MCQ on Genetics and Plant Breeding for various Agriculture Exams Part - 11

1. Which of the following is NOT a type of gene interaction?
   a) Complementary gene action
   b) Duplicate gene action
   c) Epistasis
   d) Translocation

2. In plant breeding, what is a “landrace”?
   a) A genetically modified variety
   b) A locally adapted traditional variety
   c) A pure line
   d) A hybrid

3. What is the function of the centromere during cell division?
   a) To replicate DNA
   b) To attach spindle fibers and hold sister chromatids together
   c) To synthesize proteins
   d) To separate homologous chromosomes

4. Which of the following best describes the “pedigree method” in plant breeding?
   a) Mass selection of plants
   b) Backcross breeding
   c) Selection based on individual plant records over generations
   d) Hybrid seed production

5. What is the expected phenotypic ratio for recessive epistasis?
   a) 9:3:3:1
   b) 9:3:4
   c) 12:3:1
   d) 15:1

6. Which of the following is a quantitative trait?
   a) Flower color in Mendel’s peas
   b) Seed shape in peas
   c) Grain yield
   d) Seed texture

7. Which type of mutation leads to the addition or loss of one or more nucleotides?
   a) Point mutation
   b) Insertion or deletion (Indel)
   c) Silent mutation
   d) Transition

8. Which term describes a population of plants that are genetically uniform?
   a) Hybrid population
   b) Pure line
   c) Landrace
   d) Heterogeneous population

9. Which is the correct definition of ‘genetic drift’?
   a) Selection of favorable alleles
   b) Random changes in allele frequencies due to chance
   c) Increase in heterozygosity
   d) Crossing over during meiosis

10. Which of the following is a trait controlled by a single gene?
    a) Plant height
    b) Flower color in Mendel’s pea plants
    c) Grain yield
    d) Leaf area