MCQ on Genetics and Plant Breeding for various Agriculture Exams Part - 13

1. Which of the following best describes “Linkage”?
   a) Independent assortment of genes
   b) Genes located close together on the same chromosome inherited together
   c) Mutation in genes
   d) Gene interaction

2. What does ‘F1 hybrid’ mean?
   a) First generation selfed plants
   b) First generation offspring of two different parent lines
   c) Backcross progeny
   d) Mutant plants

3. Which plant breeding method is most effective for self-pollinated crops?
   a) Hybridization
   b) Backcross breeding
   c) Pure line selection
   d) Mass selection

4. What is the expected genotypic ratio from a monohybrid cross between two heterozygotes?
   a) 3:1
   b) 1:1
   c) 1:2:1
   d) 9:3:3:1

5. Which genetic term describes the physical manifestation of a gene?
   a) Genotype
   b) Phenotype
   c) Allele
   d) Locus

6. Which of the following techniques is used to amplify a specific DNA segment?
   a) Southern blotting
   b) Gel electrophoresis
   c) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
   d) Cloning

7. What is the main objective of backcross breeding?
   a) To develop hybrids
   b) To transfer a specific gene from donor to recurrent parent
   c) To increase heterozygosity
   d) To induce mutation

8. In quantitative genetics, “genetic variance” refers to:
   a) Variation caused by environment
   b) Variation due to genetic differences among individuals
   c) Variation caused by mutation
   d) Variation due to selection

9. Which of the following is NOT a type of mutation?
   a) Point mutation
   b) Insertion
   c) Deletion
   d) Segregation

10. Which is the unit of inheritance?
    a) Chromosome
    b) Gene
    c) DNA
    d) Nucleus