Genetics and plant breeding pointers 38 ✓

  

      Ø  Term genetics was coined William Bateson.

Ø  Term heterosis was given by Shull.

Ø  Term horizontal and vertical resistance was given by Vanderplank.

Ø  Term mutation was coined by Hugo de Vries.

Ø  Terminator sequence in genes prevent seed germination in second season.

Ø  Terms prophase, metaphase and anaphase were coined by? Strasburger.

Ø  Test between two population variance is done by F test.

Ø  Test cross ratio in case of duplicate gene action will be 3:1.

Ø  Test used for comparing two means from independent samples - t test.

Ø  Tetrad is seen in? Pachytene

Ø  Tetrazolium solution used is 0.5 to 2%.

Ø  Tetrazolium test is for testing seed viability

Ø  TGMS and PGMS are commercially used in HSP of which crop for the 1st time? Rice

Ø  TH Morgan got Nobel prize in medicine for for gene theory and linkage.

Ø  The ability of inbred to transmit desirable performance to hybrid progenies is called as? Combining ability

Ø  The accepted theory of Mendal was? Law of Segregation

Ø  The artificial hybridization in fruit and vegetable crops was first used by? T. A. Knight

Ø  The basic principle used in PCR was put forth by Kary Mullis.

Ø  The best method for developing disease resistant plants is? Back crossing

Ø  The biotechnology applied to agriculture process is known as? Industrial Biotechnology

Ø  The Blue biotechnology is a term that has been used to describe? The marine and aquatic application

Ø  The Book ― Micrographia written by? Robert Hooke

Ø  The bread wheat is? Hexaploid

Ø  The bulk method of breeding was used by Nilson Ehle in 1908.

Ø  The cell division followed during the formation of micro and megaspores are? Meiosis.

Ø  The cells without cell wall? Protoplasts

Ø  The Central Seed Testing laboratory is located in? Varanasi & Nagpur

Ø  The characters which expresses at a particular environment is called as? Threshold character.

Ø  The chromosomes are seen as J shaped during metaphase are? Acrocentric chromosome

Ø  The colour of the tag prescribed for foundation seed? White

Ø  The concept of gamete selection to increase the frequency of superior gametes was given by? Stadler

Ø  The concept of pure lines theory was developed by? Johannsen (1903), Danish biologist

Ø  The concept of Totipotency was originally presented by? Gottlieb Haberlandt.

Ø  The crop also known as Egg plant is? Brinjal.

Ø  The crop also known as Pungent pepper is? Chilli.

Ø  The cross between inbred line and open pollinated variety was done in? Top cross.

Ø  The crossing of F₁ with one of its parents is called? Back Cross.

Ø  The cultivated banana is a? Auto triploid.

Ø  The difference in behaviour or activity between the alleles contributing by 2 parents in an individual is? Genetic imprinting.

Ø  The disease resistance is governed by? Several genes.

Ø  The Dot blot technique helps in detection of? DNA sequence

Ø  The double helix model of DNA proposed by? Watson and Crick (1953)

Ø  The extra chromosome in a primary trisomic is an? Normal chromosome

Ø  The extra chromosome in a secondary trisomic is an? Isochromosome

Ø  The extra chromosome in a teritory trisomic is an? Translocated chromosome.

Ø  The Father of Modern Genetics? T.H. Morgan.

Ø   The first artificial hybrid was made by Thomas fairchild.

Ø  The first generation progeny of hybrid is called? Segregate.

Ø  The first genetically modified food product was a? Tomato (which was transformed to delay its ripening).

Ø  The first transgenic cotton was developed in 1987 by? Monsanto company.

Ø  The first 'true' allopolyploid triticale according to today's definition was bred in 1888 by the famous German plant breeder W. Rimpau.

Ø  The general breeding method is? Introduction.

Ø  The general or basic concept in the development of synthetic varieties is? Exploitation of hybrid vigour.

Ø  The GM crop which was recently at the centre of a controversy in India? Bt Brinjal.

Ø  The heterosis is also known as? Hybrid vigour.

Ø  The process the paddy is steeped in water for 24 hrs and then steamed under pressure is known as – Par boiling of Rice.

Ø  The hypothesis which explains that allopolyploids evolved by inter-specific hybridization followed by chromosome doubling is? Winge Hypothesis.

Ø  The hypothesis which explains that horizontal resistance is the cumulative effect of those vertical resistance genes which succumbed to corresponding virulence genes of pathogens is? Ghost gene hypothesis.

Ø  The Ideotype that performs well in genetically heterogenous population is? Competition ideotype.

Ø  The Ideotype which performs best in commercial crop densities is? Crop Ideotype.

Ø  The incompatibility reaction of pollen is controlled by the genotype of plant which it is produced is called as? Sporophytic self-incompatibility.

Ø  The individual with AAXX are? Females.

Ø  The inflorescence of Banana, Arecanut, Coconut, Datepalm? Spadix.

Ø  The inversion where centromere is involved in the inverted segment is? Pericentric inversion.

Ø  The isolation distance prescribed for the production of Hybrid Paddy seeds? Foundation Class-200 metres, Certified class 100 metres.

Ø  The law which explains that characters found in one species also occur in other related species is? Law of Homologous series of Variation.

Ø  The law which states that gene and genotypic frequencies will remain constant from generation to generation if there is no selection, mutation, migration or random drift is? H-W law.

Ø  The lines are homozygous and homogeneous in nature called as? Pure line.

Ø  The longest mitotic phase is? Prophase.

Ø  The main function of Golgi body is? Packing & Transport of food materials.

Ø  The main objectives of hybridization are? Combination breeding, Transgressive breeding & Developing new F₁’s.

Ø  The main source of male sterility in Bajara? Tift-23 A.

Ø  The main source of male sterility in sorghum? Tift-60.

Ø  The male sterility used, where seed is not an economical product/value is? CMS.

Ø  The material contained in vacuoles? Cell sap.

Ø  Thermal degradation of biomass in to volatile and non-volatile products prior to combustion? Pyrolysis.

Ø  Thumb and nail method of emasculation is mostly followed in cotton.

Ø  Thymine cytosine uracil pyrimidines with single ring.

Ø  Tift 23 is important source of male sterility in pearl millet.

Ø  Tift60 and combine kafir 60 is important source of male sterility in sorghum.

Ø  Tilling is a reverse genetic approach that combines chemical mutagenesis with PCR based screening to identify point mutation in the area of interest

Ø  To distinguish a double crossover product we need at least three genes on a linkage group.

Ø  To ensure reproductive success the crop plants has to attract pollinators.

Ø  Tomato is self pollinated and flowers are not attractive whereas in potato, brinjal and tobacco flowers are some extent attractive.

Ø  Total accession is present in base collection.

Ø  Total haploid content per nucleus is C value.

Ø  Toxic substance in alfalfa is? Saponin and plant estrogen.

Ø  Toxin present in cotton is gossypol.

Ø  Toxin present in Rapeseed and Mustard is erucic acid.

Ø  Toxin present in soybean is goitrogens.

Ø  Techniques for identifying specific chromosome segments are Fluorescent staining and chromosome banding.

Ø  Telomeres can be stained by T- banding technique.

Ø  Telomeres occur usually at the ends of the Chromosomes.

Ø  Term epistasis was first used by Bateson.

Ø  Term genetics coined by Bateson.

Ø  Test cross ratio of dihybrid is— 1:1:1:1.

Ø  TGMS: Thermosensitive Genetic Male Sterility.

Ø  The 2n no. of chromosomes in Drosophila is 8.

Ø  The frequency of recombination between two linked genes cannot exceed —50%.

Ø  The frequency of spontaneous mutations is generally - 10^-6.

Ø  The fusion of one of the two sperms with the egg cell producing a diploid zygote is known as — Fertilization.

Ø  The gene occupying a fixed position in the chromosome is referred to as Locus.

Ø  The genes that can either initiate or block the expression of other genes is known as — Regulator genes.

Ø  The genetic interactions occur in between the two alleles of a single gene is referred as Allelic interaction.

Ø  The genetic makeup of an organism is known as Genotype.

Ø  The graphical representation of the karyotype is referred to as Idiogram.

Ø  The grasses and legumes are grown in pasture lands where the animals are led to graze are known as — Pastures.

Ø  The Group of genes situated on the same chromosome is known as linkage group.

Ø  The group of plants produced from a single plant through asexual reproduction is called as – Clone.

Ø  The heterosis is estimated over the superior parent such an estimate is referred to as Heterobeltiosis.

Ø  The hulling percentage of rice is — 20%.

Ø  The ideal phase of harvest of fiber from the just is Plants are in small pods

Ø  The infloresence in rice is called as — Panicle.

Ø  The interaction between genes belonging to different pairs of alleles, the dominant allele in one of the pairs preventing the dominant allele in the other pair from expressing itself is referred to as Epistasis.

Ø  The introduced variety may be subjected to selection to isolate a superior variety. Alternatively, it may be hybridized with local varieties to transfer one or few characters from this variety to the local ones is called as Secondary introduction.