Genetics and Plant breeding pointers 40

 

·         Pathogen cause disease of all host genotype called aggressive pathogen.

·         Pathogen produced many life cycle in during crop period is known as compound interest disease.

·         Pathogen produced one life cycle during crop period is known as simple interest disease.

·         Pedigree method is most commonly used scheme for segregating generation in self-pollinated crops.

·         Perticular disease occur in regularly and sever from called hot spot of particular disease.

·         PGSH51 was first commercial hybrid of rapeseed.

·         Phenology is plant important for determining its yield and adaptability.

·         Phenotypic differences in pure line variety is due to environment.

·         Phenotypic variation of clone is due to environment.

·         Photoperiod sensitive genetic male sterility means gene expressed only a particular photo period.

·         Physical barrier present between anthers and stigma to prevent self pollination called herkogamy.

·         Physical mutagen are given most number of mutant varieties.

·         Phytoalexin have either fungicidal or fungistatic category.

·         Pistil mature after stamens called protoandry.

·         Pistil mature prior to stamens called protogyny.

·         Pitic62 is a variety of wheat resistant to drought.

·         Plant grow and develop in desert land called xerophytes.

·         Plant grow and develop in excess of water is known as hydrophytes.

·         Plant grow and develop in nutrient solution in absence of soil moisture called hydroponics.

·         Plant grow and develop in optimum soil moisture called mesophytes.

·         Plant grow and develop in salt condition called Halophyte.

·         Plasma gene mutation is induced by ethidium bromide.

·         Pollen along with pollen tube, containing one vegetative and two generative nuclei is known as microgametophyte.

·         Pollen mother cell (PMC) undergoes meiosis and produces four haploid cells called microsporogenesis.

·         Pollen mother cell undergoes meiosis and produce four microspore.

·         Pollen of one flower falls on stigma of another flower of same plant is known as geitonogamy.

·         Pollination control is difficult where develop a synthetic variety is of great value.

·         Pollination occurring naturally without restrictions is known as cross-pollinated/open-pollinated varieties.

·         Poly cross is used for GCA generally pollination is difficult to control.

·         Polygenes, the allele of gene having no effect of trait is known as negative allele.

·         Polygenic reaction is quantitatively inherited.

·         Population selected by mass selection looking like mixture of pure lines.

·         Porometer an instrument measure stomatal apparatus.

·         Position of gene chromosome called locus.

·         Potato variety Kufari red is the selection from Darjeeling red round.

·         Potato variety Kufari safed is a selection from phulawa.

·         Powers (1944) suggested that heterosis term used as superior or inferior hybrid to parents.

·         Prabhavati is a mutant variety of rice.

·         Present breeding method totally depend on artificial selection.

·         Primex fist (Brassica hita) was first variety develop for mutagenesis.

·         Pristely (1978) suggested Boom and Bust cycle.

·         Probably parent of G. hirsutum is G. hirsutum and G. raimondii.

·         Production of male (microspore) and female (megaspore) gametes called gametogenesis.

·         Production of male gametes or sperm called microgametogenesis.

·         Production of megaspore (female gametes) called megasporogenesis.

·         Progeny test is based on progenies produced by crossing with an inbred process is known to recurrent selection for SCA.

·         Progeny test is based on progenies produced by crossing with an open pollinated synthetic variety process is known as recurrent selection for GCA.

·         Progeny test is the evaluation of the progeny on the basis of performance.

·         Progeny test was develop by Vilmorin.

·         Proline is the associated with the drought tolerance. Ideotype of wheat and rice for dry land agriculture was proposed by R.D. Asana and Choudhary and Rao (1982) respectively.

·         Proportion genotype in a population is known as genotype frequencies.

·         Proportion of economic yield to biological yield called harvest index.

·         Protandry generally occurs in sugarbeet and marigold.

·         Protein term is suggested by Berzelius (1930).

·         Protein term used by the Muldar.

·         Protina and Rattan are variety of maize having Opaque-2 gene for high nutritional quantity specially for lysine and tryptophane enzyme contents.

·         Protogyny is found in pearl millet.

·         PSCS is a proline biosynthesis gene.

·         Psychrometer an instrument used to measure tissue water potential.

·         Pulse off – season crop grown in Sangala (Kinnur) and Lahul spiti (H.P.)

·         Pure line and clone crop select a single plant and develop a new variety.

·         Pure line is the progeny of single, homozygous self pollinated plants.

·         Pure line selection has been most commonly used method for self pollinated and often cross pollinated crop.

·         Pure line selection is also known as individual plant selection.

·         Purine is replaced by purin and pyrimidin is replaced by pyrimidin called transition.

·         Purity of pure line variety maintained by mass selection.

·         Pyrimidin is replaced by purin and vice versa known as transversion.

·         Random mating is usually used for progeny testing.

·         Ranjan is a mutant variety of lentil.

·         Ratio of beneficial mutation is 1:800-900.

·         Recessive mutation is detect almost impossible in clonal crops and difficult in polyploidy species.

·         Recessive oligogenic mutation can be selected in M2 generation.

·         Removal of methyl group (-CH3) group from DNA is called demethylation.

·         Removal of -NH2 group from DNA bases is known as deamination.

·         Reproduction capacity of the species is known as fecundity.

·         Reproduction without union of male and female gamets is known as asexual reproduction.

·         Resistant governed by oligogenes, selection is more effective than polygenes.

·         Rhoades discovered cytoplasmic male sterility.

·         Rice flower have six stamens.

·         Rice variety Damodar, Jhona 349 and Getu. Are highly tolerant to saline/alkaline soil.

·         Rice variety Jaya and Padma were developed through cross from T1XT141.

·         Richey (1927) suggested convergent improvement in crop plants.

·

·        Ro is a variety of rapeseed having low erucic acid content in Canada.