50 MCQ on Biology for NEET and CSIR EXAM Part -1

1. Which cell organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?
   A. Nucleus
   B. Mitochondria
   C. Golgi apparatus
   D. Lysosome
   Answer: B

2. The basic structural and functional unit of life is:
   A. Tissue
   B. Cell
   C. Organ
   D. Organ system
   Answer: B

3. DNA is mainly located in the:
   A. Cytoplasm
   B. Cell wall
   C. Nucleus
   D. Vacuole
   Answer: C

4. Which pigment is responsible for photosynthesis in plants?
   A. Chlorophyll
   B. Carotene
   C. Xanthophyll
   D. Anthocyanin
   Answer: A

5. The process of conversion of glucose into pyruvate is called:
   A. Glycolysis
   B. Krebs cycle
   C. Fermentation
   D. Respiration
   Answer: A

6. The functional unit of kidney is:
   A. Neuron
   B. Nephron
   C. Alveolus
   D. Glomerulus
   Answer: B

7. The largest organ in the human body is:
   A. Liver
   B. Skin
   C. Brain
   D. Heart
   Answer: B

8. Which blood cells help in clotting of blood?
   A. RBC
   B. WBC
   C. Platelets
   D. Plasma
   Answer: C

9. The human heart has how many chambers?
   A. 2
   B. 3
   C. 4
   D. 5
   Answer: C

10. The genetic material in most organisms is:
    A. RNA
    B. Protein
    C. DNA
    D. Lipid
    Answer: C

11. Which part of the brain controls balance and posture?
    A. Cerebrum
    B. Cerebellum
    C. Medulla
    D. Hypothalamus
    Answer: B

12. The process of water loss from plants through stomata is:
    A. Respiration
    B. Transpiration
    C. Photosynthesis
    D. Absorption
    Answer: B

13. Which vitamin is synthesized in the skin in sunlight?
    A. Vitamin A
    B. Vitamin B
    C. Vitamin C
    D. Vitamin D
    Answer: D

14. The powerhouse of the cell produces:
    A. DNA
    B. ATP
    C. Protein
    D. Lipids
    Answer: B

15. Which gas is released during photosynthesis?
    A. Nitrogen
    B. Oxygen
    C. Carbon dioxide
    D. Hydrogen
    Answer: B

16. The site of protein synthesis is:
    A. Ribosome
    B. Lysosome
    C. Golgi body
    D. Vacuole
    Answer: A

17. The largest cell in the human body is:
    A. Nerve cell
    B. Muscle cell
    C. Ovum
    D. RBC
    Answer: C

18. Mendel is known as the father of:
    A. Evolution
    B. Genetics
    C. Microbiology
    D. Cytology
    Answer: B

19. The normal human chromosome number is:
    A. 23
    B. 44
    C. 46
    D. 48
    Answer: C

20. The process by which plants make food is:
    A. Respiration
    B. Photosynthesis
    C. Transpiration
    D. Digestion
    Answer: B

21. Which hormone regulates blood sugar levels?
    A. Thyroxine
    B. Insulin
    C. Adrenaline
    D. Estrogen
    Answer: B

22. The outermost layer of plant cells is:
    A. Cell membrane
    B. Cytoplasm
    C. Cell wall
    D. Nucleus
    Answer: C

23. Which organ produces bile?
    A. Pancreas
    B. Liver
    C. Stomach
    D. Intestine
    Answer: B

24. Which blood group is known as universal donor?
    A. A
    B. B
    C. AB
    D. O
    Answer: D

25. The green color of leaves is due to:
    A. Carotene
    B. Chlorophyll
    C. Xanthophyll
    D. Anthocyanin
    Answer: B

26. Which structure connects muscle to bone?
    A. Ligament
    B. Tendon
    C. Cartilage
    D. Nerve
    Answer: B

27. The smallest bone in the human body is:
    A. Femur
    B. Stapes
    C. Tibia
    D. Radius
    Answer: B

28. The study of plants is called:
    A. Zoology
    B. Botany
    C. Ecology
    D. Anatomy
    Answer: B

29. Which organ filters blood in the human body?
    A. Liver
    B. Kidney
    C. Heart
    D. Lung
    Answer: B

30. The main component of cell membrane is:
    A. Lipid
    B. Protein
    C. Phospholipid
    D. Carbohydrate
    Answer: C

31. The process of cell division in somatic cells is:
    A. Meiosis
    B. Mitosis
    C. Binary fission
    D. Budding
    Answer: B

32. Which tissue transports water in plants?
    A. Phloem
    B. Xylem
    C. Cambium
    D. Cortex
    Answer: B

33. Which structure controls entry and exit of substances in a cell?
    A. Nucleus
    B. Cell membrane
    C. Cytoplasm
    D. Golgi apparatus
    Answer: B

34. The largest gland in the human body is:
    A. Pancreas
    B. Liver
    C. Thyroid
    D. Pituitary
    Answer: B

35. Which blood cells carry oxygen?
    A. RBC
    B. WBC
    C. Platelets
    D. Plasma
    Answer: A

36. The basic unit of heredity is:
    A. Chromosome
    B. Gene
    C. DNA
    D. Protein
    Answer: B

37. Which organ is responsible for pumping blood?
    A. Brain
    B. Heart
    C. Lung
    D. Liver
    Answer: B

38. The process of fusion of male and female gametes is called:
    A. Fertilization
    B. Pollination
    C. Germination
    D. Respiration
    Answer: A

39. Which plant tissue transports food?
    A. Xylem
    B. Phloem
    C. Cambium
    D. Cortex
    Answer: B

40. The respiratory pigment in human blood is:
    A. Hemoglobin
    B. Myoglobin
    C. Chlorophyll
    D. Melanin
    Answer: A

41. Which gas is required for respiration?
    A. Oxygen
    B. Nitrogen
    C. Carbon dioxide
    D. Hydrogen
    Answer: A

42. Which organ helps in digestion and absorption of nutrients?
    A. Stomach
    B. Small intestine
    C. Liver
    D. Kidney
    Answer: B

43. Which kingdom includes bacteria?
    A. Protista
    B. Monera
    C. Fungi
    D. Plantae
    Answer: B

44. The structural unit of muscle is:
    A. Sarcomere
    B. Axon
    C. Neuron
    D. Tendon
    Answer: A

45. Which part of plant absorbs water from soil?
    A. Stem
    B. Root
    C. Leaf
    D. Flower
    Answer: B

46. The largest part of the human brain is:
    A. Cerebellum
    B. Cerebrum
    C. Medulla
    D. Pons
    Answer: B

47. Which hormone controls growth in humans?
    A. Thyroxine
    B. Insulin
    C. Growth hormone
    D. Adrenaline
    Answer: C

48. Which organ helps in gas exchange in humans?
    A. Kidney
    B. Lung
    C. Liver
    D. Stomach
    Answer: B

49. Which macromolecule stores genetic information?
    A. Protein
    B. Lipid
    C. DNA
    D. Carbohydrate
    Answer: C

50. Which structure is responsible for movement of substances inside a cell?
    A. Cytoplasm
    B. Nucleus
    C. Vacuole
    D. Cell wall
    Answer: A