General Agriculture Pointers 1 ✓

Cytokinin promotes cell division in plant roots and shoots.
Mist chamber is used for hardening plants' roots after in vitro media.
Gibberellin promotes stem elongation and seed germination.
Rambutan is a popular garden fruit tree.
Fernery is a specialized garden for growing and displaying ferns.
Mango and Orange are examples of facultative apomicts.
Cuniculture is the agricultural practice of breeding and raising rabbits.
Penjing is the ancient Chinese art of growing small trees and plants, similar to Bonsai.
Saikei is the art of creating miniature landscapes.
Bonsai is the art of growing trees in containers while shaping them.
Murashige & Skoog medium is the most commonly used medium in plant tissue culture.
Stratification involves subjecting seeds to cold and moist conditions for germination.
Vanilla is the second most expensive spice after saffron.
The Netherlands is the world’s leading exporter of flowers.
13% moisture is ideal for certified rice seeds.
Slugs and Snails are gastropod pests of Orchid and Anthurium.
Bitter gourd and Coccinia are cucurbits used to treat diabetes.
Concentrates and Roughages are the main components of cattle feed stuffs.
Gibberellin promotes stem elongation and seed germination.
Rambutan is a popular garden fruit tree.
Fernery is a specialized garden for growing and displaying ferns.
Mango and Orange are examples of facultative apomicts.
Greenhouses and Mist chambers are structures used to harden plants in an agricultural nursery.
The optimum spacing for wheat is 22.5 cm (line to line).
Slugs and Snails are the most common gastropod pests.
Silver iodide and Dry ice are substances used for artificial rain simulation.
White fly and Leaf hopper are the vectors of yellow vein mosaic disease of Okra.
Mass flow and Diffusion are two mechanisms that control the exchange of gases between the soil and the atmosphere.
Brinjal and Snake gourd are vegetables of Indian origin.
(A x B) x (C x D) refers to a double cross hybrid.
The Seeds Act was enacted in India in 1966 by the Parliament.
Mechanical measures are adopted only where land slope is greater than 2%.
The most dangerous disease of potato is late blight (Phytophthora infestans).
National Seed Corporation (NSC) was registered in 1963.
The nucleus was discovered by Robert Brown in 1833.
Pattambi local is a variety of horse gram.
Preethi is a variety of bitter gourd.
World Food Day is observed on 16th October 1945.
Half of the interquartile range is quartile deviation.
One bale of cotton is equal to 170 kg.
The first hybrid variety of Pearl millet was HB-1 in 1965.
14 commercial banks were nationalized on 19th July 1969.
The third oldest bank in India was established in 1806 as the Bank of Calcutta.
The first enzyme discovered in yeast was zymase in 1897 (by Eduard Buchner).
The first hybrid variety of sorghum was CSH-1, released in 1965.
The first intergeneric hybrid was Raphino brassica (Radish x Cabbage).
Greenhouses and Mist chambers are structures used to harden plants in an agricultural nursery.
Cytokinin promotes cell division in plant roots and shoots.
Mist chamber is used for hardening plants' roots after in vitro media.
Father of agronomy is - Peter Decresenzi.
Dr. Biwant Rajis the founder of Relay cropping .
The Directorate of cropping System research is located at - Modipuram , Meerut, U.P.
Scientific study of mixed cropping was firstly done by - La-Flitze (1928)
Relay cropping concept was derived from - Relay race
Natural Resource management is an example of sustainable agriculture
Cropping System is a component of - framing System
When the sub crop are sown to supplement of yield of the main crop , the sub crops are known as -- augmenting crops
The main crop is grown in the centre , surrounded by hardly or thorny crops, the sub crop is known as - guard crops
The yield of both crops , grown together are found to be higher than the yield of their pure crops on unit area , such cropping is known as -- synergetic cropping 11. What is a cash crops -- those crops , which may be sold directly from the field without processing like vegetables , potato, etc.
Formula of Cropping Intensity = Total Cropping Area /total sown area *100
The growing of two or more crops on the same field in a year is called -- multiple cropping
The practice of raising grasses or pasture , is also known as -- ley farming
In India , the maximum acreage and production of wheat is in UP
The type of fruit of wheat is Caryopsis
The optimum temperature for ideal germination of wheat is 20 to 25 °C
Norin-10 gene was brought to USA by - S.c. salamone 1984
The dwarf winter variety of wheat first time developed through using Norin gene by - Dr. O.A.Vogel (USA)
Triple gene dwarf variety were released in 1970
Which is double gene dwarf varieties of wheat - HD 2204, Janak, UP 215, Pratap, Kalyansona, Arjun, Sonara 64
Single gene dwarf varieties are - Sonalika , Girija, UP-262 ,Wl 711,Lerma Rojo 64A
The protein found in wheat floor which is helpful for chapati making - Gluten
Central Zig - Zag axis of wheat is called -Rachis
Mexican dwarf wheat was evolved by - Dr. N. E. Borlaug
The toxic alkaloid found in the leaves of sorghum crops is - Dhurin or HCN
CSH 1 was released as first dwarf sorghum hybrid in 1964
Which crop is known as camel crops - Sorghum
Native of jowar is Africa (Ethiopia & Sudan)
The maximum area & Production of jowar is in Maharashtra
Jowar is poor in lysine but rich in - Leucine
The inflorescence of jower is called – Panicle 33. First hybrid variety of bajra is HB-1 (1965) developed at PAU, Ludhiana
Protein content in Bajra is 11-12 %
Origin of bajra is Africa.
Bajra is sensitive to - water logging and Acidic soil
The largest producer state of cotton in India is -Gujarat
Bad opening of balls is known as - Tirak
In cotton , the maturity of fibre is judged by – Arealometer
Which type of incompatibility is found in mango - Gametophytic
Mango variety , most suitable for high density planting is Amarpali
Mango inflorescence contains , which type of flowers - male and hermaphrodite
The off season mango variety is - Niranjan
The only mutant cultivarr of mango is – Rosica
Magnifera contains about 41 species.
The regular bearing varieties of mango are - Neelum , Banglora , pairi, etc.
Mosambi a sweet orange cultivar was introduced from - Mozambique
The edible portion of citrus fruits is -Juicy placental hairs
The first record of the name grape fruit in Jamaica was in – 1814
The Banana breeding was first stared at - Imperial college of tropical agriculture in Trinidad (1922).
Banana Breeding was stared in India in 1949 at Central Banana Research station , aduthurai (TN).
Banana can be stored at - 13 C and 85 % RH
Banana initiate flowering 9-12 months after Planting
The yellow pigment in papaya is caricaxanthin.
Papaya is the richest source of vitamin A next to mango it contains 2020 IU/ 100 g fruit
King of temperate fruit is - Apple
Family of apple is Rosaceae
Mother of all delicious group of cultivars is - Red delicious
The king of arid fruit is Ber.
The commercial propagation method off grape is - hard wood cutting
In India the black soil is mostly found in - Maharashtra
Red soil is mostly found in – Tamilnadu
The soil which is most suitable for most crops is - sandy loam
Red colour in the red soils is due to presence of various oxides of irons
The vertical section of the soil showing the various layers from the surface to the unaffected parent material is known as - soil profile .
The arrangement of soil particles and their aggregate into certain defined is called - Soil structure
Particle density of soil is also known as - true density
Generally the particles density of normal soil is - 2.65 gram/cm3
The bulk density of normal soil is - 1.33 g/cm 3
The formula of porosity of soil is - porosity =100-(bulk density / Particle density )
The certain exchange capacity (CEC) of montmorillonite is - 60-100 me / 100 gm
The first soil classification system was developed by - russion scientist Dokuchaev (1880)
The U.S classification system the soil orders are – 10
Formula of bulk density is= wt. of soil / volume of solids and pores
Law of minimum was given by - Vn Liebig (1840)
Top most mineral horizon is - A horizon 185. exchangeable sodium %age is also known as soluble %age
The term pH was introduced by Sorensen (1909)
Energy exchange elements are H & O
K & Na is determined by Flame Photometer.
Micro nutrient is also known as - trace element , Oligo -element or spurned elements.
Crop logging technique was given by - H. F. Clements.
Metal nutrients are - K, fe, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu.
Highly mobile nutrients are - N,P,K.
Criteria of essentiality was proposed by Arnon & Stout (1939)
The term fictional nutrient was proposed by - Nicholas (1961)
Moderate mobile nutrient is Zn 196. FYM contains - 0.5% N , 0.2 % P2O5 & 0.5 % K2O
The P is available at 6-7 pH
Bio fertilizers are - Rhizobium , Azotobacter, Azospirillum , PSB, VAM,BGA, etc.
Approx. 20 gram of rhizobium culture is required to treat one kg seed
One packet of rhizobium culture contains 20 gram of rhizobium culture
Azotobacter is used for - Rice , cotton , Sugar cane
Azospirillum bio fertilizer used for Sorghum
The cytoplasm and nucleus combinedly called - protoplasm
Synthesis of IAA in plants requires Zinc
The term phytohormone for hormones of plants is suggested by - Thimann (1948)
The term genetic resources was coined by - Frankel
Mendel began his famous experiments on Pea in 1857
Mendel Paper entitled “Experiments in Plant Hybridization “ was presented in German Language in two papers in 1865 (Feb. 8 and march 8)
Mendel Paper published in the annual proceeding of society in 1866
The term “Genetics” was coined by - Bateson (1905)
The term gene , genotype and phenotype were used by - Johannsen in 1903
Germplasm theory was proposed by Weismann
Crossing over term was used first time by- Morgan and cttell in 1911
Operon model of gene regulation was discovered by - Jacob and Monad 1961
The term chromosome was coined by -Waldeyer in 1888
One gene one enzmes hypothesis was proposed by- Beadle and Tatum In 1941
First time gene was divided into cistron, muton and recon by Benzer (1955)
Sex chromosomes are also known as allosomes
Crossing over occurs in - Pachytene stage
The tendency of two or more genes to remain together in the same chromsome during inheritance is referred to as - Linkage
Chiasma type theory of crossing over was proposed by -Janssens
Genic balance system of sex determination was proposed by- bridge in 1922
Monogenic sex determination is found in - Asparagus , Papaya , maize , spinach etc.
The homozygous progeny of a self - pollinated homozygous plant is known as - Pure lines The concept of purelines theory was developed by -Johannsen (1903), Danish biologist
Breeding method for self -pollinated crops are - Pure line selection , Mass Selection , Progeny selection, Bulk Method, Pedigree method , single seed descent method , Back cross Method
A multiline variety is a mixture of -Several pure lines
Bulk method was first used by- Nelson Ehle in 1908
The modification of bulk method is - Single seed descent
In pure line Theory ,Johannsen was working on- Princess variety of Rajma
Mass Pedigree Method was proposed by- Harrington in 1937
The oldest method of selection is - mass Selection
Progeny test was developed by -Louis de Vilmorin
Progeny Test is also known as - Vilmorin isolation principle
Single seed Descent method applied for the first time in oat in 1965 by – Graphius
The term recurrent selection was coined by -Hull in1945
The use of synthetic varieties for commercial cultivation was first suggested in maize by-Hayes and Garber , 1919
Synthetic varieties are maintained by-open Pollination
A synthetic variety can be developed from-Inbreeds, clones and open pollinated varieties .
The general or basic concept in the development of synthetic varieties is - Exploitation of hybrid vigour
The concept of disruptive mating and selection was developed by - Mather (1953) and Thody (1958)
The Concept of dialled selective mating system was originally develped by - jonsen in 1970
The hetrosis is also known as - Hybrid vigour
The term heterosis was first used by - Shull in 1914
Dominance theory was proposed by - Devenport in 1908
The cross between inbred line and open pollinated variety was done in - top cross method
The resistance of host to the particular race of a pathogen is known as - vertical resistance
Vertical resistance is governed by- One or few genes
The resistance of host to the all race of a pathogen is known as - Horizontal resistance
The concept of gene for gene hypothesis was first developed by- flor in 1946
The disease resistance is governed by- several genes
Who developed the concept of vertical and horizontal resistance - j. E . Vender Plank (1963)
Father of genetic engineering is - Pual Berg
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed by - Dr. Karl Mullis (1980)
Golden rice was developed by Ingo protrykus and peter Bayer
The plant part , which is used for regeneration is called - Explant
A mass of regenerated cells i culture medium is called - Callus
the suspension of free cells of callus in a liquid medium is known as - Suspension culture
the regeneration capacity or ability of a plant cell to develop into whole plant is known as – Totipotency
What is the embryogenesis - It is the process of formation of somatic embryos from callus
the process of dirrerentiation of shoot & root from the somatic embryos is called – organogenesis
Regeneration of whole plant from anther is called - anther culture
Haploid are developed by - Anther culture
The Blue biotechnology is a term that has been used to describe - The marine and aquatic application of to describe
The biotechnology applied to agriculture process is known as -Industrial Biotechnology
the first genetically modified food product was a -Tomato , which was transformed to delay its ripening
M-RNA is primarily used for - Transcription of DNA
RFLP stands for - Restricting fragment length polymorphism
Plant tissue culture was begun by - G. Haberlandt (German botanist ) in 1808
research in the area of tissue culture was first stared in India at - Department of Botany , DU in 1960s
National bureau of plant genetics resources is situated at -New Delhi
The project on Indian mustard oil with higher b-carotene is initiated by - TERI
A genotype developed by the process of genetic engineering is called - Transgenic
what is gene cloning - A technique of genetic engineering , which is used to make several identical copies of a gene is called gene cloning
which soil borne bacterium is used for developed of transgenic plants - agrobacterium tumifaciens
In potato, the protein quality has been improved by - transferring serum albumin gene from human
In tobacco, cold resistance power has been achieved by transfering gene from -Arabidopsis thaliana
Little leaf of citrus is caused by - MLO,s
Pahala blighted s.cane is caused due to deficiency of - Mn
Reclamation disease is caused due to the deficiency of – Cu
Late blight of potato is caused by - Phytophthora infestans (fungi)
Bunchy top of banana is caused by – virus
Grassy shoot disease of s.cane is caused by – mycoplasma
kresek in rice is caused by - Xanthomonas oryzae
heart rot of sugar beat is casued by - Deficiency of boron
Most dangerous disease of potato - Late blight of potato
Philology disease in plants is caused by - Mycoplasma
Club root of cauliflower is caused by- Plasmodiosphora brassicae
Sheath blight of rice is caused by- Rhizoctonia solani
vector of leaf -curl disease in cotton is - White flies
Orobanche is a parasite associated with – tobacco
Akiochi disease is due to - sulphur toxicity
White rust of crucifers is caused by - Albugo, candida , fungi
Ufra disease in rice is caused by- Nematode
Whiptail of cauliflower is due to the deficiency of - Mo.
Vector of rice tungro virus is - Green leaf hopper
Kresek symptom is found in - Bacterial blight
Loose smut disease of wheat is a - Internally seed Borne
Mantek Disease of rice is caused by - Rice root nematode
Yellow leaves of tea occur due to the deficiency of – Sulphur
Die back of shoots occur due to deficiency of - Copper
Die back is the major disease of rose in India
Crop showing maximum resistance to nematode is - Marigold
The late blight disease destroy the potato crop of Ireland in 1845
Father of pathology is - Anton de berry 359. Father of mycology is - P.A. Micheli
Life cycle of wheat rust is given by - K.C. Mehta
Top sickness of tobacco is caused by - Deficiency of boron
The pathogen associated with the discovery of bordeause mixture is - Plasmosphora viticola
Loose smut of wheat can be controlled by seed treatment of – Vitavax
Late blight of potato was introduced in India for first-time in - nilgiri –hills
Black heart of potato is caused by - Poor ventilation in storage (lock of oxygen)
The tundu disease of wheat is usually associated with nematode known as – anguina tririci
Udabatta disease of rice is due to -- Ephelis oryzae
Ring rust of Aonla is caused by - Ravenellia emblica var. fructoidae
Flag smut of wheat is caused by - Urocystis gramines
Leaf curl disease of tobacco is caused by virus and it is transmitted by - White fly
Leaf blight of cotton is caused by - Alternaria macrospora
father of nematology – Bastian
Father of Microbiology - Louis Pasteur
Bacterium was discovered by – Antony van leewenhock
fungicide used in the control of smut is – Vitavax
father of modern Plant pathology is - Anton de Berry
bordeaux mixture was developed by - P.M.A. Millardet
Common nematicides are - DD Mixture , Phorate , Etylene bromide , etc.
Central Plant protection training institute is situated at - Hyderabad ( AP)
first plant protection adviser to govt. of India - H.S. Pruthvi.
integrated pest control term was coined by - Bartlett ( 1956)
The Term “ Pest Management “ was given by - Geier (1970)
The blood colour of insects is - Green with yellow
Honeybees belongs to the order of – Hymenoptera
Entomology word was taken from - Greek language
Father of Insect Physiology is – Wiggelworth
The first pesticide was discovered by -Millardet-(1882)
DDT was discovered by - Zedler scientist
First insecticide discovered was – DDT
Plant protection and quarantine Act was pased in the year of – 1912
insecticide act was passed in 1968
destructive insect and Pest Act was passed in – 1914
Maximum %age of insecticide is used in which crop - Cotton (54 %)
“Warfarin “ is a rodenticide
Contact insecticides are - DDT, Malathian , Aldicarb , Monocrotophos , Aldrin , etc.
Bio pesticides are - NPV, GV, Bacillus thuringiensis etc.
Pest population should be kept below the - Economic Threshold level
Very safest insecticidede for honeybee – Endosulphon
Rat poison is known as - Zinc phosphide (Zn3P2)
Lead arsenate was first used in 1832 by Moulton 401. Overhead cost is known as - Fixed cost
Price theory is a branch of - Mico- Economices
Average cost is e ual to - Total cost / Output
Land rent is an example of fixed cost
prime cost is also known as - Variable cost
opportunity coast is also known as - alternative cost
The father of economics is - Adam Smith
Diminishing return is also known as - Law of variable
The most effective way to overcome the defects of agricultural marketing is - Regulating marketing
the law of variable proportion is generally referred to as the - law of diminishing return production is a function of - Factors
AGMARK act was enforced in a year – 1937
In mixed farming , the contribution of livestock to gross farm income is at least
Input -Output relationship is also known as - production function
Those product , in which two product produced together are called - joint product
Dumping activity is seen under - monopoly
Export - Import bank of India was set up on - 1st January , 1982
IRDP was stared in the year of - 2 Oct , 1980
When marginal production is zero , then total production is – maximum
KVK is also known as - Farm science centre
KVK was stared in the year 1974
Operational Research Project was stared in the year 1974-75
lab to land programme was stared in the year - 1979 June 1
National agri. technology project was stared in the year 1998-99
KVK was recommended by- Mohan Singh Mehta Committee (1974)
Community Development Project was stared on – 1952
National Extension Service (NES) was stared in the year of 1953
Firka Development Scheme was launched under the guidance of National Commission of Agriculture was set up by government of India – 1970
HYVP was started in the year of 1966
Marthendam programme was started by - Dr. Spencer Hatch in 1921
etawah Pilot project was started by - Mr.Albert Mayer in Sep 1948
Indian village Service was started in 1945 by - Mr. Arther T. Mosher and Shri BN gupta
The aim of Etowah Pilot project is - Introducing intensive work on the Rural reconstruction front
Intensive Agriculture District programme was popularly known as - Package programme
IRDP was lunched on - 2 oct 1980
National Agricultural Research project was launched in - Jan, 1979
T&V system was evolved in - 1973 by Israeli expert Daniel Benor At Turkey
Training of Rural Youth for Self Employment ( TRYSEM) in 1979
Total number of KVK operating in the country till Dec 2011 – 600
Antuadya Yojana was started in 2 oct 1977
Sampoorna Grammeen Rojgar Yojna was started in the year of 2001
FCI was started in 1970 443. FISCAL commission was appointed in 1949
Multiple Cropping Programming was Started in 1966
First irrigation commission was appointed in 1901
first deptt. of agriculture was established in 1881
the extension work must be based on the - Need and interest of people
Father of Extension- J Paul Leagons
father of Sociology- August Commte
National agricultural innovation project was started in – 2005
Total number of national bureaux are – six
Formula of coefficient of variance is - SD/Mean *100
t test is generally used , when sample size is < 30 454. The correlation coefficient lies between - -1 to + 1
The experimental design ,which simultaneously control the variation in two directions is known as LSD
The basic principles of field experimentation - 1 Replication 2 Randomized 3 Local control
The technique of analysis of variance was developed by - R.A. Fisher
If fertility gradient of land is in two directions , the experimental design will be - Latin Square design
the most commonly used measure of control tendency is - Arithmetic mean
Cumulative frequency is also known as – Ogive
The term ’ Kurtosis ’ was given by - Karl Pearon (1906)
Laplace used the normal distribution in - Analysis of errors of experiments
the important method of least squares was introduced by - Legendre in 1805
The name “ Normal distribution “ was coined independently by - Peirce Galton and Lexix , (1875)
Normal distribution is also known as - Law of error ,law of facility of error, lapace’s seconf law , gaussian law etc.
Generalize mean is also known as - Power mean or Holder mean
The standard deviation is widely used measure of - Variability ordisperson
The term standard deviation was first used by - Karl Pearson in 1894
if mean , medium and mode is equal , then skewness will be – zero
Correlation’s are useful because they can indicate a - Predictive relationship
which ANOVA is used when the experimenter want to study the effects of two or more treatment variables - Factorial ANOVA
Which ANOVA is used when the subjects are subjects to repeated measures , in which the same subjects are used for each treatment - Two- Way Anova
The completely randomized design is considered to be most useful in situation where 1. The experimental units are homogeneous 2. The experimental are small such as Laboratory experiments 3. Some experimental units are likely to be destroyed
In field experiments the commonly used design is – RBD
For chi- square test , the minimum sample size should be – 50
Define biometry - It deals with observation with living thing
mean , median and mode are equal in - normal distribution
most frequent number in a data set , is known as - mode
The well-known example of skewed distribution is - Personal wealth
Harmonic mean is the - Reciprocal of arithmetic mean
the term z - test is often used to refer specifically to the - one sample location test
t Test is a - Parametric test 483. the goodness of fit test is also known as - kolmogorov - smirnov test
The number of independent pieces of information that go into the estimate of a parameter is called - Degree of freedom
The typical symbol for degree of freedom is - d.f.
F-test was coined by - George W. Snedecor , in honour of sir Ronald A fisher
The term “ water harvesting “ was first used by – myors
The force working with the attraction of water molecules toward each other is known as - Cohesion
The force working with the attraction of water molecules toward solid particles is known as – Adhesion
The water held tightly to the surface of soil particles by adsorption forces is known as - Hygroscopic water
Water held by force of surface as continuous film around soil particles and in capillary space is known as - capillary water
Capillary water is held between tension of 31 and 1/3 atmosphere
The movement of water from the surface into the soil is Called - Infiltration
The water moves freely in response to gravitational force and drain out of the soil is called as gravitational water
The water between field capacity & permanent wilting point is called as - Available water
Drip irrigation concept was proposed by - Simcha blass
One ha. Cm of irrigation is equal to 100000 litters
major source of irrigation in India is wells (52%)
Which irrigation method is widely used in fruit orchard - Bain method
Intermittent on & off system used in irrigation method is
the automatic method of surface irrigation is - Coblegation
leading state in drip irrigation in India is - Maharashtra
Soil moisture is measured by - Tension meter
Water requirement of irrigation wetland rice is about -1500MM
total water requirement of sugarcane crop is 200-300 cm
in saline soil , the method for irrigation used s - flood method
pF value was first introduced by- Schofield
vertical movement of water in soil is known as – Percolation
ET are measured by – Lysimeter
parsall flume is used for measurement of - water Flow
Sericulture is also known as -Silk Farming
the rearing of silkworms for the production of raw silk is known as – Sericulture
How much silkworms are required to produce 1kg of silk 5500
How much people are engaged in various sericulture activities in the country - 60 lakh
Central Sericulture research & Training Institute is situated at - Mysore , Karnataka
Sericulture has been practiced for at least 5000 years in china
Apiculture is also known as bee keeping
Apiculture word was taken from - Latin world
A location where bees are kept is called An Apiary
A beekeeper is also known as - Apiarist
A beekeeper bee in order to - Collect honey , bee wax, to pollinate crops , to produce bees for sale
What is beekeeping - I is maintenance of honey bee colonies , commonly in hives , by humans
the two economically important products of bee keeping is Honey and wax
average yield of Indian bee is - 6-8 Kg /Cony / year
The main freshwater fish are - Cop and catfish
the main brackish - water fish are - Hilsa and mullet
central Institute of marine Fisheries Research was established - Kochi , Kerala
The central inland fisheries Institute was established at - Barrack pure (W.B)
The central institute of fisheries technology was est. at - Wwellindon Island near Kochi , Kerala
Hydroponics’ is also known as - Soil less culture
The Method of growing plants using minerals nutrients solutions , in water, without soil is called - hydroponics
In 1699 john Woodward published his water culture experiment with the crop of – Spearmint
Hydroponics traditionally known as - solution culture
First time who promoted that solution culture can be used for agriculture crop production - Prof. William Frederich Gericks , University of California at Berkeley in 1929
The term Aquaculture for hydroponics was used for the first time by Prof. William F.G. 536. The Mutant Varity of rice is - Jagannath
The Pecursor of vitamin - A is - Beta carotene
Azolla is a - aquatic fern
The Blur revolution in India was started during - fifth five year plan (1970)
Evergreen revolution is related to - Sustainable crop Production
Precision Farming is also known as - Site specific management
SRI technique Was developed in – Madagascar
The term synecology was given by - Schroter & Kirchner (1902)
Pusa Mukta is the cultivar of Cabbage
World’s super rice variety , which is suitable for saline / Alkaline soil conditions is –Lunishree
NRCMAP is currently est. at- An and (Gujarat)
IPR stands for - intellectual Property Right
Beaufort Scale is used t measure - WIND pressure / strength
What is dioeciously ? Those plants which contain on male and female flowers
The element that play an important male and female protoplasm constituent is – calcium
Wheat is a C3 plant
The plant parasite nematode was first time reported by -Kanche
Mean ,Median and Mode is equal in - Normal distribution
The inflorescence of jowar is called – Panicle
Gromer , SCU and CDU are the - Slow release fertilizers
Low of tolerance was introduced by - SHELFORD
End product of glycolysis is – Pyruvate
define lithophytes - The plant grown is rock cervices are called lithophytes
During glycolysis , the Net gain of ATP is - 2
Phosphorus is extracted by - Olsen method
The correlation between price and demand of a commodity is –negative
The limit of partial correlation coefficient is - -1 to +1
For reclamation of saline and Alkaline soils used are - Gypsum and Pyrite
The term ecosystem was coined by - A.G.Tansley (1935)
What is parthenocarpy - The development of fruit without fertilization
The development of embryo without fertilization is called - Apomixes
Relative humidity is measured by- Pshychrometer
Father of Indian pale botany is - Birbal sahni
The weed used for ornamental purpose is- Lantana Camera
The core component of chlorophyll is – Mg
The soybean is sown at the depth of - 3 cm
The most prominent soil of India is - Alluvial soil
Chaisma is seen during - Diplotene sub - Phase
The current method used for control of bollworm in cotton is - Bt. transgenic cotton produced
Photo- Respiration occurs in – Chloroplast
Water use efficiency is highest in which plants - CAM Plants
Chromosomal theory of inheritance was proposed by- Sutton & Boveri
The price fixed by govt. is called - minimum support price
The present farming system of India has become - Market oriented
Which chemical is mostly used for breaking tuber dormancy in potato-thiourea
The term water harvesting was first time used by - Mayers
The first commercial hybrid cotton of the world is - Hybrid -4
International Day for biological diversity - 22 May
Measuring of heights one by – Clinometer
The number of electrons for convertion of No3 to NH4-16
Bangalore is also known as Garden city
origin of potato is from - Peru (S. America)
Dormancy breaking hormone is – cytokinin
the element involved in energy transfer and storage in plants is - Phosphorus
Fruit ripening hormone is – Ethylene
which is the antidote of insect poisoning -Atropine
Minimum support price is formulated by- CACP(total 28 crops)
Luxury consumption or maximum uptake nutrient is- K
Crop canopy temperature is measured by - Infra red thermometer
Secondary Plant nutrients are- Ca, Mg, & S
Hulling %age in rice is - 65 % .
Which method of sugar cane sowing prevents the lodging - Trench method
Inflorescence of sugarcane is called – Arrow
Shedding of plants part is due to - ABA hormone
First hybrid in the world of red gram is -ICPH-8
The most preferable soil structure for agriculture is - Granular & Crumby
Taxonomically organic soils are – Histosols
Which soil is most suitable for dry land agriculture - Black soil
First man made cereal is – Triticale
Dead heart and white ear disease is related to – Rice
IBPGR is situated at - Italy , Rome
India’s share in the fruit production in the world is 10 %
What is relay cropping - The second crop sown before harvesting of first crop
Measurement of sunlight intensity is expressed in - Lux units(old)/Einstein(new)
In water logged arid gas found in abundant – Methane
Curing process is related to the crop- Tobacco
The book “ nature & Properties of soil “ is written by - N.C. Brady
Chemical used for delinting of cottons - H2So4
Maximum N loss in rice crop is due to - Denitrification
Wind velocity can be measured by – Anemometer
Queen of spices is – Cardamom
Buck wheat is called - Pseudo cereal
Very dangerous disease of Sugar cane is red rot
World’s staple food is - Rice
Fibre of cotton contains – Cellulose
Movement from higher concentration to lower concentrationn is known as - diffusion
Gold of America is known as - Soybean
Formula of Net Capital ratio is - Total assets /Total liabilities
Theory of evolution was given by - Charles Darwin
Which Indian Scientist shared world food prize for miracle maize - Dr. Surinder K. Vasal
ICAR day is celebrated on 16 July
Light red carnation represent to – Admiration
ANOVA table stands for analysis of - Variance
Formula of harvest index is - Economical yield / Biological yield * 100
RBI was est. in 1935
Who discovered vitamin – Funk
Regur soil refers to - Black soil
Biological active form of glucose is - D-form
Lodging preventer is - CCC (Cycocel)
FAO was started in 1948
Which design is used when fertility gradient is in two direction – LSD
International pest is Schistacerca gregaria
Bhoodon movement was started in 1951
Cooperative movement was started by- F. Nicholus (1904)
Flared square symptoms are seen in cotton due to the - Spotted boll worm
CAN is a Neutral fertilizer
Root promoting hormone is IBA
Ooze test is done for detecting Bacteria
First product of urea hydrolysis is - Ammonium Carbamate
NABARD was set up on the recommendation of - Siva Raman committee ,Narsimhan Committee1982
The trade name of BHC is - Grammexone
Who discovered mitocondria - C. Benda(1897)
Bt cotton was discovered in - 1901 japan by Ishwata
the term cytokinin was proposed by - - Letham ( 1963 )
Kinetin and zeatin are the - Cytokonins
photosynthesis is an - Oxidation - Reduction process
Largest importer of cut flower in the world is - Germany
Gibberellin was discovered for the first time used by - - Kurosowa
Water soluble vitamin is - Vitamin –C
Greenhouse effect is also known is -- Global warming
VAM act as a - Symbiotic association
LEISA stand for - Less external input sustainable agriculture
Blue Revaluation in India was started during - Fifth five year plan ( 1970 )
who discovered pH concept – Sorenson
DRIS concept given by –Beaufils
The term ‘remote sensing ’ was first used in – USA
Acidity in gram leaves is due to - Malic acid / oxalic acid 664. Photosynthetic rate is highest in c4 plant
Lock and Key Model was proposed by - Fisher
Anti - Sterility vitamin is - Vitamin E
Double seed formation in cotton is due to - Pink bollworm
Forest conservation act was made in – 1980
Netural parthenocarpy is found in – Banana
the term vernalization was coined by - TD Lysenco
Chemical relationship is done between two cells by-Plasmodesmata
White revolution was accomplished by which scientist - V. Kurien
How much time is needed for sterilization in autoclave - 15 minutes
In which bacterial reproduction phase , virus is involved – Transduction
First plant flower mandi was situated at- BANGLORE
Regional Plant resource centre is situated at – Bhubaneswar
Cultivation of crops in areas where the annual rainfall is less than 750 mm is called- Dry Farming
Central soil salinity research institute is situated at -Karnal ( HR)
What is the ideal location of greenhouse- North – South
According to ICMR vegetable required per capita per day is - 300 gram
Biggest tree of the world is - Banyan tree
Kisan call center begun in the year 2004
Net cultivated area of India is – 143
Kisan divas is celebrated on 23 Dec.
The share of agriculture in global warming is - Approx. 25 %
Environment day is celebrated on - 5 th June
Which element is responsible for nodulation in legumes - Phosphorous
Fingerprinting is related to which crop – Pineapple
yellow vein mosaic virus disease is related to Bhindi
Which clay Mineral is dominant in Black soil- Montmorillonite
Sprouting in onion is controlled by the hormone of –MH
Which chemical/ hormone is used for regular bearing in mango- Paclo butrozol (PP333)
High yielding variety of wheat was developed by -Borlaug
break down of clods , crusts and plant material by the impact of particles moved by wind in saltation is called as - Abrasion
A soil with a pH value less than 7 hence having more hydrogen ions than hydroxyl ions in the soil solution is called as - Acid Soil
The movement of ions and water into the plant root because of metabolic processes by the root, frequently against an electrochemical potential gradient is referred to as - Active absorption
The chemical in commercial product that is directly responsible for the herbicidal activity is called its - Active ingredient
the transfer of heat energy my means of horizontal mass motions through a medium is termed as - Advection
A technique in growing plants where in the plants derive their nutrients and eater from a mist of air and aqueous solution that comes in contact with the roots is called - Aerophonics
A term proposed by Mc Gillchrist in 1965 , which is a measure of how much a relative yield increase in component a is greater than for component b is known as -Aggressively
The removal of excess water known as free water or gravitational water from the surface of the farm land as to create favourable soil conditions for plants growth is called as - Agriculture drainage
The growing of agricultural crops along with the forest crop is known as - Agri- silviculture
A land units defined in terms of major climate and growing period, which is climatically the homogenous response of a crop or a farming system is called as - Agro - climatic zone
An alternative renewable fuel ,produced from vegetable oils or animal fats through a refinery recess called trans- esterification is called as - Bio - diesel
In India , NRC for medicine and aromatic plants is located at - Anand
A branch of science , which deals with the stud of grasses , their classification , management and utilization is called - Agrostology
The area that comprises of all the areas from which water flows out into a common river or water pool is called as-Catchment Area
A branch of science, that studies the aspects of climate , which are relevant to the problems of agriculture is called - Agro- climatology
A Medium , which resists change or a substance added to resist change in concentration of-r pH activity in a solution as called as - Buffer
The crop which is grown as a substitute for the main crop that has failed on account of unfavourable condition is called as - Catch crop
The ratio of total cropped area in different seasons to the total land area is known as - Cropping intensity
The branch of agriculture which deals with scientific crop production and management is – Agronomy
Cultivation of crops in Areas where rainfall is less than 750 mm per annum is known as - dry farming
The study of the inter - relationship of living organisms with each other and with their environment in an agricultural system is called as - Agro- ecology
The crops that are grown to break the continuity of the agro-ecological situation of the field under multiple cropping systems are called as - brake crop
The competitive interaction between the crop species in intercropping and sequential cropping through the release of chemical substances or toxins is called - allelopathy
The chemical substance released by one species may inhibit more strongly plants of the producer species it self is termed as - Auto - inhibition
The production technique that combines agriculture and forestry , horticulture or animal husbandry on the same piece of land in the order to fully utilize the natural resources is called as - Agro- forestry
the fraction of the total solar radiation incident on a body that is reflated by it and expressed in % age is called as – Albedo
A substance added to a soil for the improvement of its physical and chemical properties is called as – Ameliorant
An appropriate combination of farm enterprises i.e. cropping system ,livestock, poultry ,fisheries , forestry and the means available to the farmer to raise them for increasing profitability is called as - farming systems
The scientist , who has been called as father of organic farming is - albert Howard
the process of use of micro- organism to remove salts from soil is referred as – Bioremediation
the organization that is related to export of ’ Agricultural processed product ’ is - Agri- export zone
“ Sugarcane breeding Institute “is located at - Coimbatore
The ratio between water deficit to potential evapotranspiration and expressed in %age is termed as - Aridity index
A term given by Donald in 1963 , Which is a measure to find out the yield of various crops when grown together as well as separately and indicating the yield per plant of different crops in mixture and their respective pure stand on an units basis is known as Competition Index
A biological model which is expected to perform or behave in a predictable manner a defined environment is known as - Ideotype
Gene responsible for dwarfing characters in rice is - Dee-Gee-Woo-gen
Which is useful to control citrus fruit drop? 2,4-D.
Hybrid variety of African marigold? Pusa Hybrid-1.
For canning, tomato fruits are picked at? Red pipe stage
Suitable day and night temperature for rose plants is? 25-30°C to 15°C.
Vegetable crops belonging to the ‘Cole Crops’ group thrive best in? Cool weather.
Plant spacing recommended for higher yield of onion bulbs? 15 x 7.5 cm.
Vegetable gardening followed in Dal Lake of Kashmir valley? Floating garden.
Vegetables are packed in cans and processed in heat in? Retort.
An early variety of cabbage? Pride of India.
Potato tuber production stops totally at a temperature of? 30°C.
Tomato fruits crack due to? A period of drought followed by heavy watering.
The best sowing time for tropical carrot in the plains is? Mid-August to beginning of September.
Whiptail in cauliflower is caused by? Deficiency of molybdenum.
Who studied heterosis in brinjal? B.S. Tomar, H. Singh & T.S. Kaidar, N. Basuvaraja.
Potato greening results in? Decrease in nutritional quality.
Potato is a native of? South America.
Pollination of radish is done by? Honey bees.
The most common stem support mechanism used by florists in fresh cut flower arrangements is? Floral foam.
In sterilizing plant growing medium, which method is not used? Keeping the growing medium moist for 6-7 days.
The primary colors are? Yellow, red, and blue.
Popular colors used in floral design during the spring and Easter season include? Pink, yellow, and white.
In landscape design, properly located plants and structures? Can reduce heat intensity.
For optimum vase life, most cut flowers should be stored at a temperature close to? 40°F.
A type of propagation in which the propagule remains attached to the parent plant is termed as? Layering.
The term that refers to all the petals of a flower collectively is? Corolla.
A ten-week group variety of chrysanthemum means? They will bloom ten weeks after the start of short days.
Cuttings of potted chrysanthemum are planted at an angle to encourage? Increased branching.
National Horticulture Board is situated at? Gurgaon.
The most famous variety of guava is? Allahabad Safeda.
Which preservative is mostly used for squash? KMS (Potassium metabisulphate).
First secretary of DARE and DG of ICAR is? B. P. Pal.
The “fenny” is a product prepared from? Cashew.
The largest and second largest fruit and vegetable producing countries are? China and India.
The seed act was enacted during? 1966.
Convention on biodiversity was held during? 1993.
Biodiversity act? 2002.
National Bio-diversity Authority is located at? Chennai, Tamil Nadu.
National Remote Sensing Agency is located at? Hyderabad.
Flavr Savr is a variety of? Tomato.
Plant used for constipation and laxative is? Plantago ovata.
In guava, seedlessness is due to? Triploidy.
Isoproturon is used as? Herbicide.
Directorate of Plant Protection is located at? Faridabad.
ICARDA is located at? Aleppo, Syria.
Caryopsis type of fruit is found in? Poaceae family.
Rice grain is deficient in? Lysine.
Arka Lalima and Arka Kirtiman are hybrid varieties of? Onion.
Water use efficiency is high in? CAM plants.
Bones are rich in? Phosphorus.
Golden cyst nematode of potato is confined to? Nilgiri region.
Reclamation of acidic soil is done by? Lime.
Cabbage yellow is due to? Fusarium wilt.
The vegetable containing compounds that act against cancer is? Broccoli.
High TSS always indicates? High sweetness.
Scooping is done in? Cauliflower.
The cracking mostly occurs in? Aril fruit crops.
Amygdalin is present in? Almond.
The cucurbit having white color flower is? Bottle gourd.
True petals are not present in? Anthurium.
Chrysanthemum is the national flower of? Japan.
Aggregate of climate condition? Season
Edaphic Factor? Soil Factor
Basic tool for weather forecasting? Synoptic Chart
PF value of field capacity? 3 bar
Most suitable crop for dry farming in black soil? 85%
SolonetZ (Russian word)? Alkaline soil
Solon chak (Russian word)? Saline soil
Highly tolerant to Na? Sugarbeet
Amide fertilizers? Urea and CaCN₂
One CUSEC (One cubic feet in one second)? 28.4 liters
Berseem seed rate? 25 kg/ha
Most suitable soil for Berseem? Clay soil
Meskawi is a variety of? Berseem
Chikori associated with? Berseem
Seed rate of Sunhemp fodder? 60 kg/ha
Tillage operation between crop rows? Inter-cultivation
Removal or harvest of 2-3 mature leaves at a time in tobacco? Priming
Maize seed rate for hybrid? 20-25 kg/ha
Maize seed rate for composite? 15-20 kg/ha
Rice variety in tropics? Indica
‘Safalo’ oil for heart disease patient is a refined prepared form of? Safflower
Main and lateral roots of? Groundnut
Semi root parasite? Striga
Total root parasite? Orobanche
Total stem parasite? Cuscuta
Partial stem parasite? Loranthus
Removal of axillary bud in tobacco is called? De-suckering
Removal of inflorescence with same top leaves in tobacco? Topping
Removal of axillary bud in castor? Nipping
Ideal stage of jute harvest for fiber? Small pod formation
‘African Tall’ is a variety of? Maize
Bacteria responsible for conversion of Nitrite to Nitrate? Nitrobacter
Emergence of coleoptiles is? Germination
Advances in Agronomy’ is published by? American Society of Agronomy
A recorded rainfall of 2.5 cm or more within a period of 24 hrs? Rainy day
Crop transpiration decreases by use of? NAA
Maximum damaging effect in one of the following soils? Alfisols
Bitterness in groundnut is due to? Aflatoxin
Early and normal sowing of sorghum prevent the crop from the attack of? Shoot fly
Bullar Irrigation relates to? Low energy use hypothesis
For a big pond, the cheapest lining material is? Bentonite
Application of nitrogen to the crop has the brown manuring relates to manuring as a result of the use of? Oil cakes
A crop which does not show saturation even in full sunlight? Rice
A plant that shows no obvious symptoms yet the nutrient content is not sufficient to give profitable yield? Hidden Hunger
El Nino and La Nina are? Reverse phenomena
A technique of mid-season correction? Gap filling
Delay in monsoon in arid regions invites? Crop substitution
Founder of modern Agronomy? Peter de Crescenzi
Concept of plant Ideotype was given by? Donald
Alkali soils reclamation is done by? Gypsum
Cultivation of rice releases greenhouse gas in sufficient amount? Methane
Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) given by? B. Ramamurthy
Acidic soils are reclaimed with the use of? Lime
Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture is situated at? Hyderabad
Critical period for long day plants with regards to photoperiodism? More than 10 hrs
Evapotranspiration rate increases due to? Convection
Defloculation is due to? Na
Cluster bean grown for fodder purposes is harvested at? Flowering/Early pod stage
During photosynthesis, sun rays are absorbed by the pigment? Chlorophyll
DAP is the? Complex Fertilizer