Genetics and Plant Breeding pointers 4

 

• Embryo develops from vegetative cells of the ovule such as integuments, nucellus and chalazal is called adventive embryony.
• · Emasculation of flower is necessary for hybridization in self pollinated plants.
• · EMS is commonly used mutagen for Tilling.
• · Enzyme catalyse the same chemical reaction but exist in slightly different molecular forms are termed as coenzyme.
• · Epistatic variance which results due interaction between alleles of two or more different genes or loci.
• · Epsilon leading strand synthesis.
• · Ear to Row Selection was first proposed by Hopkins.
• · East gave inheritance of corolla length in tobacco.
• · EGMS: Environmentally Induced Genetic Male Sterility.
• · Eight main centres of origin were originally proposed by -N.I. Vavilov.
• · Est markets first used by venter et al.
• · Eugenics is a branch of genetics deals with study of applications of principles of heredity for betterment of human race.
• · Euphenics is a branch of genetics deals with study of hereditary diseases.
• · Evaluation of the worth of plants on the basis of performance of their progenies is known as — Progeny test.
• · Example of Dioecy plants — Papaya, Date palm.
• · Example of diploid cotton- G herbaceum (Uppam cotton), G arboreum (Karunkanni cotton).
• · Example of Diploid species of wheat T. boeticum, T. monococum.
• · Example of double cross hybrid varieties in maize — COH 3.
• · Example of double top cross hybrid varieties in maize — Ganga safed 2, Histarch, Ganga 4.
• · Example of green leaf manure Neem: Azadirachta indica Pungam.: Pongamia glabra Glyricidia: Glyricidia sepium.
• · Example of green manure crops Sunnhemp: Crotalaria juncea Dainchia : Sesbania aculeata.
• · Example of Hexaploid species of wheat T.aestivum, T.compactum T.sphaerococcum, T.spelta , T.macha.
• · Example of minor millet- Fox tail millet: Setaria italica, Dodo millet: Paspalum scrobiculatum, Barn yard millet: Echinocola colona, Proso millet: Panicum miliaceum.
• · Example of Monoecy plants Castor, Mango, Banana, Maize.
• · Example of Orthodox seeds — corn, wheat, rice, carrot, papaya, pepper, chickpea, cotton, sunflower.
• · Example of Primary introduction varieties — Sonora 64, Lerma Rojo, IR8, IR28 and IR36.
• · Example of Recalcitrant seeds — citrus, cocoa, coffee, rubber, oil palm, mango, jack fruit.
• · Example of Secondary introduction varieties kalyan Sona, Sonalika.
• · Example of short duration (<100Days) variety of rice is¬ CR 666, Akashi, CO 41.
• · Example of short duration (<70 Days) variety in sorghum-CO22.
• · Example of short duration variety in red gram — Prabhat, ICPL 87.
• · Example of Single cross hybrid varieties in maize — COH 1, COH 2.
• · Example of Tetraploid species of wheat T. dicoccoides T. dicoccum T.dicoccum T.durum, T.persicum, T.turgidum ,T.polonicum T.timopheevi.
• · Example of tree way cross hybrids varieties in maize — Ganga 5.
• · Example of YMV (Yellow mosaic virus) resistance variety in black gram is — VBN 1, VBN 2, VBN 3.
• · Example of mutation variety of rice is --Jagannath, Parbhani, Satan.
• · Examples of autotetraploids are Alfalfa, Coffee and McIntosh apples.
• · Examples of Multiple Alleles, Fur color in Rabbits, Wing type in Drosophila, Eye colour in Drosophila, Self incompatibility alleles in Plants, ABA Blood group in man.
• · Examples of Tetraploid cotton, G. hirsutum (Upland cotton), G. barbadense (Sea Island cotton).
• · Erucic acid found in? Mustard.
• · Escape of a host plant from damage is called as? Avoidance.
• · EST library is repetitive DNA sequence.
• · Ethanol is used for sterilization explant.
• · Ethylene is a plant hormone in gaseous form.
• · Ethylene precursor methionine.
• · Evergreen revolution - Overall department of agriculture.
• · Example for a non-ionizing physical mutagen is? U.V rays.
• · Example of heterozygous but homogenous population is hybrid variety.
• · Examples of CHAs are Sodium methyl arsenate, Ethephon GA3 and Hybrex.
• · Examples of mitotic poison are Colchicine, Ribonuclease, and mustard gas.
• · Excessive performance of a cross over and above the expected performance of GCA of parents is called as? Specific combining ability.
• · Exchange of homologous segments between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes is? Crossing over.
• · Exon codes for protiens.
• · Expand the term TRIPs? Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights.
• · Expand UNEP? United Nations Environment Programme.
• · Experimental design which controls fertility variations in two directions is known as Latin square design.
• · Expression of ancestral traits is termed as atavism.
• · Expression of TA 29 promoter attached to barnase express only in tapetum cells.
• · Expression of transgenes in plants is affected by? Gene silencing, Chromosome arrangement, Pleiotrophy.
• · F1 will be Heterozygous and homogeneous.
• · Facultative apomixis is the type of reproduction where carried out by both apomictic and sexual means.
• · Failure of pollen of a flower to fertilize same flower is called as? Self-incompatibility.
• · Family of Alfalfa is leguminaceae.
• · Father of biochemical genetics? Garrod.
• · Father of Biology is Aristotle.
• · Father of botany is Theoprastus
• · Father of genetic engineering is? Paul Berg
• · Father of Genetics? Gregor John Mendel.
• · Father of plant tissue culture is Haberlandt.
• · Fedrick sanger got Nobel prize in chemistry for discovering structure of insulin.
• · Fertility one direction RCBD.
• · Field experiment RCBD.
• · First cotton hybrid developed in the world was on 1970.
• · First edible vaccine is developed from Banana.
• · First Experimental Evidence in support of DNA as genetic material was given by Avery, Macleod and MacCarty.
• · First inter-specific hybrid of cotton was? Varalaxmi.
• · First inter-varietal hybrid of cotton was? H-4(C.T. Patel 1970).
• · First product of C3 plant – PGA.
• · First product of C4 plant – OAA.
• · First scented rice variety is Pusa basmati 1.
• · First stable product formed in C3 plants is? PGA.
• · First time gene was divided into cistron, muton and recon by? Benzer (1955).
• · Fishers t test is used for unpaired observations.
• · Flavr- savr Antisense RNA in Tomato.
• · Folded fibre model was given by? Dupraw.
• · For composite interval mapping in which interval mapping is combined with regression analysis.
• · For every generation of selfing heterozygosity is reduced at a rate of? 50%.
• · For resistance breeding better parent is crossed with wild relatives parent.
• · For selfing in maize both male and female parts are bagged.
• · Formation of ice crystals inter and intra cellular level is due to? Freezing stress.
• · Formation of male flowers is induced by? GA3.
• · Forward genetics is a traditional approach to study gene function that begins with phenotype proceeds to genotype.
• · Foundation seed 99.5% pure.
• · Foundation seed is otherwise known as? Mother Seed.
• · Frego bract in cotton confers resistance against? Boll weevil.
• · Frequency of complete homozygous plant in any segregating generation is by formula [(2m-1) /2m] n.
• · Family of jute is — Tiliaceae.
• · Family of Sunflower is — Asteraceae.
• · Few species of plants other than those of poaceae which produce small grains and used as food as in the of cereals are referred to as — Pseudo cereals.
• · First artificial hybrid was developed by Thomas Fairchild.
• · First case of cytoplasmic inheritance was reported by Correns in 1909 in four '0' clock plant.
• · Fitness is also referred to as selective value, selective advantage, adaptive value.