In soybean, an interspecific cross between Glycine max and G. soja is:
A) Sterile
B) Fully fertile
C) Partially fertile
D) Incompatible
In wheat, an interspecific cross between Triticum aestivum and T. durum is:
A) Incompatible
B) Partially fertile
C) Fully fertile
D) Sterile
In cotton, an interspecific cross between Gossypium arboreum and G. thurberi is:
A) Fully fertile
B) Sterile
C) Partially fertile
D) Incompatible
In tobacco, an interspecific cross between Nicotiana paniculata and N. undulata is:
A) Fully fertile
B) Sterile
C) Partially fertile
D) Incompatible
What does the term "genotype" refer to?
A) The physical expression of traits
B) The environmental influences on traits
C) The genetic makeup of an organism
D) The process of protein synthesis
Which scientist is credited with formulating the laws of inheritance?
A) Watson
B) Crick
C) Mendel
D) Darwin
What is the term for the observable traits of an organism?
A) Allele
B) Genotype
C) Phenotype
D) Chromosome
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What is a codon?
A) A sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.
B) A protein molecule produced by the ribosome.
C) A sequence of three nucleotides on tRNA.
D) A structural component of DNA.
What is the main function of tRNA during translation?
A) To carry amino acids to the ribosome
B) To transcribe mRNA from DNA
C) To form the ribosome
D) To replicate DNA
Question 16: Which of the following mutations does NOT change the amino acid sequence of a protein?
A) Missense mutation
B) Nonsense mutation
C) Silent mutation
D) Frameshift mutation
Question 17: What is the purpose of a Punnett square in genetics?
A) To show the sequence of nucleotides in a gene
B) To determine the probability of offspring genotypes
C) To map the location of genes on chromosomes
D) To identify mutations in a gene
Question 18: Which genetic disorder is caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21?
A) Hemophilia
B) Cystic fibrosis
C) Down syndrome
D) Sickle cell anemia
Question 19: Which of the following is a characteristic of X-linked inheritance?
A) It only affects males
B) It is passed from father to son
C) It is carried on the X chromosome
D) It is inherited independently of sex chromosomes
Question 20: What is the genetic material in viruses?
A) RNA
B) Protein
C) Lipid
D) DNA or RNA (but not both)

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