Genetics and Plant breeding pointers 21 ✓

1. Oil content of Sunflower- 40-50%
2. How much content of poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) are there in the sunflower oil-90%
3. Scientific name of safflower is Carthamus tinctorius.
4. Banarasi rai is variety of Black or true mustard
5. The fibers are separated by stem through the process called as Retting
6. Old world cotton is also called as Desi cotton or diploid cotton
7. Example of diploid cotton G. herbaceum (Uppam cotton) G. arboreum (Karunkanni cotton)
8. American cotton is also called as New world cotton or Tetraploid cotton 
9. Examples of Tetraploid cotton G. hirsutum (Upland cotton) G. barbadense (Sea lsland cotton
10. In cotton longer out growth fiber is called as - Lint
11. In cotton short out growth fiber is called as - Fuzz
12. Cotton species having only lint G. barbadense.
13. The process of removal of lint from epidermal layer of the cotton seed is called as Ginning.
14. The ratio between lint and seed in cotton seed is called as -Ginning percentage.
15. Which type of pigment present is in cotton seed-Gossypol
16. Oil content of cotton seed is 20%.
17. Family of jute is Tiliaceae.
18. Commercial jute fiber is obtained from- 1. Corchorus capsularis (white or bitter jute), C. olitorius (Tossa jute).
19. The ideal phase of harvest of fiber from the just is Plants are in small pods.
20. Silk cotton is obtained from Inner wall of the fruit.
21. Cultivated species of sugarcane Noble cane (2n-80): Saccharum officinarum. Indian cane (2n-82-124) S. barberi Chinese cane (2n-118): S. sinense
22. Wild species of sugarcane Wild cane (2n-40-128): S. spontaneum Wild cane (2n-60-194): S. Robustum
23. Inflorescence in sugarcane called as Arrow.
24. The Plants which are, cultivated as forages crops and they are cut and fed to animals in stalls are known as - Fodders
25. The grasses and legumes are grown in pasture lands where the animals are led to graze are known as Pastures.
26. Scientific name of napier grass Pennisetum purpureum
27. Scientific name of guinea grass Panicum maximum
28. Scientific name of Buffel grass Cenchrus ciliaris
29. Scientific name of johnson grass S. halapense
30. The Queen of fodder is Lucerne (or) Alfalfa
31. Basmati rice is having aromatic component due to presence of-Pandamarilactione.
32. Example of mutation variety of rice is - Jagannath, Parbhani, Satari.
33. Who is father of hybrid rice Yuan Long Ping.
34. CGMS: Cytoplasmic Genetic Male Sterile
35. CMS: Cytoplasmic Male Sterile
36. GMS: Genetic Male Sterility
37. EGMS: Environmentally Induced Genetic Male Sterility
38. PGMS: Photosensitive Genetic Male Sterility
39. TGMS: Thermosensitive Genetic Male Sterility
40. Semi dwarf varieties of wheat are 64, Mayo 64 and Lerma Roja 64.
41. Ear to Row Selection was first proposed by Hopkins 
42. Modified ear to row method was proposed by Lonquist.
43. Example of Single cross hybrid varieties in maize - COH 1, COH 2.
44. Example of three way cross hybrids varieties in maize-Ganga 5.
45. Example of double cross hybrid varieties in maize-COH3.
46. Example of double top cross hybrid varieties in maize- Ganga safed 2. Hi starch, Ganga 4.
47. Example of short duration (<70 Days) variety in sorghum C022.
48. Which one is red grain variety of sorghum Paiyur 2.
49. Sorghum is an Often cross pollinated crop.
50. BN1 (Cumbu napier hybrid) is a cross between-P. glaucum X P. purpureum
51. Tift 23 is Highly susceptible to downy mildew.
52. Example of minor millet Fox tail millet: Setaria italica Kodo millet: Paspalum scrobiculatum Barn yard millet: Echinocola colona Proso millet: Panicum miliaceum
53. Example of short duration variety in red gram-Prabhat, ICPH 8
54. Origin of groundnut is - Brazil
55. Which is first hybrid of sunflower in India BSH 1.
56. The ability of a plant to complete its life cycle before serious soil and plant water deficit occurs is referred to Drought escape.
57. First artificial hybrid was developed by-Thomas Fairchild.
58. Who developed individual plant selection method - Nilson- Ehle.
59. Who proposed the pureline theory Johannsen
60. PIRRCOM means: Project of Intensification of Regional Research on Cotton, Oilseeds and Millets.
61. The All India Coordinated Maize Improvement Project was started in 1957.
62. Who proposed centres of origin N.I. Vavilov(1926).
63. Crop plants evolved from wild species in the areas showing great diversity are known as Primary centres of origin.
64. In some areas, crop species show considerable diversity of forms although they did not originate there, such areas are known as Secondary centres of origin
65. Who gave this statement 'Law of Homologous Series in Variation N.I. Vavilov.
66. Eight main centres of origin were originally proposed by N.I. Vavilov.
67. Within the large centres of diversity, small areas may exhibit a much greater diversity than the centre as a whole, these areas are known as Microcentres.
68. Primitive cultivars selected and cultivated by farmers for many generations are known as Landrace.
69. The conservation of germplasm under natural conditions is referred to as In situ conservation.
70. The preservation of germplasm in gene banks are known as Ex situ conservation.
71. Germplasm is stored as seeds of various genotypes which are known as Seed bank.
72. Seeds which show very drastic loss in viability with a decrease in moisture content below 12 to 13% are known as Recalcitrant seeds.
73. Example of Orthodox seeds corn, wheat, rice, carrot, papaya, pepper, chickpea, cotton, sunflower
74. Example of Recalcitrant seeds citrus, cocoa, coffee, rubber, oil palm, mango, jack fruit
75. IPGRI (International Plant Genetic Resources Institute) is located at Rome
76. NBPGR (National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources), is located at New Delhi.
77. Directorate of Plant Protection Quarantine and Storage is located at Faridabad.
78. An organisms does not involve fusion et male and female gametes. New plants may develop either from vegetative parts of the plant (vegetative reproduction) or they may arise from embryos that develop without fertilization are known as Asexual reproduction.
79. The seeds are formed but the embryos develop without fertilization is called as Apomixis
80. An organism reproduction involves fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote, which develops into an embryo are known as Sexual reproduction
81. The progeny test was developed by Louis de Vilmorin
82. In the plants, male and female gametes are produced in specialized structures known as Flowers
83. In the plants, meiotic division of specific cells take place in-Stamen and Pistil
84. Productions of microspores and megaspores are known as Sporogenesis.
85. Microspores can produce- Anther (microsporogenesis).
86. The production of male and female gametes in the microspores and the megaspores respectively, is known as-Gametogenesis.
87. When the pollen fall onto the stigma of a flower, it is known as-Pollination.
88. The Pollen, along with the pollen tube, is known as- Microgametophyte.
89. The development of embryo sac from a megaspore is known as Mega gametogenesis
90. The fusion of one of the two sperms with the egg cell producing a diploid zygote is known as Fertilization.
91. Pollen from an anther may fall on to the stigma of the same flower is called as Self- pollination or Autogamy.
92. When pollen grains from flowers of one plant are transmitted to the stigmas of flowers of another plant, it is known as - Cross pollination or Allogamy
93. When pollen from a flower of one plant falls on the stigmas of other flowers of the same plant, it is known as Geitonogamy.
94. In some species the flowers open but only after pollination has taken place in the situation called as Chasmogamy.
95. Example of Monoecy plants-Castor, Mango, Banana, Maize.
96. Example of Dioecy plants Papaya, date palm.
97. In some crop species pistils mature before stamens is called as Protogyny.
98. In some crop species stamens mature before pistils is called as-Protandry.
99. Which plant exhibits both monoecy and protandry Maize.
100. The failure of pollen to fertilize the same flower or other flowers on the same plant are known as Self incompatibility
101. The absence of functional pollen grains in otherwise hermaphrodite flowers is called as male sterility
102. The process that leads to the adaptation of a variety, line or population to a new environment is known as- Acclimatization
103. The mating between genetically similar or closely related individuals are known as Inbreeding
104. The mating between genetically dissimilar individuals or between less closely related individuals is referred to as - Outbreeding
105. Genetic male sterility is caused by Nuclear genes
106. Cytoplasmic male sterility is caused by- Cytoplasmic genes
107. How to maintain the male sterility line Cross between (A line x B line)
108. Male sterility line is also known as A line
109. The chemicals used for chemically induced male sterility are called Male Gametocides.
110. The ratio of genetic variance to the total variance is known as Heritability
111. When the introduced variety is well adapted to the new environment, it is released for commercial cultivation without any alteration in the original genotype is called as - Primary introduction
112. Example of Primary introduction varieties Sonora 64, Lerma Rojo, IR8, IR28 and IR 36
113. The introduced variety may be subjected to selection to isolate a superior variety Alternatively, it may be hybridized with local varieties to transfer one or few characters from this variety to the local ones is called as Secondary introduction
114. Evaluation of the worth of plants on the basis of performance of their progenies is known as Progeny test
115. Progeny test is also called as Vilmorin Principle
116. The sudden heritable change is known as Mutation
117. The mating or crossing of two plants or lines of dissimilar genotype is known as Hybridization
118. The seeds as well as the progeny resulting from the hybridization are known as Hybrid
119. The removal of stamens or anthers or the killing of pollen grains of a flower without affecting in any way the female reproductive organs is known as Emasculation
120. When two species of the same genus are crossed, it is known as Interspecific hybridization
121. When the species belong to two different genera, it is called as Intergeneric hybridization
122. The parents involved in hybridization belong to the same species are known as Intra-specific hybridization
123. The term self-incompatibility was coined by - Stout
124. Modification of the bulk method is - Single seed descent method
125. A cross between a hybrid and one of its parents is known as Backcross
126. The recipient parent repeatedly used in the backcross programme is known as Recurrent parent
127. The donor parent used only once in the backcross programme is known as Non-recurrent parent
128. The ear-to-row method was developed by Hopkins (1908).
129. Recurrent selection for specific combining ability (RSSCA) was first proposed by Hull (1945).
130. Reciprocal recurrent selection was proposed by- Comstock, Robinson and Harvey (1949).
131. When an inbred is crossed with an open-pollinated variety it is known as Top cross.
132. When cross is made with an inbred hybrid, synthetic or open-pollinated variety the common parent used in the test- cross is known as Tester
133. The group of plants produced from a single plant through asexual reproduction is called as - Clone
134. Mutations produced by changes in the base sequences of genes are known as Gene or Point mutations
135. Some mutations changes in chromosome structure, or even in chromosome number are known as mutations.