•  The Rain Fed Area Development Programme (RADP) started on March 20, 2008.
  • 'Ragi' is otherwise known as finger millet.
  • Raiffeisen and Schulze-Delitzch types of cooperatives are considered pioneer cooperatives of Germany.
  • Pyrite (FeS2) is used to reclaim saline soils.
  • Quality Protein Maize (QPM) varieties include Sakti, Shaktiman 1 & 2, HQPM.
  • QPM varieties were released using Opaqua-2 genes.
  • The quantity of lime required to neutralize soil acidity depends on both active and reserve acidity.
  • The quantity of water or irrigation required for coconut in loamy soil is 1300 L.
  • Quarantine laws come under legal control.
  • Queen Elizabeth is a variety of floribunda rose.
  • White grubs prefer to lay eggs in sandy and sandy loam soils.
  • The queen of cereals is maize.
  • The queen of bulbous flowers is gladiolus.
  • The queen of fodder is lucerne.
  • Soil particles with a diameter of less than 0.001 mm have colloidal properties.
  • The queen of nuts is the peanut.
  • The term “colloids” was given by Grahm in 1861.
  • Ratanjot and Karanj are biofuel plants.
  • Ratna is a cross of Neelam × Alphonso.
  • Ratol is a rodenticide.
  • Ratoon cropping is widely practiced in sugarcane.
  • RBD is also called one-way elimination of heterogeneity design/two-way classification of ANOVA.
  • RBI was established and nationalized on April 1, 1935, and January 1, 1949.
  • The recommended NPK dose for oats is 80:30:20 kg/ha.
  • Red bore is a pest of cocoa.
  • The red pigment in litchi is due to anthocyanin.
  • Red pumpkin beetle and Epilachna beetle are pests of cucurbits.
  • Red revolution is related to meat/tomato production.
  • Red rot disease of sugarcane is caused by Colletotrichum falcatum.
  • Cabbage is highly sensitive to boron toxicity (<0.33 ppm).
  • Red rust of tea is caused by algae.
  • Rainfall is observed at the agromet observatory at 8:30 AM and 14 IST.
  • Rain is precipitated from nimbus clouds.
  • Rainbow revolution is related to agriculture (1996).
  • Rainfall is measured by a rain gauge.
  • Crop geometry refers to the shape of space available for individual plants.
  • The ideal NPK ratio for pulses should be 1:2:1.
  • Raising forests on public or community land is known as community forestry.
  • Rajphos contains 18-20% phosphorus.
  • Rambutan belongs to the family Sapindaceae.
  • Ranikhet disease in poultry is caused by a virus.
  • Ranikhet disease of poultry is also known as Newcastle disease.
  • RAPD denotes Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA.
  • The Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) was launched in August 2007.
  • Regulatory proteins include insulin.
  • The relationship between AM, median, and mode in asymmetrical distribution is Mode = 3 Median – 2 Mean.
  • Fruit cracking in pomegranate is due to deficiency of Ca, B, and K.
  • Soil texture refers to the relative proportion of soil particles in a soil mass.
  • Removal of any excess or undesirable/unproductive branches, shoots, or parts of plants is called pruning.
  • Removal of the male bud after the completion of the female phase is known as denavelling.
  • Removal of moisture from food materials for preservation is called dehydration.
  • Keeping vegetables in boiling water for 2-5 minutes followed by cooling is known as blanching.
  • Removal of soil particles due to raindrops (through bouncing) is called splash erosion.
  • Removal of the entire tassel (male inflorescence of maize) from the plant before pollen to initiate cross hybridization is called detasseling.
  • Removal of undesired suckers, done once in 45 days of planting, is called desuckering.
  • Red soil is red due to ferric oxides.
  • Red Spanish is a variety of pineapple.
  • Red spider mite is a pest of tapioca.
  • Red stripe of sugarcane is caused by Pseudomonas rubrilinus.
  •  The discovery of mitochondria is attributed to Albert von Kölliker (1857).
  • The dry adiabatic lapse rate in the troposphere is 6.5°C/km.
  • The earliest rust to appear on wheat in India is brown/orange/leaf rust.
  • The elements that provide basic structure are C, H, O.
  • The energy exchange elements are H, O.
  • The Father of food preservation is Nicolas Appert.
  • The father of hybrid cotton is C.T. Patel.
  • The father of modern pedology is Vasily Dokuchaev.
  • The father of natural farming is Masanobu Fukuoka.
  • The father of soil erosion is H.H. Bennett.
  • The feel method is the common field method for determining soil texture.
  • The first exclusive meteorological satellite was built by ISRO.
  • The first Fisheries University was CIFE, Mumbai.
  • The first hybrid of rice was developed by Y.L. Ping (China).
  • The first hybrid variety of tobacco in India is GTH-1.
  • The first recipient of the World Food Prize (created by Norman Borlaug) is Dr. M.S. Swaminathan (1987).
  • The first scientist to classify the climate was De Condole (1900).
  • The first transgenic plant was developed by Fraley (1983) in tobacco.
  • The first watering is known as kor watering.
  • The fundamental unit of a chromosome is chromatin.
  • The guava variety known as Sardar is Lucknow-49.
  • The hard fruits of citrus are attributed to boron deficiency.
  • The highest consumption of herbicides in the world is in Japan (5 kg/ha).
  • The highest contribution to vegetable oil comes from groundnut.
  • The highly mobile nutrients in plants are N, P, and K.
  • The immobile nutrients in plants are Ca and B.
  • The inflorescence of cabbage is known as a cattkin.
  • The inflorescence of cauliflower is known as a cyme.
  • The Intensive Agriculture District Programme (1960) is called the Package programme.
  • The international pest is Schistocerca gregaria.
  • The irrigation method with the highest efficiency is the drip method.
  • The laws of heredity were first discovered by Mendel.
  • The longest mitotic phase is prophase.
  • The mango variety known as ‘the king of mangoes’ is Alphonso.
  • The mango variety known as ‘the queen of mangoes’ is Kesar.
  • The most deficient micronutrient in India is zinc (Zn).
  • The most deficient micronutrient in Indo-Gangetic alluvium soils is zinc.
  • The most mutation-tolerant crops are polyploids.
  • The most prominent soil group of India is alluvial soil.
  • The most widely used additive for correcting soil acidity is lime.
  • The National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR) was established in 1976.
  • The National Research Centre for Banana is located in Trichy.
  • The National Research Centre for Citrus is located in Nagpur.
  • The National Research Centre for Grapes is in Pune.
  • The National Research Centre for Litchi is in Muzaffarpur.
  • The Net Capital Ratio (NCR) is total assets divided by total liabilities.
  • The Netherlands is known as the "Land of Tulips."
  • The neutron moisture meter is a method of indirect measurement of soil moisture.
  • The nitrogen bio-fertilizer for wheat is Azotobacter.
  • The non-living organelle of the cell is the cell wall.
  • The number of electrons required for the conversion of NO3⁻ to NH4⁺ is 8.
  • The organelle known as the dustbin of the cell is the vacuole.
  • The organelle known as the engine of the cell is the ribosome.
  • The organelle known as the suicidal bag of the cell is the lysosome.
  • The organism used for vermicomposting is the earthworm.
  • The part of the cotton plant that contains lint and fuzz is hemp.
  • The part of the sprayer that breaks the spray fluid into fine droplets is the nozzle.
  • The pathogen that caused heavy losses to the wine industry in France in 1875 is Plasmopara viticola.
  • The permissible limit of soil loss in India is 12 tons/ha/year.
  • The pest that attacks all parts of the plant is the termite.
  • The pest that causes bunchy top appearance in sugarcane is the top borer (Tryporza novella).
  • The pH scale was developed by S.P.L. Sorensen.
  • The photovoltaic effect was discovered by Alexandre Edmond Becquerel.
  • The plastid responsible for color in plants is the chromoplast.
  • The plastid responsible for photosynthesis in plants is the chloroplast.
  • The plastid responsible for the storage of starch and fat in plants is the leucoplast.
  • The primary constriction of the chromosome is known as the centromere.
  • The primary electron acceptor in Photosystem II (PS II) is pheophytin.
  • The principle of experimentation that eliminates human biases is randomization.
  • The process involved in the senescence of fruits and vegetables is respiration.
  • The process of removing a young embryo from developing seeds and planting it on a suitable nutrient medium in vitro is called embryo culture.
  • The real value of a seed is calculated as Purity% × Germination% / 100.
  • The resting condition of a seed is called quiescence.
  • The Rice Army worm (Mythimna saparata) causes severe damage to rice panicles at night.
  • The richest source of vitamin C is the Barbados cherry.
  • The rotation likely to leave soil richer in organic matter is maize – oats – clovers.
  • The scientific name of Buckwheat is Phagopyrum esculentum.
  • The second Indian recipient of the World Food Prize was Dr. Varghese Kurien.
  • The seed rate of coriander is 10-12 kg/ha.
  • The smallest flowering plant is Wolffia.
  • The stage more prone to weed competition is from germination to seedling.
  • The stage of adoption that helps establish a benchmark is evaluation.
  • The surface with the least albedo is moist black soil.
  • The telial stage (black spore stage) of wheat rust fungus is considered the perfect stage.
  • The term ‘hormone’ was coined by Ernest Starling.
  • The term chromosome was coined by Waldeyer (1888).
  • The term genetic resources was coined by Frankel.
  • The term genetics was coined by W. Bateson (1905).
  • The term genetics was given by Bateson (1905).
  • The term germplasm was first used by Weismann.
  • The term heterosis was coined by Shull.
  • The term mitochondria was coined by Benda (1897).
  • The term parthenogenesis was coined by Owen.
  • The theory of acquired characters was developed by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1809).
  • The thyroid gland is known as Adam’s apple in the human body.
  • The total root parasite is broomrape (Orobanche spp).
  • The trade name of Chlorimuron 10% + Metasulfuron-methyl 10% is Almix.
  • The trade name of Chlorimuron-ethyl is Classic or Kloben.
  • The trade name of Fenoxa prop-ethyl is Whip Super.
  • The transformation applied when mean equals variance is square root.
  • The ultra-low volume sprayer causes more wastage of herbicide by drift.
  • The upper limit of the atmosphere is 750 miles.
  • The variety of wheat resistant to all three rusts is Chotilerma.
  • The vector for leaf curl disease in cotton is whiteflies.
  • The viability of weed seeds in animal excreta after digestion is referred to as endozoochory.
  • The visible light spectrum for insects ranges from 253 to 700 nm.
  • The vitamin that contains a metal ion is vitamin B12.
  • The whip-like structure appearing in the terminal bud is due to B deficiency.
  • The white muscardine disease of silkworm is caused by Beauveria bassiana.
  • The widely used index for classification of droughts is the Palmer drought index.
  • The wilt disease of chickpea is caused by Fusarium oxysporum.
  • The wilt of pigeonpea is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. udum.
  • The World Meteorological Organization headquarters is in Geneva.
  • The World Trade Organization (WTO) was formed in 1995.
  • The world’s biggest seed company is Monsanto.
  • The world’s first hybrid variety of pigeon pea is ICPH-8.
  • The world’s first seed testing laboratory was established in 1869 (Germany).
  • The world’s highest producer of apples is China.
  • The world’s highest producer of goat milk is India.
  • The world’s highest producer of jute is India.
  • The world’s highest producer of natural rubber is Thailand.
  • The world’s highest producer of rice is China.
  • The world’s highest producer of sugarcane is Brazil.
  • The world’s highest producer of tapioca is Nigeria.
  • The world’s highest producer of tea is China.
  • The world’s highest producer of vegetables is China.
  • The world’s highest producer of wheat is China.
  • The world’s highest production dairy animal is the Holstein Friesian.
  • The world’s largest tree is the General Sherman tree, a Giant Sequoia.
  • The world’s most widely cultivated cereal crop is wheat.
  • The WTO came into effect in 1995.
  • Which is useful to control citrus fruit drop? 2,4-D.
  • Hybrid variety of African marigold? Pusa Hybrid-1.
  • For canning, tomato fruits are picked at? Red pipe stage.
  • Suitable day and night temperature for rose plants is? 25-30°C to 15°C.
  • Vegetable crops belonging to the ‘Cole Crops’ group thrive best in? Cool weather.
  • Plant spacing recommended for higher yield of onion bulbs? 15 x 7.5 cm.
  • Vegetable gardening followed in Dal Lake of Kashmir valley? Floating garden.
  • Vegetables are packed in cans and processed in heat in? Retort.
  • An early variety of cabbage? Pride of India.
  • Potato tuber production stops totally at a temperature of? 30°C.
  • Tomato fruits crack due to? A period of drought followed by heavy watering.
  • The best sowing time for tropical carrot in the plains is? Mid-August to beginning of September.
  • Whiptail in cauliflower is caused by? Deficiency of molybdenum.
  • Who studied heterosis in brinjal? B.S. Tomar, H. Singh & T.S. Kaidar, N. Basuvaraja.
  • Potato greening results in? Decrease in nutritional quality.
  • Potato is a native of? South America.
  • Pollination of radish is done by? Honey bees.
  • The most common stem support mechanism used by florists in fresh cut flower arrangements is? Floral foam.
  • In sterilizing plant growing medium, which method is not used? Keeping the growing medium moist for 6-7 days.
  • The primary colors are? Yellow, red, and blue.
  • Popular colors used in floral design during the spring and Easter season include? Pink, yellow, and white.
  • In landscape design, properly located plants and structures? Can reduce heat intensity.
  • For optimum vase life, most cut flowers should be stored at a temperature close to? 40°F.
  • A type of propagation in which the propagule remains attached to the parent plant is termed as? Layering.
  • The term that refers to all the petals of a flower collectively is? Corolla.
  • A ten-week group variety of chrysanthemum means? They will bloom ten weeks after the start of short days.
  • Cuttings of potted chrysanthemum are planted at an angle to encourage? Increased branching.
  • National Horticulture Board is situated at? Gurgaon.
  • The most famous variety of guava is? Allahabad Safeda.
  • Which preservative is mostly used for squash? KMS (Potassium metabisulphate).
  • First secretary of DARE and DG of ICAR is? B. P. Pal.
  • The “fenny” is a product prepared from? Cashew.
  • The largest and second largest fruit and vegetable producing countries are? China and India.
  • The seed act was enacted during? 1966.
  • Convention on biodiversity was held during? 1993.
  • Biodiversity act? 2002.
  • National Bio-diversity Authority is located at? Chennai, Tamil Nadu.
  • National Remote Sensing Agency is located at? Hyderabad.
  • Flavr Savr is a variety of? Tomato.
  • Plant used for constipation and laxative is? Plantago ovata.
  • In guava, seedlessness is due to? Triploidy.
  • Isoproturon is used as? Herbicide.
  • Directorate of Plant Protection is located at? Faridabad.
  • ICARDA is located at? Aleppo, Syria.
  • Caryopsis type of fruit is found in? Poaceae family.
  • Rice grain is deficient in? Lysine.
  • Arka Lalima and Arka Kirtiman are hybrid varieties of? Onion.
  • Water use efficiency is high in? CAM plants.
  • Bones are rich in? Phosphorus.
  • Golden cyst nematode of potato is confined to? Nilgiri region.
  • Reclamation of acidic soil is done by? Lime.
  • Cabbage yellow is due to? Fusarium wilt.
  • The vegetable containing compounds that act against cancer is? Broccoli.
  • High TSS always indicates? High sweetness.
  • Scooping is done in? Cauliflower.
  • The cracking mostly occurs in? Aril fruit crops.
  • Amygdalin is present in? Almond.
  • The cucurbit having white color flower is? Bottle gourd.
  • True petals are not present in? Anthurium.
  • Chrysanthemum is the national flower of? Japan.
  • Aggregate of climate condition? Season
  • Edaphic Factor? Soil Factor
  • Basic tool for weather forecasting? Synoptic Chart
  • PF value of field capacity? 3 bar
  • Most suitable crop for dry farming in black soil? 85%
  • SolonetZ (Russian word)? Alkaline soil
  • Solon chak (Russian word)? Saline soil
  • Highly tolerant to Na? Sugarbeet
  • Amide fertilizers? Urea and CaCN₂
  • One CUSEC (One cubic feet in one second)? 28.4 liters
  • Berseem seed rate? 25 kg/ha
  • Most suitable soil for Berseem? Clay soil
  • Meskawi is a variety of? Berseem
  • Chikori associated with? Berseem
  • Seed rate of Sunhemp fodder? 60 kg/ha
  • Tillage operation between crop rows? Inter-cultivation
  • Removal or harvest of 2-3 mature leaves at a time in tobacco? Priming
  • Maize seed rate for hybrid? 20-25 kg/ha
  • Maize seed rate for composite? 15-20 kg/ha
  • Rice variety in tropics? Indica
  • ‘Safalo’ oil for heart disease patient is a refined prepared form of? Safflower
  • Main and lateral roots of? Groundnut
  • Semi root parasite? Striga
  • Total root parasite? Orobanche
  • Total stem parasite? Cuscuta
  • Partial stem parasite? Loranthus
  • Removal of axillary bud in tobacco is called? De-suckering
  • Removal of inflorescence with same top leaves in tobacco? Topping
  • Removal of axillary bud in castor? Nipping
  • Ideal stage of jute harvest for fiber? Small pod formation
  • ‘African Tall’ is a variety of? Maize
  • Bacteria responsible for conversion of Nitrite to Nitrate? Nitrobacter
  • Emergence of coleoptiles is? Germination
  • Advances in Agronomy’ is published by? American Society of Agronomy
  • A recorded rainfall of 2.5 cm or more within a period of 24 hrs? Rainy day
  • Crop transpiration decreases by use of? NAA
  • Maximum damaging effect in one of the following soils? Alfisols
  • Bitterness in groundnut is due to? Aflatoxin
  • Early and normal sowing of sorghum prevent the crop from the attack of? Shoot fly
  • Bullar Irrigation relates to? Low energy use hypothesis
  • For a big pond, the cheapest lining material is? Bentonite
  • Application of nitrogen to the crop has the brown manuring relates to manuring as a result of the use of? Oil cakes
  • A crop which does not show saturation even in full sunlight? Rice
  • A plant that shows no obvious symptoms yet the nutrient content is not sufficient to give profitable yield? Hidden Hunger
  • El Nino and La Nina are? Reverse phenomena
  • A technique of mid-season correction? Gap filling
  • Delay in monsoon in arid regions invites? Crop substitution
  • Founder of modern Agronomy? Peter de Crescenzi
  • Concept of plant Ideotype was given by? Donald
  • Alkali soils reclamation is done by? Gypsum
  • Cultivation of rice releases greenhouse gas in sufficient amount? Methane
  • Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) given by? B. Ramamurthy
  • Acidic soils are reclaimed with the use of? Lime
  • Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture is situated at? Hyderabad
  • Critical period for long day plants with regards to photoperiodism? More than 10 hrs
  • Evapotranspiration rate increases due to? Convection
  • Defloculation is due to? Na
  • Cluster bean grown for fodder purposes is harvested at? Flowering/Early pod stage
  • During photosynthesis, sun rays are absorbed by the pigment? Chlorophyll
  • DAP is the? Complex Fertilizer