What is the basic unit of heredity?
A) Gene
B) Chromosome
C) DNA
D) RNA
Explanation: A gene is the basic unit of heredity, containing the instructions to build proteins that affect traits.
Who is known as the "Father of Genetics"?
A) Gregor Mendel
B) Charles Darwin
C) Watson and Crick
D) Thomas Morgan
Explanation: Gregor Mendel is known as the "Father of Genetics" for his work with pea plants to understand inheritance.
What is the role of DNA?
A) Stores genetic information
B) Provides cell structure
C) Transports proteins
D) Provides energy
Explanation: DNA stores genetic information used in the development, functioning, and reproduction of organisms.
Which of these is a component of a nucleotide?
A) Phosphate group
B) Lipid
C) Amino acid
D) Chlorophyll
Explanation: A nucleotide is composed of a phosphate group, a sugar molecule, and a nitrogenous base.
What term describes an organism with two identical alleles for a trait?
A) Homozygous
B) Heterozygous
C) Dominant
D) Recessive
Explanation: An organism with two identical alleles for a trait is called homozygous.
What is a phenotype?
A) The physical expression of genes
B) The genetic makeup of an organism
C) The set of chromosomes
D) The replication of DNA
Explanation: The phenotype is the observable physical characteristics of an organism as determined by its genetic makeup.
What does a Punnett square represent?
A) Possible genotypes of offspring
B) Cell division process
C) Protein synthesis
D) Evolutionary lineage
Explanation: A Punnett square is used to predict the possible genotypes of offspring from the genetic crosses.
In humans, how many pairs of chromosomes are there?
A) 23
B) 46
C) 22
D) 24
Explanation: Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, totaling 46 chromosomes.
What is the purpose of meiosis?
A) To produce gametes
B) To repair cells
C) To grow tissue
D) To generate energy
Explanation: Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, producing gametes for sexual reproduction.
Which term describes the genetic makeup of an organism?
A) Genotype
B) Phenotype
C) Chromosome
D) Allele
Explanation: The genotype is the set of genes in an organism's DNA that determines its hereditary traits.

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