Genetics and Plant breeding pointers 11 ✓

  

•   Mass selection is the oldest method of crop improvement.
•  Mass selection is used for nucleus seed production of pureline varities of self pollinated crop.
•   Massive parallel signature sequencing (MPSS) is one of the methods that has been developed to sequence mRNA transcripts and quantify gene expression based on individual mRNA levels in the cell.
•   Mating between phenotypically dissimilar individuals is known as phenotypic disassortative mating.
•   Molecular Pharming refers to the large-scale production and purification of pharmaceutical proteins in plants or plant-based expression systems. Plant molecular farming (PMF) is a new branch of plant biotechnology where plants are engineered to produce recombinant pharmaceutical and industrial proteins in large quantities.
•   Mating between phenotypically similar individuals is known as phenotypic assortative mating.
•   Mating system decide the type of breeding method to be used.
•   Mating system refers to method by which individuals are paired for crossed.
•   Mclintock got Nobel prize in medicine for jumping genes.
•   Mechanisms of insect resistance are given by? Painter.
•   Mendal was born on? July 22, 1822.
•   Mendal works on the 7 contrasting characters of crop? Garden pea.
•   Mendel began his famous experiments on Pea in? 1857.
•   Mendel did not face the problem of linkage however seven characters studied by him were located on four chromosomes.
•   Mendelian population is also known as? Random mating population.
•   Mendel’s results were rediscovered by Hugo de Vries, Carl Correns and T schermark.
•   Meristem culture is a method of? Tissue culture.
•   Main function of cell is definite shape; mechanical support and strength to tissues and organs.
•   Male and female sexual organs mature at the same time are known as — Homogamy.
•   Male and female sexual organs present in the same flower are known as — Bisexual.
•   Male sterility line is also known as — A line.
•   Map unit is also known as – Morgan unit (1 centimorgan = 0.1 map unit).
•   Master control of cellular functions via its genetic material (DNA) is Nucleus
•   Mather gave polygenes.
•   Megaspores can produce Pistil (megasporogenesis).
•   Meiosis I result in reduction in chromosome number in each new cell to half of the mother cell, referred to as—Reductional division.
•   Membrane enclosing cytoplasm of cell is known as plasma lemma or plasma membrane.
•   Mendel failed to confirm his findings in Hawkweed (Hieraricum).
•   Microspores can produce Anther (microsporogenesis).
•   Modification of the bulk method is Single seed descent method.
•   Modified ear to row method was proposed by — Lonquist.
•   Monohybrid genotypic ratio is 1:2:1.
•   Monohybrid phenotypic ratio is 3:1.
•   Most cultivated species of wheat are – Hexaploid.
•   Muller is related to proposition of dosage compensation.
•   Mutations may be artificially induced by a treatment with certain physical or chemical agents such mutations are known as - Induced mutations.
•   Mutations occur in natural population at a low rate are known as Spontaneous mutations.
•   Mutations produced by changes in the base sequences of genes are known as Gene or Point mutations.
•   Meristem culture technique was developed by? George Morel.
•   Metabolomics is the study of metabolites of an organism.
•   Metals used in particle bombardment method are? Gold, Tungsten.
•   Method developed by muller for detecting x linked mutations in drosophila are CIB method.
•   Method for transforming in-vitro soybean growing points with gene gun patented by shanghai university.
•   Metro glyph analysis is based on the mean.
•   Metro glyph analysis is given by Anderson.
•   Microcentres were discovered by Harlan.
•   Micropropagation is associated with tissue culture.
•  Migration is comparable to which system of mating? Genotypic disassortative mating.
•   Minimum inspection for maize bajra and jowar is 4.
•   Minimum number of interactions of hypothesis karyotype evolution tends towards as increasing number of Telocentric chromosomes.
•  Missing data is calculated using missing plot technique.
•  Mitochondria has ribosomes of 70s.
•   Mitochondria was discovered by? C.Benda
•   Mitosis term was 1st given by? Walter Flemming (1882)
•   Mixture of pure lines with a difference in single R genes is called as? Multilines.
•  Mlks is multiline kalyana sona.
•   Modern tea roses were evolved as a result of floribunda and tea crosses
•   Moisture Meter is the instrument used to measure moisture percentage of seeds moisture?
•   Monocarpic plants are those that flower and set seeds only once, and then die.
•   Monogenic sex determination is found in? Asparagus, Papaya, maize, spinach etc.
•   Monogenic traits show discontinuous type of variation.
•   More than 2 variance - chi square test.
•   More than 30 =  z test.
•   Most commonly used method for selection from segregation generations of crosses in self pollinated crops? Pedigree method.
•   Most commonly used potential chemical mutagen used for induction of male sterility? Ethidium bromide.
•  Most critical stage for irrigation in potato is stolon formation stage.
•   Most extensively used plant breeding system in hybrid development is male sterility.
•  Most mutation tolerant are? Polyploids.
•   Most of the genes are transcribed into mRNAs rather than tRNA and rRNA.
•   Most of the genes controlling biotic and abiotic stress are controlled by polygenic genes.
•   Most used in laboratory experiments – CRD.
•  m-RNA is primarily used for? Transcription of DNA.
•    Multiple effects of single gene is known as pleiotropy.
•   Murashige & Skoog medium is the most commonly used medium in plant tissue culture experiments.
•   Mutant allele that functions more effectively than a normal allele is? Hypermorph.
•   Mutant gene responsible for high lysine content in maize is? Opaque 2.
•   Name the prokaryotic organism which does not contain mitochondria? Bacteria.
•   National Seeds Corporation (NSC) functions as producer of—class of? Seeds Foundation.
•   Natural allotetraploid is potato.
•   NBPGR (National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources), is located at — New Delhi.
•   Nilsson Ehle gave inheritance of kernal colour in wheat.
•   Non-allelic interaction with modification in Mendelian ratio Dominant epistasis —12:3:1, Recessive epistasis-9:3:4, Duplicate and additive epistasis-9:6:1, Duplicate dominant epistasis-15:1, Duplicate recessive epistasis 9:7, Dominant and recessive epistatis 13:3.
•   Nucleolus staining is visualised by Silver Nitrate.
•   Natural genetic engineer is? Agrobacterium.
•   Natural populations of self pollinated species are ordinarily homozygous and heterogenous.
•   Natural selection has more role in which breeding method? Bulk breeding method.
•   Naturally occurring Auxin is? IAA.
•   Nawaschin discovered double fertilization.
•   NBPGR (National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources) is located in? New Delhi (1976).
•   NBPGR sub-station representing arid climate is located at? Jodhpur.
•   NBPGR sub-station representing mixed climate is located at? Akola.
•   NBPGR sub-station representing temperate climate is located at? Shimla.
•   NBPGR sub-station representing tropical climate is located at? Kanya Kumari.
•   NBPGR was established in 1976.
•   NCBI is expanded as National centre for biotechnological information.
•   NCD1 estimate additive and dominance effect.
•   Negative interference is observed in? Viruses.
•   NILS are developed through Backcross method.
•   NILS are very much useful in functional genomics studies.
•   Nilsson Ehle provided the genetic basis for transgressive segregation in wheat and oats.
•  Nobilized canes represent both interspecific and introgressive hybridization.
•   Non additive gene action is associated with heterozygosity and is more in cross pollinated species.
•   Non phoshorylation is related to PSI and PSII.
•   Non-edible oil yielding crop is? Castor
•  Norin 10 in wheat and Dee ge woogen in rice are important sources of dwarfing genes.
•   Nucleosome solenoid model was given by?  Arthur Korenberg and Thomas
•   Nucleus is absent in? Companion cells of phloem, RBC’s.
•  Nucleus was discovered by? Robert Brown (1983).
•  Number of chromosomes in wheat endosperm is 63.
•   Objectionable weed for mustard seed is Argemone mexicana.
•  Objectives of plant breeding: Higher yield, improved quality, biotic resistance, abiotic resistance, earliness, photo and thermo insensitivity, synchronous maturity, desirable agronomic traits, removal of toxic compounds, wider adaptability.
•  Obligate apomixis is the reproduction takes place by apomictic means.
•  Obsolete cultivars is improved cultivars of recent past.
•  Occurrence of one crossing over in region suppresses occurrence of another crossing over in its vicinity is? Interference.
•  Octaploid triticale is a cross between hexaploid wheat x tetraplod wheat.
•   Often Cross pollination crops are? Safflower, Arhar, Cotton and Sorghum
•   Oldest method of selection is? Mass selection.
•  One allele modifies other alleles on same nucleus in such a way that function of other allele remains modified for few generations is called as? Paramutation.
•  One gene one enzymes hypothesis was proposed by? Beadle and Tatum in 1941.
•   One gene one polypeptide hypothesis is by In-gram.
•   Mass selection is always based on? Phenotype.