Genetics and Plant breeding pointers 39

  

• Saccharum spontaneum show resistant to drought and salinity.
• Saccherum officinarum is a noble canes.
• Sal 1 gene plant origin resistant for salt in yeast.
• Salt 1 was isolated to Arabidopsis is and transferred in to yeast give resistant to high salt stress.
• Same plants bear male, female and hermaphrodite flowers called gyno andro monoecious flower i.e. Cucumber.
• SCA estimated by full sib family.
• Secale cereal is a botanical name of Rye.
• Seed are formed but embryo develop without fertilization called apomixis.
• Seed for progeny test are obtained after two generation of selfing is known as S2 family selection.
• Seed, pollen grain and vegetative propagule used for mutagen treatment.
• Seedling treatment with colchicines is only 3-24 hrs.
• Selection by natural means called natural selection.
• Selection can be made by man is known as artificial selection.
• Selection intensity is highest and the entire population is called zero selection.
• Selection is based on phenotype.
• Selection is usually started from F2 generation.
• Selection means identification and isolation of most desirable types of individual in heterogeneous population.
• Selection of plants on the basis of visual assessment of their performance is known as visual selection.
• Selection utilize genetic variability in existing population.
• Self incompatibility is used for hybrid seed production of Brassica spp.
• Self pollinated crop have no genetic load.
• Self pollinated crop showing less than 5% cross pollination.
• Self pollinated crops and some times often cross pollinated crop show less in vigour are due to in breeding.
• Self pollinated species as assumed develop from cross pollinated species.
• Self pollination decrease heterozygosity.
• Self pollination increase homozygosity.
• Selfing increase the number of completely homozygous plant.
• Selfing reduced Half (1/2) fifty per cent reduced heterozygosity in each generation.
• Sesame oil contain antioxidant sesamole with increase self life of oil.
• Sexual reproduction occurs along with apomixis is called facultative apomixis.
• Sexually propagated crop seed are treated for mutation.
• Shull (1909) suggested to development of inbred from open pollinated variety by continuous selfing.
• Shull (1914) given the term heterosis.
• Shull first develop inbred lines.
• Sick plots are created for testing of soil borne diseases.
• Simple recurrent selection is most suitable for character having high heritability.
• Simultaneous improvement in two population in which one population is tester for another population is known as reciprocal recurrent selection.
• Single cross hybrid is cross with open pollinated variety is known as double top cross.
• Single cross hybrid, obtained by crossing two inbreds.
• Source of gamma rays like radiation 14C and 60 Co etc.
• Soybean protein deficit to methionine.
• Sparrow is a variety of wheat resistant to rust.
• Sporophytic self-incompatibility reaction is governed by single gene with multiple alleles.
• Sporophytic self-incompatibility was first reported in 1950 by Hughes and Babcock in 1950.
• Sprague and Tatum (1942) given a concept of combining ability.
• Stadler suggested gamete selection in inbred line for improvement of maize crop.
• Suheson give the term evolutionary method of breeding.
• Sweet potato ploidy level are 6X.
• Synthetic variety are maintained by open pollinated varieties in isolation.
• Synthetic variety exploit heterosis which is due to GCA (General combining ability).
• Synthetic variety having major genetic variability.
• T1419 is the variety of triticale release by PAU Ludhiana.
• Tensiometer an instrument measure soil moisture.
• Term harvest index was proposed by Donald (1962).
• Tetraploid cottons contribute 90% of total world production.
• Tetrasomic form have one quadrivalent.
• The back cross method of inbred improvement generally used traits with high intensity.
• The book mutation research written by Auerbanc.
• The dose of mutagen produced maximum frequency of mutation and minimum killing called optimum dose.
• The megaspore mother cell undergoes meiosis and produce four haploid cells called megaspore and process megasporogenesis.
• Thomas Fairchild (1717) produce first artificial hybrid.
• Those crop propagated asexually called clone.
• Those crops show inbreeding depression aim of breeding method minimum inbreeding depression.
• Total deleterious allele present in mating population is known as genetic load.
• Total gene present in a population are known as genepool.
• Transfer of restorer gene CMS lines are used as female parents.
• Treatments of biological material with mutagen is called mutagenesis.
• Triple fusion ultimately leads to formation of endosperm.
• Triploid was first reported by Gates in 1908.
• Trisomic term was coined by Blakeslee (1921).
• Triticale is often cross pollinated variety.
• Triticale is the first man made cereal crop.
• Triticum compactum is a botanical name of club wheat.
• Triticum turgidum has the genome constitution of AABB.
• Triticum turgidum var durum is a botanical name of durum wheat.
• Two years are required for simple recurrent selection.
• Ultra violet is a low energy radiations and has very low penetrating capacity.
• Under selection genetic variability of the population decreases oil content of maize found in embryo.
• Univalent shift generally occur in monosomic lines.
• Up to 15 exchangable sodium percentage crops are affected.
• Up to flowering of pulse crop near about 35% biomass is produced.
• Usually develop in new variety take 10-12 years.
• Varalaxmi is a first interspecific hybrid of cotton.
• Variability stored in heterozygotes is known as heterozygotic potential variability.
• Variation and selection is a basic step of plant breeding programme.
• Variation of parent and offspring correlation will be zero when variation is non heritable.
• Varietal crosses use to exploit heterosis in earlier.
• Variety develop through mass selection is likely to be similar to original population in regard to adoption.
• Variety show selected for mutagenesis is best variety available in crop.
• Vertical resistant is likely to be more virulence against a simple interest disease than compound interest disease.
• Vijpla, Vijay and Kalyan cotton varieties develop through back cross method.
• Vilmorin practiced individual plant in sugarbeet for sugar content.
• Vilmorin select individual plant of sugarbeet on the basis of progeny test.
• Viral infection is more responsible of clonal degeneration than other.
• Wavelength of soft X-rays is 10-1A⁰
• Wavelengths of a radiation is small it has high penetration power.
• Weak competitiior is a central feature of crop ideotype.
• Wheat and barley off season crop grown in Wellington (T.N.).
• Wheat crop having full series of nullisomics.
• X = rays and Gamma rays used as mutagen produce electromagnetic radiation.
• Yellow revolution is related to oilseed production.
• ZEM1 and ZEM2 varieties of Brassica napus contain zero erucic acids.
• β-rays is a mutagen create ionizing radiation.
• Sacb gene (transgene) protect tobacco from salt stress.