MCQ on Genetics and Plant Breeding for various Agriculture Exams Part - 14

 

1. What is the chromosome number in a haploid cell?
   a) 2n
   b) n
   c) 3n
   d) 4n

2. The technique used to separate DNA fragments based on size is called:
   a) PCR
   b) Gel electrophoresis
   c) Hybridization
   d) Cloning

3. Which of the following is a measure of genetic diversity within a population?
   a) Phenotypic ratio
   b) Heterozygosity
   c) Genotypic ratio
   d) Allele fixation

4. In plants, the male gamete is produced in:
   a) Ovule
   b) Pollen grain
   c) Style
   d) Stigma

5. Which plant breeding method is used to introduce a single gene from a donor to a recipient?
   a) Mass selection
   b) Hybridization
   c) Backcross breeding
   d) Mutation breeding

6. What is the role of DNA polymerase during DNA replication?
   a) Unwinds DNA
   b) Synthesizes new DNA strand
   c) Joins Okazaki fragments
   d) Initiates transcription

7. Which genetic phenomenon explains the 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio?
   a) Linkage
   b) Incomplete dominance
   c) Independent assortment
   d) Codominance

8. What is ‘epistasis’ in genetics?
   a) Interaction between alleles of the same gene
   b) Interaction between genes at different loci
   c) Mutation causing gene loss
   d) Genetic drift

9. Which of the following is true about ‘pure lines’?
   a) Heterozygous
   b) Homozygous and uniform
   c) Genetically variable
   d) Developed by hybridization

10. Polyploidy in plants often results in:
    a) Reduced size
    b) Increased cell size and vigor
    c) Sterility in all cases
    d) Reduced chromosome number