1. Safflower belongs to which botanical family?
A. Solanaceae
B. Fabaceae
C. Asteraceae
D. Euphorbiaceae
Answer: C
Rationale: Safflower belongs to the family Asteraceae (Compositae).
2. The botanical name of safflower is:
A. Helianthus annuus
B. Carthamus tinctorius
C. Guizotia abyssinica
D. Brassica juncea
Answer: B
Rationale: Cultivated safflower is Carthamus tinctorius L.
3. Safflower is mainly grown as a:
A. Fiber crop
B. Oilseed crop
C. Pulse crop
D. Sugar crop
Answer: B
Rationale: Safflower is an important oilseed crop.
4. The center of origin of safflower is:
A. India
B. Africa
C. Central Asia
D. Mediterranean region
Answer: D
Rationale: The Mediterranean region is considered the center of origin.
5. Safflower oil is valued mainly because it is:
A. Highly saturated
B. Non-edible
C. Rich in linoleic acid
D. Toxic
Answer: C
Rationale: Safflower oil is rich in polyunsaturated linoleic acid.
6. Chromosome number of safflower is:
A. 2n = 12
B. 2n = 20
C. 2n = 24
D. 2n = 34
Answer: C
Rationale: Safflower has a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 24.
7. Safflower is predominantly:
A. Cross-pollinated
B. Self-pollinated
C. Apomictic
D. Vegetatively propagated
Answer: B
Rationale: Safflower is mainly self-pollinated.
8. The inflorescence of safflower is:
A. Spike
B. Panicle
C. Capitulum
D. Raceme
Answer: C
Rationale: Like other Asteraceae members, safflower bears a capitulum.
9. The fruit of safflower is botanically called:
A. Berry
B. Capsule
C. Achene
D. Drupe
Answer: C
Rationale: The fruit is an achene.
10. Safflower root system is:
A. Fibrous
B. Adventitious
C. Shallow tap root
D. Deep tap root
Answer: D
Rationale: Safflower has a deep tap root system.
11. Safflower is best suited for:
A. Waterlogged soils
B. Heavy clay soils
C. Dryland conditions
D. Acidic soils
Answer: C
Rationale: Deep roots make safflower suitable for dryland farming.
12. Safflower is mainly grown in India during:
A. Kharif
B. Rabi
C. Summer
D. All seasons
Answer: B
Rationale: Safflower is predominantly a rabi crop in India.
13. Optimum temperature for safflower growth is:
A. 10–15°C
B. 15–20°C
C. 20–25°C
D. 30–35°C
Answer: C
Rationale: Moderate temperatures favor growth and oil synthesis.
14. Safflower is tolerant to:
A. Frost
B. Waterlogging
C. Drought
D. High humidity
Answer: C
Rationale: Safflower is highly drought tolerant.
15. Major safflower-producing state in India is:
A. Punjab
B. Karnataka
C. Maharashtra
D. Assam
Answer: C
Rationale: Maharashtra is the leading producer of safflower.
16. Recommended seed rate for safflower is:
A. 2–3 kg/ha
B. 5–7 kg/ha
C. 7–10 kg/ha
D. 15–20 kg/ha
Answer: C
Rationale: About 7–10 kg seed per hectare is recommended.
17. Recommended spacing for safflower is:
A. 30 × 10 cm
B. 45 × 20 cm
C. 60 × 30 cm
D. 90 × 60 cm
Answer: B
Rationale: Proper spacing supports branching and head formation.
18. Oil content of safflower seed ranges between:
A. 15–20%
B. 20–25%
C. 30–35%
D. 40–45%
Answer: D
Rationale: Safflower seeds contain about 40–45% oil.
19. Safflower flowers are:
A. White
B. Blue
C. Yellow to orange
D. Red only
Answer: C
Rationale: Flowers are yellow to orange-red.
20. Traditionally, safflower flowers were used for:
A. Oil extraction
B. Dye production
C. Medicine only
D. Biofuel
Answer: B
Rationale: Safflower florets were used as a dye (false saffron).
21. The edible part of safflower is:
A. Root
B. Leaf
C. Flower
D. Seed
Answer: D
Rationale: Seeds are used for oil extraction.
22. Safflower crop duration is:
A. 60–70 days
B. 80–90 days
C. 120–150 days
D. 200–220 days
Answer: C
Rationale: Safflower is a long-duration rabi crop.
23. Safflower is sensitive to:
A. Drought
B. Frost at seedling stage
C. High temperature
D. Wind
Answer: B
Rationale: Young plants are sensitive to frost.
24. Major nutrient requirement of safflower is:
A. Nitrogen
B. Phosphorus
C. Potassium
D. Balanced NPK
Answer: D
Rationale: Balanced nutrition ensures yield and oil quality.
25. Excess nitrogen in safflower leads to:
A. Increased oil content
B. Lodging
C. Early maturity
D. Higher drought tolerance
Answer: B
Rationale: Excess nitrogen causes lush growth and lodging.
26. Boron deficiency in safflower results in:
A. Leaf chlorosis
B. Flower drop
C. Poor seed set
D. Root rot
Answer: C
Rationale: Boron is essential for fertilization and seed development.
27. Major pest of safflower is:
A. Head borer
B. Aphid
C. Thrips
D. Termite
Answer: A
Rationale: Safflower head borer damages capitulum and seeds.
28. Major disease of safflower is:
A. Rust
B. Wilt
C. Powdery mildew
D. Downy mildew
Answer: A
Rationale: Rust is a common disease in safflower.
29. Safflower rust is caused by:
A. Puccinia carthami
B. Uromyces spp.
C. Alternaria spp.
D. Colletotrichum spp.
Answer: A
Rationale: Puccinia carthami causes safflower rust.
30. Safflower is best harvested when:
A. Leaves are green
B. Heads turn brown
C. Flowers are open
D. Seeds are soft
Answer: B
Rationale: Brown, dry heads indicate physiological maturity.
31. Harvesting of safflower is usually done by:
A. Multiple pickings
B. Single harvesting
C. Cutting green plants
D. Uprooting seedlings
Answer: B
Rationale: Uniform maturity allows single harvest.
32. Average yield of safflower is:
A. 300–500 kg/ha
B. 500–700 kg/ha
C. 1000–1200 kg/ha
D. 2000–2500 kg/ha
Answer: B
Rationale: Typical yields range between 500–700 kg/ha.
33. Safflower oil is recommended for:
A. Heart patients
B. Diabetic patients only
C. Infants
D. Industrial lubrication
Answer: A
Rationale: High linoleic acid content is heart-friendly.
34. Safflower oil cake is mainly used as:
A. Human food
B. Poultry feed
C. Organic manure
D. Biofuel
Answer: C
Rationale: Cake is mostly used as manure due to bitterness.
35. Safflower seeds are classified as:
A. Recalcitrant
B. Orthodox
C. Viviparous
D. Intermediate
Answer: B
Rationale: Seeds tolerate drying and storage.
36. Safflower seed germination is:
A. Hypogeal
B. Epigeal
C. Viviparous
D. Underground
Answer: B
Rationale: Cotyledons emerge above the soil surface.
37. Safflower responds well to which micronutrient?
A. Zinc
B. Iron
C. Boron
D. Copper
Answer: C
Rationale: Boron improves flowering and seed set.
38. Safflower is unsuitable for:
A. Black soils
B. Red soils
C. Sandy loam soils
D. Waterlogged soils
Answer: D
Rationale: Waterlogging leads to root diseases.
39. The spines in safflower are present on:
A. Stem only
B. Leaves and bracts
C. Roots
D. Flowers only
Answer: B
Rationale: Spines protect the plant from grazing.
40. Spineless safflower varieties are preferred because:
A. Higher oil content
B. Easier harvesting
C. Higher drought tolerance
D. Early maturity
Answer: B
Rationale: Spineless types reduce labor injury.
41. Seed multiplication ratio in safflower is:
A. Very low
B. Low
C. Moderate
D. High
Answer: C
Rationale: Moderate number of seeds per plant.
42. Safflower is classified as a:
A. Short-day plant
B. Long-day plant
C. Day-neutral plant
D. Shade plant
Answer: C
Rationale: Safflower shows day-neutral behavior.
43. Recommended isolation distance in safflower seed production is mainly due to:
A. Wind pollination
B. Insect activity
C. Water pollination
D. Apomixis
Answer: B
Rationale: Some insect-mediated cross-pollination occurs.
44. Safflower oil solidifies at:
A. High temperature
B. Room temperature
C. Low temperature
D. Boiling point
Answer: C
Rationale: High unsaturation lowers solidification temperature.
45. The tap root of safflower helps mainly in:
A. Nutrient storage
B. Lodging resistance
C. Drought tolerance
D. Disease resistance
Answer: C
Rationale: Deep roots extract moisture from deeper layers.
46. Safflower flowers are rich in:
A. Carotenoids
B. Anthocyanins
C. Flavonoids
D. Alkaloids
Answer: A
Rationale: Carotenoids give yellow-orange color.
47. Safflower is also known as:
A. False saffron
B. Golden oilseed
C. Desert bean
D. Indian mustard
Answer: A
Rationale: Flowers were used as a substitute for saffron.
48. Weed competition in safflower is critical during:
A. Germination only
B. Flowering stage
C. First 30–40 days
D. Maturity stage
Answer: C
Rationale: Early growth stage is most sensitive.
49. Safflower oil contains negligible amount of:
A. Linoleic acid
B. Oleic acid
C. Cholesterol
D. Vitamin E
Answer: C
Rationale: Plant oils are cholesterol-free.
50. Safflower is economically important mainly due to:
A. Fiber value
B. Dye value only
C. Edible oil and health benefits
D. Ornamental value
Answer: C
Rationale: Oil quality and health benefits drive its importance.
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