Important oil seed
crop grown in cool season sub tropics, higher elevations and winter
crops. Seeds contain 40 – 45 per
cent oil and 38-41 per cent protein.
Origin: India
Distribution:
China, Canada, India, Europe,
Pakistan, collectively contribute 90 per cent of the global
production. In India Uttar Pradesh,
Rajasthan, Punjab, Assam, Bihar and West Bengal.
Progenitor: Exact progenitor
is not known.
The genus Brassica contains
more than 3000 species of which 40 are of economic importance.
Cultivated Brassica can be
broadly divided in to two distinct types viz.
Vegetable type : cabbage,
cauliflower, turnip
Oil seed type - rape seed and
mustard.
Taxonomy :
Harberd (1972) examined 85 species
of Brassica and grouped species of the genus into
cytodemes. These cytodemes are
composed of different species with the same chromosome
number and which are cross fertile
and other having species with different chromosome number
and cross infertile. According to
him most important agricultural species are four diploids, three
allopolyploids, each belong to a
separate cytodeme.
Four diploids are
:
1. B.nigra - Black mustard
2. B.oleracea - Cabbage
3. B.campestris - Rape seed.
4. B.tourne frotii - Wild
turnip
Three allopoly
ploids
1. B.napus - Rape seed of
Europe
2. B.juncea - Indian mustard
3. B.carinata - sthipplam
mustard (veg / oil seed)
The genetical relationship between
the oilseed brassicas are diagramaticaly represented as
B.napus will cross readily with B.campestris but with extreme difficulty in case of B.oleracea.
%20(2).png)
0 Comments