🌾 Agro-Climatic Zones of India

🌾 Agro-Climatic Zones of India

Agro-Climatic Zone	Coverage / States	Key Characteristics
Western Himalayan Zone	Himachal Pradesh, UP hills, J&K (3 sub-zones)	Skeletal cold soils, podsols, hilly brown soils; steep slopes, erosion-prone
Eastern Himalayan Zone	Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Tripura, Mizoram, Assam, Jalpaiguri & Coochbihar	High rainfall, dense forests, alluvial soils; shifting cultivation; flood-prone
Lower Gangetic Plains Zone	West Bengal	High rainfall zone
Middle Gangetic Plains Zone	Eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar	Good groundwater potential; canals and tube wells
Upper Gangetic Plains Zone	Western Uttar Pradesh	Highly productive agricultural region
Trans-Gangetic Plains Zone	Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Chandigarh, Sri Ganganagar (Rajasthan)	Highest net sown area, intensive irrigation, high crop intensity
Eastern Plateau & Hill Zone	Eastern MP, South West Bengal, Inland Odisha	Medium soil depth, undulating topography; tanks & tube wells
Central Plateau & Hill Zone	Southern UP, Eastern Rajasthan, MP, Chhattisgarh	Diverse soils and climatic conditions
Western Plateau & Hill Zone	Maharashtra, parts of MP, one district of Rajasthan	Only ~12.4% irrigated; canals are main source
Southern Plateau & Hill Zone	Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu	Semi-arid climate
East Coast Plains & Ghats Zone	East coast of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha	Alluvial soils & coastal sands; canal & tank irrigation
West Coast Plains & Ghats Zone	Kerala, Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra, West coast of TN	Wide variation in soils, rainfall and cropping patterns
Gujarat Plains & Hills Zone	19 districts of Gujarat	Arid climate; well and tube-well irrigation
Western Zone	9 districts of Rajasthan	Hot desert climate; sandy soils; erratic rainfall; drought-prone
Island Zone	Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep	Equatorial climate; >300 cm rainfall; forest-dominated