Genetics and Plant breeding pointers 39

 

·         Sacb gene (transgene) protect tobacco from salt stress.

·         Saccharum spontaneum show resistant to drought and salinity.

·         Saccherum officinarum is a noble canes.

·         Sal 1 gene plant origin resistant for salt in yeast.

·         Salt 1 was isolated to Arabidopsis is and transferred in to yeast give resistant to high salt stress.

·         Same plants bear male, female and hermaphrodite flowers called gyno andro monoecious flower i.e. Cucumber.

·         SCA estimated by full sib family.

·         Secale cereal is a botanical name of Rye.

·         Seed are formed but embryo develop without fertilization called apomixis.

·         Seed for progeny test are obtained after two generation of selfing is known as S2 family selection.

·         Seed, pollen grain and vegetative propagule used for mutagen treatment.

·         Seedling treatment with colchicines is only 3-24 hrs.

·         Selection by natural means called natural selection.

·         Selection can be made by man is known as artificial selection.

·         Selection intensity is highest and the entire population is called zero selection.

·         Selection is based on phenotype.

·         Selection is usually started from F2 generation.

·         Selection means identification and isolation of most desirable types of individual in heterogeneous population.

·         Selection of plants on the basis of visual assessment of their performance is known as visual selection.

·         Selection utilize genetic variability in existing population.

·         Self incompatibility is used for hybrid seed production of Brassica spp.

·         Self pollinated crop have no genetic load.

·         Self pollinated crop showing less than 5% cross pollination.

·         Self pollinated crops and some times often cross pollinated crop show less in vigour are due to in breeding.

·         Self pollinated species as assumed develop from cross pollinated species.

·         Self pollination decrease heterozygosity.

·         Self pollination increase homozygosity.

·         Selfing increase the number of completely homozygous plant.

·         Selfing reduced Half (1/2) fifty per cent reduced heterozygosity in each generation.

·         Sesame oil contain antioxidant sesamole with increase self life of oil.

·         Sexual reproduction occurs along with apomixis is called facultative apomixis.

·         Sexually propagated crop seed are treated for mutation.

·         Shull (1909) suggested to development of inbred from open pollinated variety by continuous selfing.

·         Shull (1914) given the term heterosis.

·         Shull first develop inbred lines.

·         Sick plots are created for testing of soil borne diseases.

·         Simple recurrent selection is most suitable for character having high heritability.

·         Simultaneous improvement in two population in which one population is tester for another population is known as reciprocal recurrent selection.

·         Single cross hybrid is cross with open pollinated variety is known as double top cross.

·         Single cross hybrid, obtained by crossing two inbreds.

·         Source of gamma rays like radiation 14C and 60 Co etc.

·         Soybean protein deficit to methionine.

·         Sparrow is a variety of wheat resistant to rust.

·         Sporophytic self-incompatibility reaction is governed by single gene with multiple alleles.

·         Sporophytic self-incompatibility was first reported in 1950 by Hughes and Babcock in 1950.

·         Sprague and Tatum (1942) given a concept of combining ability.

·         Stadler suggested gamete selection in inbred line for improvement of maize crop.

·         Suheson give the term evolutionary method of breeding.

·         Sweet potato ploidy level are 6X.

·         Synthetic variety are maintained by open pollinated varieties in isolation.

·         Synthetic variety exploit heterosis which is due to GCA (General combining ability).

·         Synthetic variety having major genetic variability.

·         T1419 is the variety of triticale release by PAU Ludhiana.

·         Tensiometer an instrument measure soil moisture.

·         Term harvest index was proposed by Donald (1962).

·         Tetraploid cottons contribute 90% of total world production.

·         Tetrasomic form have one quadrivalent.

·         The back cross method of inbred improvement generally used traits with high intensity.

·         The book mutation research written by Auerbanc.

·         The dose of mutagen produced maximum frequency of mutation and minimum killing called optimum dose.

·         The megaspore mother cell undergoes meiosis and produce four haploid cells called megaspore and process megasporogenesis.

·         Thomas Fairchild (1717) produce first artificial hybrid.

·         Those crop propagated asexually called clone.

·         Those crops show inbreeding depression aim of breeding method minimum inbreeding depression.

·         Total deleterious allele present in mating population is known as genetic load.

·         Total gene present in a population are known as genepool.

·         Transfer of restorer gene CMS lines are used as female parents.

·         Treatments of biological material with mutagen is called mutagenesis.

·         Triple fusion ultimately leads to formation of endosperm.

·         Triploid was first reported by Gates in 1908.

·         Trisomic term was coined by Blakeslee (1921).

·         Triticale is often cross pollinated variety.

·         Triticale is the first man made cereal crop.

·         Triticum compactum is a botanical name of club wheat.

·         Triticum turgidum has the genome constitution of AABB.

·         Triticum turgidum var durum is a botanical name of durum wheat.

·         Two years are required for simple recurrent selection.

·         Ultra violet is a low energy radiations and has very low penetrating capacity.

·         Under selection genetic variability of the population decreases oil content of maize found in embryo.

·         Univalent shift generally occur in monosomic lines.

·         Up to 15 exchangable sodium percentage crops are affected.

·         Up to flowering of pulse crop near about 35% biomass is produced.

·         Usually develop in new variety take 10-12 years.

·         Varalaxmi is a first interspecific hybrid of cotton.

·         Variability stored in heterozygotes is known as heterozygotic potential variability.

·         Variation and selection is a basic step of plant breeding programme.

·         Variation of parent and offspring correlation will be zero when variation is non heritable.

·         Varietal crosses use to exploit heterosis in earlier.

·         Variety develop through mass selection is likely to be similar to original population in regard to adoption.

·         Variety show selected for mutagenesis is best variety available in crop.

·         Vertical resistant is likely to be more virulence against a simple interest disease than compound interest disease.

·         Vijpla, Vijay and Kalyan cotton varieties develop through back cross method.

·         Vilmorin practiced individual plant in sugarbeet for sugar content.

·         Vilmorin select individual plant of sugarbeet on the basis of progeny test.

·         Viral infection is more responsible of clonal degeneration than other.

·         Wavelength of soft X-rays is 10-1A⁰

·         Wavelengths of a radiation is small it has high penetration power.

·         Weak competitiior is a central feature of crop ideotype.

·         Wheat and barley off season crop grown in Wellington (T.N.).

·         Wheat crop having full series of nullisomics.

·         X = rays and Gamma rays used as mutagen produce electromagnetic radiation.

·         Yellow revolution is related to oilseed production.

·         ZEM1 and ZEM2 varieties of Brassica napus contain zero erucic acids.

·         β-rays is a mutagen create ionizing radiation.