioxide fixation
Answer: C
Rationale: Reduced synthetic inputs lower GHG emissions.
26. The main limitation of organic farming is:
A. Environmental safety
B. Certification cost and transition period
C. Soil fertility improvement
D. Biodiversity enhancement
Answer: B
Rationale: Transition and certification can be challenging.
27. Organic produce is often preferred because it:
A. Is always cheaper
B. Has no nutrients
C. Has low chemical residues
D. Has longer shelf life always
Answer: C
Rationale: Minimal residues are a key consumer reason.
28. Which crop system best suits organic farming?
A. Monocropping
B. Mixed and diversified farming
C. Continuous cereal cropping
D. Plantation monoculture
Answer: B
Rationale: Diversity enhances system resilience.
29. The role of cover crops in organic farming is to:
A. Reduce biodiversity
B. Increase erosion
C. Protect soil and suppress weeds
D. Replace fertilizers completely
Answer: C
Rationale: Cover crops protect soil and reduce weeds.
30. Which pest management approach is NOT permitted in organic farming?
A. Botanical pesticides
B. Biological control agents
C. Cultural practices
D. Synthetic systemic pesticides
Answer: D
Rationale: Synthetic systemic pesticides are prohibited.
31. Organic farming encourages recycling of:
A. Industrial waste
B. Urban sewage
C. Farm residues
D. Plastic waste
Answer: C
Rationale: Crop residues are recycled on-farm.
32. Which indicator reflects organic soil fertility?
A. Soil color only
B. Electrical conductivity only
C. Soil organic carbon
D. Sand percentage
Answer: C
Rationale: SOC is a key indicator of soil fertility.
33. Organic farming helps in conserving:
A. Only water
B. Only soil
C. Biodiversity
D. Fossil fuels only
Answer: C
Rationale: Biodiversity conservation is a major benefit.
34. Which composting method is faster?
A. Pit composting
B. Heap composting
C. Vermicomposting
D. Anaerobic composting
Answer: C
Rationale: Earthworms accelerate decomposition.
35. Which farming system integrates crops and livestock?
A. Organic farming
B. Precision farming
C. Contract farming
D. Plantation farming
Answer: A
Rationale: Integration supports nutrient recycling in organic systems.
36. The term “input substitution” in organic farming means:
A. Using more chemicals
B. Replacing synthetic inputs with organic alternatives
C. Eliminating all inputs
D. Importing organic inputs
Answer: B
Rationale: Organic inputs replace synthetic ones.
37. Organic standards emphasize animal welfare by:
A. High stocking density
B. Restricted movement
C. Natural behavior and organic feed
D. Zero veterinary care
Answer: C
Rationale: Welfare and natural behavior are emphasized.
38. Which nutrient release pattern is typical of organic manures?
A. Immediate release
B. Slow and sustained release
C. No release
D. Toxic release
Answer: B
Rationale: Organic manures release nutrients gradually.
39. Organic farming systems are generally:
A. Energy intensive
B. Capital intensive
C. Knowledge intensive
D. Chemical intensive
Answer: C
Rationale: Management knowledge is crucial.
40. Which practice improves nitrogen availability in organic systems?
A. Continuous fallow
B. Legume inclusion
C. Heavy irrigation
D. Deep ploughing only
Answer: B
Rationale: Legumes fix atmospheric nitrogen.
41. Organic farming aims to minimize:
A. Soil organisms
B. Crop diversity
C. External inputs
D. Crop residues
Answer: C
Rationale: Reduced dependence on external inputs is central.
42. Which is a permitted disease management practice?
A. Antibiotics
B. Copper-based fungicides (limited use)
C. Synthetic fungicides
D. Soil sterilants
Answer: B
Rationale: Limited copper use is allowed under standards.
43. Organic farming improves farmers’ income mainly by:
A. Higher yields always
B. Lower production cost and premium price
C. Government subsidies only
D. Reduced labor
Answer: B
Rationale: Premium pricing and input savings improve income.
44. Which indicator is used to assess organic produce quality?
A. Chemical residue analysis
B. Seed size
C. Leaf area index
D. Root length
Answer: A
Rationale: Residue analysis ensures compliance.
45. Organic farming contributes to climate change mitigation by:
A. Increasing fertilizer use
B. Enhancing soil carbon sequestration
C. Increasing pesticide use
D. Reducing crop diversity
Answer: B
Rationale: Higher SOC stores carbon.
46. Which Indian scheme promotes organic farming clusters?
A. PMFBY
B. PKVY
C. RKVY
D. NFSM
Answer: B
Rationale: Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana supports organic clusters.
47. Organic farming avoids GM crops because:
A. They reduce yield
B. They are expensive
C. Standards prohibit GMOs
D. They require irrigation
Answer: C
Rationale: GMOs are not allowed under organic standards.
48. Which is a key benefit of organic farming to consumers?
A. Higher pesticide residues
B. Improved taste and safety perception
C. Lower nutrition
D. Shorter shelf life always
Answer: B
Rationale: Consumers value safety and quality.
49. Organic farming systems are more resilient to:
A. Market demand
B. Climate variability
C. Mechanization
D. Labor availability
Answer: B
Rationale: Diversity improves resilience to climate stress.
50. The ultimate goal of organic farming is:
A. Maximum profit
B. Maximum yield
C. Sustainable agro-ecosystem
D. Complete mechanization
Answer: C
Rationale: Sustainability of the agro-ecosystem is the core goal.
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