Genetics and Plant Breeding Pointers 8

  

 

• Boom and bust cycle of pest outbreak was given by? Priestly.
• Brassica juncea is Scientific name of Rai.
• Brassica juncia was evolved from? B. compestris × B.nigra.
• Brassica Nigra was evolved from? B. compestris × B.oleracia.
• Breeders seed is 100% pure.
• Breeding for yields generally aims in recovery of? Transgressive segregants.
• Breeding method for self-pollinated crops are? Pure line selection, Mass Selection, Progeny selection, Bulk Method, Pedigree method, single seed descent method, Back Cross Method.
• Buffering capacity of genotype to environmental fluctuations is called as? Homeostasis.
• Bulbosum technique is normally used for Haploid plant production.
• Bulk method was first used by? Nelson Ehle in 1908.
• Banarasi rai is variety of — Black or true mustard.
• Barr body was first discovered by Murray bar.
• Base analogue by 5 bromouracil.
• Basmati rice is having aromatic component due to presence of – Pandamarilactione.
• B-Chromosomes are also called as — Accessory chromosome / Super numerary chromosome.
• B-Chromosomes recorded was by — Longley and Randolph in Maize (1927).
• BN1 (Cumbu napier hybrid) is a cross between — P. glaucum × P. purpureum
• Bridges discovered genic balance theory of sex.
• Bye products of sugar cane mollases, cane wax, pressmud, trash.
• C and M cytoplasm of maize resistant to Helminthosporium.
• Castor seed contain a unique hydroxy fatty acid called¬ Ricinoleic acid.
• Castor seed have toxic protein such as — Ricin.
• Castor seed oil is stored in — Endosperm.
• Cell wall of differentiated cell has three distinct parts 1. Middle lamella, 2. Primary cell wall, 3. Secondary cell wall.
• CGMS: Cytoplasmic Genetic Male Sterile.
• CMS: Cytoplasmic Male Sterile.
• Chromosome theory of heredity was proposed by Sutton.
• Cistron, Recon and Muton was given by Benzer.

• Classification of chromosomes on the basis of number of centromeres:

  Monocentric (one centromere usual),
• Dicentric (Two centromere- wheat),
• Polycentric (many centromeres- Ascaris),
• Acentric (Without centromere- do not survive).

• Classification of chromosomes on the basis of position of the centromere decides the shape of chromosome:

  Metacentric - two equal arms V shaped,
• Submetacentric - sub median position L shaped,
• Acrocentric - before end J shaped,
• Telocentric - towards end rod shaped.
• Complete synaptonemal complex is found in which stage-Zygotene.
• Coupling and repulsion phase by Baetson and Punett.
• Crop plants evolved from wild species in the areas showing great diversity are known as - Primary centres of origin.
• Cybrid term was given by Bunn et al.
• Cytoplasmic Genetic male sterility genes are controlled both by Cytoplasmic and Nuclear genes.
• Cytoplasmic inheritance- T cytoplasm – Maize, Tift-23A cytoplasm – Cumbu Susceptible to disease.
• Cairns gave the circular chromosomes in E coli.
• Camerarius described sexual reproduction in Maize crop.
• Capacity of a pathogen to incite a disease is called as? Virulence
• CDNA microarray provides rapid screening for a very large number of samples, but does not detect unknown genes.
• Cell linkage theory was proposed by Virchow.
• Cell Theory given by? Scheleiden and Schwann (1839).
• Characters of sex linked inheritance are observed high in? Heterogametic sex.
• Charles Darwin proposed theory of natural selection.
• Chasmogamy is when fertilization after pollination.
• Chemical or physical agent which greatly enhances the frequency of mutation? Mutagen.
• Chiasma type theory of crossing over was proposed by? Janssens.
• Chi-square test- (O-E)²/E.
• Chromosome doubling restores hybrid fertility.
• Chromosomal theory of inheritance by Sutton and Boveri.
• Chromosome was discovered in 1875 by? Strasburger.
• Chromosomes are seen as smallest in? Anaphase.
• Chromosomes are shortest and thickest in? Metaphase.
• Cistron is largest unit within a gene.
• Cleistogamy is pollination or fertilization of unopened flower bud.
• Clipping method of emasculation is done in Rice crop.
• Clonal selection is mostly used in crop? Ginger.
• Clones are normally degraded by viral infection.
• Clones are said to be immortal, but deteriorate due to? Viral infections and Mutations.
• Clones have identical genotypes but not in? Phenotype.
• Co-dominant markers are suitable for hybridity analysis.
• Codon usage bias refers to differences in the frequency of occurrence of synonymous codons in coding DNA.
• Co efficient of variation is square root of standard deviation.
• Coiling of snail segregation occurs in F2 stage.
• Coix is found in the species of maize.
• Colchicine are used for triploids.
• Collinearity of polynucleotide and polypeptide sequences was given by Crick.
• Combined kafir germplasm is associated with Sorghum.
• Commonly used technique in Arabidopsis is agrobacterium mediated.
• Commonly used vector for DNA sequencing is M13.
• Community saviour award is given by PPVFRA authority.
• Competition between gametes carrying mutant and normal alleles is called as? Haplontic selection.
• Complete failure of vertical resistance leads to a disease epidemic called as? Vertifolia effect.
• Composite variety is developed by? Cross pollination.
• Composition of unsaturated fatty acid in sunflower oil is? 85%.
• Concept given by Mahalnobis is D2 statistics.
• Concept of core collection is given by Frankel.
• Concept of Population genetics was developed by Hardy and Weinberg.
• Concept of pureline theory was developed by Johannsen (1903).
• Conservation genetics is the application of genetics to understand and reduce the risk of population and species extinctions.
• Conservation of germplasm away from its natural habitat is called as? Ex-situ Conservation.
• Conservation of germplasm in its natural habitat protecting it from human interference is called as? In-situ Conservation.
• Contact method of crossing is followed in Ragi.
• Continuous inbreeding (Selfing) leads? Homozygosity.
• Conversion of fat into carbohydrate is seen in? Glyoxylate cycle.
• Cop that provides documented example of long time effects of selection is sugar beet.
• Correlation was given by Galton.
• CRD is used when experimental area is small and homogenous.
• Cri du chat is caused by deletion of short arm of 5th chromosome.
• Cross between Sweet William and Carnation is also called as? Fair Childs mule.
• Cross of an inbred line with an open pollinated variety is known as Top cross.
• Crossing of F1 with of its recessive parent is called? Test Cross.
• Crossing over and recombination occur during? Meiosis division.
• Crossing over term was used first time by? Morgan and Cattell.
• Cross-linking of DNA is due to? Alkalyting agents.
• CSSLs (chromosome segment substitution lines) are a complete library of introgression lines with chromosomal segments of usually a distant genotype in an adapted background... [rest is intact as provided].
• Brown revolution - leather or cocoa production.
• Commercial jute fiber is obtained from Corchorus capsularis (white or bitter jute), C. olitorius (Tossa jute).
• Cotton species having only lint — G barbadense.
• Cultivated species of sugarcane, Noble cane (2n=80): Saccharum officinarum., Indian cane (2n=82-124) S. barberi, Chinese cane (2n=118): S. sinense
• Cultivated potato is autotetraploid.
• Cultivated species of groundnut is tetraploid.
• Culture and then double haploids is? Reverse breeding.
• Cytokinin are a class of plant hormones that promote cell division in plant roots and Shoots.
• Cytokinin is mostly synthesized in? Root tips.
• Cytoplasm doesn’t contain RNA.
• Cytoplasmic male sterility is best suited for hybrid seed production in vegetative propagated crops.
• D2 statistics comes under second order statistics.
• DART markers are useful in the study of orphan crops.
• Darwin wrote book cross and self fertilization in vegetable kingdom.
• Davis gave top cross.
• Degrees of freedom is number of independent comparisons.
• Dehiscence of anthers of flowers before stigma is receptive is called as? Protandry.
• Delta enzyme is for lagging strand synthesis.
• De-oxy ribose sugar lacks oxygen atom at? 21 carbon position.
• Design which form squares is Latin square design.
• Detrimental effect of host plant on the development of insect is called as? Antibiosis.
• Development of average phenotype irrespective of environmental or genetic variation is? Canalization.
• Development of embryo from the egg cell is parthenogeneisis.
• Development of seed by self-pollination is? Autogamy.
• D F Jones gave the Double cross.
• Diagrammatic representation of karyotype is? Ideotype.
• Diallele selective mating design is given by? Jenson.
• Diallele in self-pollination was given by Jinks and Haymann.
• Dichogamy is maturation of anthers and stigma of the same flower at different times.
• Differences within pure line are due to? Environment.
• Different alleles produce a same phenotype is? Isoalleles.