• The practice of growing multiple crops in the same field within a year is termed – Multiple Cropping.
  • The initial scientific examination of mixed cropping was conducted by – La-Flitze (1928).
  • The Directorate of Cropping System Research is based in – Modipuram, Meerut, U.P.
  • The father of agronomy is known to be – Peter Decresenzi.
  • Relay cropping derives its name from the concept of – Relay race.
  • Sustainable agriculture includes examples like – Natural Resource Management.
  • Cropping Systems are components of the broader – Farming System.
  • Augmenting crops refer to the sub-crops that are sown to enhance the yield of the main crop.
  • Guard crops are characterized by being the main crop, surrounded by thorny or hardy plants.
  • Synergetic cropping occurs when the combined yield of two crops exceeds their individual yields when grown separately.
  • Cash crops are those that can be sold directly from the field without needing processing, like vegetables and potatoes.
  • The formula for calculating Cropping Intensity is – Total Cropping Area / Total Sown Area × 100.
  • Ley farming refers to the practice of growing grasses or pastures.
  • Uttar Pradesh has the largest area and production of – wheat in India.
  • The fruit type of wheat is classified as – Caryopsis.
  • The ideal temperature range for wheat germination is between – 20 to 25 °C.
  • The Norin-10 gene was introduced to the USA by – S.C. Salamone (1984).
  • The first dwarf winter wheat variety using the Norin gene was developed by – Dr. O.A. Vogel (USA).
  • In 1970, triple gene dwarf wheat varieties were released.
  • Examples of double gene dwarf wheat varieties include – HD 2204, Janak, and UP 215.
  • Single gene dwarf wheat varieties consist of – Sonalika, Girija, and UP-262.
  • Gluten is the protein in wheat flour that aids in making chapati.
  • The central zig-zag structure of wheat is called the – Rachis.
  • Dr. N.E. Borlaug is credited with the development of – Mexican dwarf wheat.
  • The toxic compound found in sorghum leaves is known as – Dhurin or HCN.
  • CSH 1 was the first dwarf sorghum hybrid introduced in – 1964.
  • Sorghum is often referred to as the – camel crop.
  • Jowar is originally from – Africa (Ethiopia & Sudan).
  • Maharashtra accounts for the highest area and production of – Jowar.
  • Jowar is rich in – Leucine, but low in lysine.
  • The inflorescence of Jowar is called a – Panicle.
  • The first hybrid Bajra variety, HB-1, was developed at PAU, Ludhiana in – 1965.
  • Bajra contains approximately – 11-12% protein.
  • The origin of Bajra traces back to – Africa.
  • Bajra is particularly sensitive to – waterlogging and acidic soils.
  • Gujarat is the leading state for cotton production in India.
  • A bad opening of cotton bolls is referred to as – Tirak.
  • The maturity of cotton fiber is assessed using an – Arealometer.
  • H-777 is a cultivar of – Bt-Cotton.
  • The first hybrid commercial cotton, Hybrid-4, was developed by – Dr. C.T. Patel in 1970.
  • Reddish leaves in cotton indicate a decrease in nutrient uptake and moisture.
  • The DRIS concept was introduced by – Beaufils.
  • Cotton belongs to the – Malvaceae family.
  • Hybrid-6, Savita, and Surya are examples of intra-specific hybrids of cotton.
  • Varalaxmi, DCH-32, and HB-224 are interspecific hybrids of cotton.
  • Each cotton seed contains around – 60,000 to 80,000 fibers.
  • Ginning percentage is calculated as – (weight of lint / weight of seed cotton) × 100.
  • The process of removing lower leaves that touch the soil is known as – Priming.
  • Priming methods are also utilized in – cigarette and wrapper tobacco.
  • Topping and desuckering aim to redirect plant energy from flowers to leaves.
  • Desuckering refers to the removal of – lateral branches or auxiliary buds.
  • The Central Tobacco Research Institute is located at – Raja H Mundri, AP (established in 1947).
  • Among food grains, pulses are the richest source of – protein.
  • The Directorate of Pulses Research is headquartered in – Kanpur, UP.
  • Rajma is a pulse crop that does not fix nitrogen from the atmosphere.
  • The term "pulse" is derived from the French word – ‘pottage’, meaning soup.
  • The Latin origin of the term "legume" translates to – ‘to collect’.
  • India leads in the production of – Gram.
  • The sour flavor in gram leaves is due to the presence of – maleic acid (60%) and oxalic acid.
  • The shelling percentage of peas is – 49%.
  • The harvest index for Arahar is – 19%.
  • Arahar’s origin can be traced back to – Africa.
  • Maize is often called the – queen of cereals.
  • Some composite cultivars of maize include – Kisan, Jawahar, and Amber.
  • Maize is classified as a – C4 plant.
  • Uttar Pradesh ranks first in India for both area and production of – maize.
  • The protein found in maize is known as – Zein.
  • The male inflorescence of maize is called a – Tassel.
  • The critical stages for water application in maize are during – tasseling and silking.
  • Dr. Sruinder K. Vasal shared the World Food Prize for Miracle Maize in – 2000.
  • Maize originates from – Mexico.
  • The All India Coordinated Maize Improvement Project was initiated in – 1957 in New Delhi.
  • The double cross method for hybrid seed production was developed by – D.F. Jones in 1920.
  • The hybrid maize concept was first proposed by – E.M. East and G.H. Shull in 1910.
  • The harvesting criteria for sugarcane includes – withering of lower leaves, brix at 20%, and sucrose at 15%.
  • The align planting method for sugarcane was developed by – Allahabad Agriculture Institute.
  • Adhsali sugarcane is prevalent in – Maharashtra.
  • Planting sugarcane in furrows helps to – reduce lodging.
  • The inflorescence of sugarcane is typically referred to as – Arrow or Open Panicle.
  • The sucrose content in sugarcane is about – 13-14%.
  • Juice extracted from sugarcane contains – 6-10% sugar.
  • A hand refractometer reading indicating sugarcane maturity is – 20 (Brix Value).
  • The Sugarcane Breeding Institute is located in – Coimbatore.
  • Adhsali sugarcane matures in approximately – 18 months.
  • Yuan Long Ping is recognized as the father of – hybrid rice.
  • India's first dwarf rice variety, released in 1968, was named – Jaya.
  • Pusa Basmati-1 is the world’s first high-yielding semi-dwarf basmati rice variety.
  • Lunishree is the first super rice variety designed for saline or alkaline soils.
  • Paddy harvesting occurs when the moisture content is between – 21-23%.
  • The first mutant rice variety is – Jagannath, developed through gamma-ray irradiation of T-141.
  • Methane (CH4) is a gas released from paddy fields.
  • The SRI technique originated in Madagascar in – 1987, introduced by Prof. Henry De Laulanie.
  • The first super fine aromatic basmati hybrid is – Pusa RH-10.
  • The oilseed production program began in – 1990-91.
  • The Technology Mission on Oilseeds was established in – 1986.
  • The National Research Centre for Groundnut was established at – Junagarh, Gujarat.
  • The Indian Central Oilseed Committee was formed in – 1947.
  • The All India Coordinated Project on Oilseeds was initiated in – 1967.
  • Emmer wheat is Triticum dicoccum.
  • The net capital ratio is calculated as Total assets / Total liabilities.
  • Catkin is an inflorescence of Cauliflower.
  • Black heart of Potato is due to poorly drained soil.
  • The Arka series of varieties are released from IIHR, Bangalore.
  • The major agricultural import in India is edible oils.
  • The program also known as a package program is IADP (Integrated Agricultural Development Programme).
  • Whip tail of cauliflower is due to the deficiency of molybdenum (Mo).
  • The gross cropped area in India is 193 million hectares.
  • Yellow rust in wheat is caused by Puccinia striformis.
  • The seedless mango variety is Sindhu.
  • The pink revolution refers to Onion.
  • The correlation coefficient ranges between -1 to +1.
  • Pusa Snowball is a variety of cauliflower.
  • CRIDA (Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture) is located at Hyderabad.
  • India’s share in the world fruit production is 10%.
  • The fertilizers that are completely imported are potassic fertilizers.
  • The contribution of agriculture to India's GDP is 22.2%.
  • The moisture content for the safe storage of cereals is 12-14%.
  • Lunishree is a variety of super rice.
  • The highest cotton production in India is in Maharashtra.
  • Minimum support price is formulated by CACP (Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices).
  • Central Agricultural University is located at Imphal.
  • The constituent of wheat affecting its baking quality is Gluten.
  • IGFRI (Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute) is situated at Jhansi.
  • The CRI (Crown Root Initiation) stage occurs in wheat in 21 days.
  • Bulk density is high in sandy soil.
  • Suicidal bags of the cell are lysosomes.
  • The fertilizer also called nitro chalk is CAN (Calcium Ammonium Nitrate).
  • The regression coefficient varies between -a to +a.
  • Soil transported through wind is called aeolian soil.
  • The formation of mRNA from DNA is called transcription.
  • The ion generally dominant in soil solution is Ca²⁺.
  • Fixation in soil is a problem in the case of phosphatic fertilizers.
  • Luxury consumption is generally associated with potassium.
  • The journal Indian Farming is published by ICAR.
  • The pride fruit of India is Mango.
  • The solar constant is 1.94 cal/cm²/sec.
  • The coefficient of variation (C.V.) of rainfall is more in the Thar desert.
  • Striga is a semi-root type parasite.
  • The ladybird beetle is a predator.
  • A monophagus pest is the yellow stem borer.
  • The maximum production of potato is in Uttar Pradesh.
  • CIPHET (Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology) is situated at Ludhiana.
  • 70% of solar radiation reaches the Earth.
  • The average size of a raindrop is 2 mm in diameter.
  • The earwig Cheisoches moris preys on Oryctes rhinoceros.
  • Aerosol bomb is an easy insecticide application technique for households.
  • Extension is the educational process that brings about desirable changes.
  • Respiratory roots are called pneumatophores.
  • Cobalt is an essential element in Vitamin B12.
  • Boron is needed for nodule formation in leguminous crops.
  • Silicon is useful, though not essential, to rice.
  • Aluminium changes the flower color of Hydrangea.
  • Photorespiration is an energy-spending process.
  • Desertification is land degradation in arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid areas.
  • Amritmahal is a draught breed of cattle.
  • Chlorobenzilate is an acaricide effective against red spider mites and bee mites.
  • Clouds are aggregations of minute water droplets suspended in the air at high altitudes.
  • A Phytosanitary Certificate indicates that plant material is free of certain pathogens.
  • A pathogen is an organism capable of causing disease.
  • A parasite lives at the expense of a host without usually killing it.
  • Knowledge is understood information possessed by a person.
  • A weed is an unwanted plant growing where it’s not desired.
  • Anabaena azollae is a bio-fertilizer.
  • Anabaena is a type of blue-green algae.
  • Anabasine is an alkaloid found in tobacco.
  • Anaerobic decay of organic matter produces CO2 and organic acid.
  • Denitrification causes nitrogen loss in anaerobic rice soils.
  • Anakkayam-1, Madakkathara-1, Kanaka, and Dhana are cashew varieties.
  • A clone is an exact genetic replica of a gene or organism.
  • Hand atomizer or flit pump is an example of a blast sprayer.
  • Bhindi around cotton is an example of trap cropping.
  • Epistasis occurs when the expression of one gene depends on another.
  • Extension teachers help farmers achieve desirable changes in behavior.
  • Kurtosis describes the flatness or peakedness of a curve.
  • Medium-textured soil is ideal for crop growth.
  • Ficus is an ideal plant for indoor gardening.
  • Water, plants, and rocks are key components of a Japanese garden.
  • Tift 60 is an important male sterility source for sorghum.
  • Diazinon is an insecticide with strong contact and fumigant action.
  • Dacus cucurbitae is an insect controlled by male sterilization in the South Pacific Island.
  • A pest is any organism detrimental to man or his property with significant economic damage.
  • A plant in the wrong place is called a weed.
  • Aonla is commercially propagated by inarching (softwood grafting).
  • Aparajitha and Chandrama are varieties of Chrysanthemum.
  • Apis cerana indica is commonly known as the Indian honeybee.
  • Apis florea is the red dwarf honeybee.
  • Apis mellifera is domesticated in the Langstroth bee box.
  • Apis mellifera is known as the European or Italian honeybee.
  • Apoenzyme plus prosthetic group forms a holoenzyme.
  • Himachal Pradesh is known as the Apple Bowl of India.
  • Apple is commercially propagated by tongue grafting, shield budding, and whip budding.
  • Bordeaux paste is applied to control bud rot in coconut.
  • Biotechnology refers to the applied use of molecular biology and recombinant DNA technology.
  • Latitude is the angular distance measured from the equator.
  • Gelatin, an animal by-product, is used to prepare ice cream.
  • Annapoorna is a short-duration rice variety (95-100 days).
  • Annual carnations are propagated by seeds.
  • Chhattisgarh receives an annual rainfall of 1190 mm.
  • Anther or pollen culture technique is used to obtain haploid plants.
  • Anthracnose of guava is caused by Collectotrichum psidii.
  • Anthracnose, fruit rot, and dieback of chili are caused by Collectotrichum capsici.
  • Anthrax in cattle is caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis.
  • The anti-cancer property of cabbage is due to indole-3-carbinol.
  • Metamorphosis refers to changes in form, structure, and appearance of an animal from birth to maturity.
  • Ley crops are grown for grazing or harvesting for livestock feeding.
  • Weeds are known as "silent killers" causing the most extensive crop loss.
  • White grubs are the larvae of beetles.
  • Maggots are the larvae of flies.
  • Sword suckers are the planting materials for bananas.
  • Suckers, slips, and crowns are the planting materials for pineapples.
  • Arid regions receive less than 500 mm of rainfall.
  • ARIS (Agricultural Research Information System) was established by ICAR in 1995.
  • Arka Gaurav and Arka Mohini are varieties of chillies.
  • Arka Hans (grape variety) is a cross between Bangalore Blue and Anab-e-Shahi.
  • Arka Jyothi is a hybrid variety of watermelon.
  • Arka Kirthiman and Arka Lalima (onion varieties) were introduced by the Indian Institute of Horticulture, Bangalore.
  • Arka Swetha is a variety of grapes.
  • Approach grafting is also known as inarching.
  • Approach grafting is practiced in mango, sapota, and Artocarpus.
  • Arabica and Robusta are varieties of coffee.
  • Arboriculture is the study of growing trees.
  • Peaty soils are generally deficient in copper (Cu).
  • Moths are nocturnal Lepidopterans.
  • Xerophytes are plants that require very low moisture or rainfall.
  • Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) are primary macronutrients.
  • Topiaries are structures with thick shrubs trimmed into the shape of animals or birds.
  • Extra class refers to superior quality cut flowers.
  • Neochetina weevils and Orthogalumna mites are bio-control agents for water hyacinth.
  • The economic part of orchids is the spikes.
  • Punjab and Haryana have the maximum usage of herbicides in India.
  • Azotobacter and Azospirillum are asymbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
  • Moisture availability is at its maximum at field capacity.
  • ATIC (Agriculture Technology Information Centre) is also known as the Single Window System.
  • Atmospheric pressure is measured by a barometer.
  • Atmospheric pressure decreases with an increase in altitude.
  • Atmospheric water is known as green water.
  • Attention, interest, desire, conviction, action, and satisfaction are steps in extension teaching.
  • The average annual rainfall in India is 1195 mm.
  • The average annual rainfall in India is 400 Mha-m.
  • The monthly mean is the average of the daily mean temperature of all days in a month.
  • The average soil loss in India is 5333 million tonnes per year (16.35 tonnes per ha).
  • Avian influenza in poultry is caused by the H5N1 virus.
  • Avocado belongs to the Lauraceae family.
  • Arnon and Stout discovered the essentiality of molybdenum (Mo).
  • Aroma in rice is due to the presence of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP).
  • The Aromatic and Medicinal Plants Research Station is located in Odakkali.
  • Soil structure refers to the arrangement of soil particles in a soil mass.
  • Arrowing practice is done in sugarcane.
  • Arun and Kannara Local are varieties of amaranthus.
  • Mahamaya and Bamleshwari are rice varieties.
  • Potato crops require potassium nitrate as a source of nitrogen.
  • Asataf is the trade name for Acephate.
  • Aseel is a breed of fowl.
  • Asexual propagation is also known as vegetative propagation.
  • The Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC) is located in Taiwan (established in 1971).
  • Associated weeds of wheat include Phalaris minor, Avena fatua, and Chenopodium album.
  • The Balwanth Rai Mehta Committee is associated with the Panchayati Raj system.
  • Banana aphid acts as a vector for transmitting the bunchy top disease in bananas.
  • Red soil is red due to ferric oxides.
  • The National Research Centre for Banana is located in Tamil Nadu.
  • Newly formed alluvial soil is called Khadar.
  • The basic chromosome or genomic number is X.
  • The basic fundamental law of agriculture is the law of diminishing returns.
  • Bavistin is the trade name for Carbendazim.
  • Mango has a terminal bearing habit.
  • Beaufort’s scale is used to measure wind speed.
  • Beekeeping is known as apiculture.
  • The bee box recommended for local conditions is the Langstroth beehive.
  • Beetles belong to the order Coleoptera.
  • Beetles have biting and chewing mouthparts.
  • Azotobacter fixes 20-30 kg of atmospheric nitrogen per hectare in the soil.
  • Azhukal (capsule rot) is a fungal disease affecting cardamom.
  • Azolla is a water fern.
  • Bacillus thuringiensis is effective against pests in the Lepidopteran group.
  • Wheat is known as the backbone of America.
  • Bacterial blight disease is internally seed-borne.
  • Bacterial blight of cotton is caused by Xanthomonas malvacearum.
  • Bacterial leaf blight in rice is caused by Xanthomonas oryzae.
  • Bacterial rot of wheat ears is also known as spike blight, tundu, or yellow slime disease.
  • Bacterial wilt of brinjal is caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum.
  • Bait trapping is an example of a mechanical method of insect pest control.
  • Balankotta and Kalluvally are pepper varieties.
  • The banana inflorescence is known as a spadix.
  • The best pH for rice cultivation is 4-6.
  • The best soil for chickpea cultivation is light alluvial soil (loose and well-aerated).
  • The best soil structure for plant growth is crumb or granular.
  • The best sowing time for rabi sunflower is the 1st to 2nd week of November.
  • The best stage for harvesting oats is the dough stage.
  • The best-suited variety for high-density planting of papaya is Pusa Nanha (1.25m × 1.25m).
  • The best time for pruning ber is from the end of May to mid-June.
  • The best variety of potato for chips making is Nendran.
  • BHC (Benzene Hexachloride) is now commonly known as HCH (Hexachlorocyclohexane).
  • The biggest river basin in India is the Ganga.
  • Jatropha is a bioenergy plant.
  • The biochemically weathered upper portion of regolith is soil.
  • The biocontrol agent for Salvinia is Cyrtobagous salviniae (weevil).
  • Bench terracing is practiced on steep-sloping (16-33%) and undulated land.
  • Beneficial elements of nutrients include Rb, Sr, Se, Ni, Cr, Al, and As.
  • The benefit-cost ratio is calculated as gross income divided by cost C.
  • The Bengal famine of 1943 was due to a fungus.
  • The Bengal famine of 1943 was caused by the failure of the rice crop due to brown spot disease caused by Helminthosporium oryzae.
  • Ber fruits mature 5-6 months after flowering.
  • Ber is commonly known as the "poor man's fruit" and the "king of arid fruits."
  • The Berlo Model of Communication (1960) includes source, encoder, message, signal, decoder, and receiver.
  • Berseem is also known as Egyptian clover.
  • The best and cheapest mulch to minimize wind erosion is stubble mulch.
  • The best method for irrigating citrus is the ring method.
  • The best method for extracting tomato seeds is the acid method.
  • The best method to control stored grain pests is fumigation.
  • The black cotton soils seen in the Chittoor Taluk of Palakkad district are essentially alkaline in reaction.
  • The black-headed caterpillar of coconut is controlled by larval parasitoids like Bracon brevicornis, Goniozus nephantidis, and Elasmus nephantidis.
  • Black rot of cabbage is caused by Xanthomonas campestris.
  • Black soil belongs to the soil order Vertisol.
  • Black soil contains the clay mineral montmorillonite clay (2:1).
  • Black soil appears black due to manganese (Mn) and high organic matter.
  • Black tip or mango necrosis is caused by SO₂ and CO₂ gases released from brick kilns.
  • Blast in rice can be controlled by using Agrosan and Ceresan at 2g/kg of seed.
  • Bleaching powder application is a method to control bacterial leaf blight.
  • Blister blight is a disease of tea.
  • Blitox is the trade name for copper oxychloride (COC).
  • Blossom end rot in tomatoes is due to calcium deficiency.
  • Biocontrol of foot rot in black pepper involves using Trichoderma, VAM, and Pseudomonas.
  • Eucalyptus tereticornis is a bio-drainage plant.
  • Horse gram is a plant that absorbs dew very efficiently.
  • Biological control of African Payal is successfully done by Cytobagus salviniae.
  • The biologically active form of glucose is D-dextrose.
  • Bio-super is made up of rock phosphate, sulfur, and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria.
  • Bipolaris is used to control Johnson grass and barnyard grass.
  • Birds belong to the phylum Chordata and the class Aves.
  • Bitterness in cucumber is due to cucurbitacin.
  • Bitterness in jute is due to corchorin.
  • Black arm or bacterial blight of jute is caused by Xanthomonas campestris.
  • Black cotton soil is most commonly found in Chittoor, Palakkad district of Kerala.
  • The black revolution is related to biofuel production, especially Jatropha 
  • The causal agent of Mad Cow Disease is prions.The dormancy-breaking hormone is cytokinin.
  • The total number of registered pesticides in India is 164.
  • ICAR Day is celebrated on 16th July.
  • ICRISAT is situated in Hyderabad.
  • The double helical structure of DNA was proposed by Watson & Crick.
  • The wind that causes rainfall in Tamil Nadu is the North East Monsoon.
  • Ringworm disease is caused by a fungus.
  • The total number of KVKs (Krishi Vigyan Kendras) in India is 731(2024).
  • The National Agriculture Insurance Scheme was introduced in the year 1999-2000 (Rabi).
  • The discovery of vitamin was credited to Funk.
  • The theory of evolution was proposed by Charles Darwin.
  • The Law of Heredity was established by Gregor Mendel.
  • The instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure is a barometer.
  • Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between fungi and the roots of higher plants.
  • Growing plants under soil-less conditions is called Hydroponics.
  • Stress hardening in plants can be activated by ABA (Abscisic Acid).
  • The flowering hormone used in pineapple is H₂C=CH₂ (ethylene).
  • Photorespiration is an energy spending process.
  • The major form of transport carbohydrate in higher plants is sucrose.
  • The element contributing to disease and drought resistance is potassium.
  • Khaira disease is caused by the deficiency of zinc (Zn).
  • Little leaf of citrus is caused by zinc deficiency.
  • The complex disease associated with nematodes is yellow ear rot.
  • Solar heat treatment is recommended against Ustilago segetum tritici.
  • The element involved in energy transfer and storage in plants is phosphorus.
  • Muriate of Potash (MOP) is chemically KCl.
  • The maximum allowable biurate content of urea is 1.5%.
  • For the maximization of net revenue, the condition is MR = MC (Marginal Revenue = Marginal Cost).
  • Over the years, the contribution of agriculture to the GDP of the Indian economy has been decreasing.
  • On the indifference curve, utility is constant.
  • The ‘U’ shape of cost curves can be best explained by the law of variable proportions.
  • For the consumer to be in equilibrium, the necessary condition is that the ratio of marginal utilities is equal to the price ratio.
  • The indifference curve approach can be attributed to Hicks.
  • Pineapple is a CAM (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism) plant.
  • In the tropical climate, C4 plants are more productive.
  • Mg²⁺ is a component of the chlorophyll part of the plant.
  • Heart rot of sugar beet is caused by boron deficiency.
  • 2,4-D is used for broadleaf weed control.
  • The berry size of Thompson Seedless grapes is increased by the hormone GA3.
  • The optimum spacing for wheat is 22.5 cm (line to line).
  • The non-traditional area for cultivating wheat is Eastern India.
  • The all-India average for wheat yield is 12-14 qt/ha.
  • The haploid number of chromosomes in rice is 12.
  • Rice is considered a short day plant.
  • The optimum depth of puddling in rice is 5 cm.
  • H-777 is the cultivar of cotton 
  •  Hybrid -4 is the first commercial cotton of the world developed by - Dr. C.T. Patel in 1970
  •  The leaves of cotton becomes reddish in colour due to decrease nutrient uptake and moisture .
  •  Origin of cotton is from - India  
  • Cotton belongs to- malvaceae 
  • Intra - Specific hybrid of cotton is -Hybrid -6, savita, surya. 
  • Interspecific hybrid of cotton is - Varalaxmi , DCH-32 , HB -224 etc. 
  • One seed of cotton has 60000-80000 fibres  
  • Ginning %= wt. of lint / wt. of seed cotton taken for ginning * 100 
  • The removal of lower leaves which come in contact with soil and lose their commercial value is known as priming process. 
  • Priming method is used in - Cigarette and wrapper tobacco 
  • The main aim of topping and Desuckering is - to divert the energy and nutrient of plant from flower to leaves. 
  • The removal of the lateral branches or suckers or auxiliary buds is called - Desuckering . 
  • Central tobacco research institute is situated at - Rajmundry, AP (1947) 
  • The richest source of protein among the food grain is - Pulses 
  • Head  quarter of Directorate of Pulses Research is located in - Kanpur UP 
  • Which pulse crop doesn’t fix N2 from atmosphere -Rajma  
  • The word pulse is derived from - French world pottage or poride means - soup (dal) 
  • The term legume is taken from - latin word - means to collect
  •  India is the largest producer of – gram 
  • The sour taste of gram leaf is due to presence of - Maleic acid(60%) and oxalic acid  
  • Shelling % of Pea is 49  
  • Harvest index of arhar is  19 % 
  • Origin of arhar is from – Africa 
  • Queen of cereals is called Maize  
  • The composite cultivars of maize are - Kisan , jawahar ,Amber ,Vijay , Sona , Vikaram, etc. 
  • Maize is a C4 Plant  
  • In India the rank first state in area and production of maize is UP. 
  • The maize Protein is called- Zein 
  • Male inflorescence of maize is called –Tassel 
  • The critical stage for water application in maize is - Tasseling and silking stage  
  • Which Indian scientist shared world food prize for miracle maize - Dr.Sruinder K.Vasal(2000)
  • Origin of maize from - Mexico  
  • All India Coordinated Maize Improvement Project was started in -1957 at New Delhi 
  • Double cross technique for hybrid seed production was developed by - D.F. Jones (1920) 
  • The idea of hybrid maize was first conceived by : E.M. east and G.H. Shull (1910) 
  • The criteria for harvesting of sugarcane - withering of lower leaves ,brix 20 % , sucrose 15 % 
  • Algin planting method of sugarcane is evolved by - Allahabad agriculture institute , Allahabad ,UP 
  • Adsali sugarcane is common in Maharashtra 
  • sugarcane is planted in furrows because - it reduce lodging  
  • Inflorescence of sugarcane is generally called - Arrow or open panicle. 
  •  Sucrose content in cane is - 13-14 %  
  •  Hand refractometer reading for sugarcane maturity is 20 
  • Sugarcane breeding Institute is situated at - Coimbatore  
  • Adhsali Sugar cane crop mature in 18 months 
  • Father of hybrid rice is - Yuan Long Ping.
  • India’s first dwarf variety released during 1968 was Jaya. 
  • World’s first high yielding semi dwarf basmati rice variety is - Pusa Basmati - 1  
  • World’s first super rice variety for saline / alkaline soil – Lunishree 
  • Harvesting of paddy is done at moisture content - 21-23 % 
  • First mutant variety of rice is Jagannath ( gamma ray irradiation of T-141) 
  • Which gas is released from field of paddy - Methane (CH4) 
  • SRI technique  was originated in Madagascar in 1987 by prof. Henry De Laulanie 
  • First super fine aromatic basmati hybrid is - Pusa RH-10 
  • Oilseed production programme was started during - 1990-91 
  • Technology mission on oilseed was est. 1986 
  • National Research Centre for groundnut was est.at Junagarh (Gujarat) 
  • Indian central Oilseed Committee was est. 1947 
  • All India Coordinated Project on Oilseeds was est. during 1967 
  • Main adulteration in mustered - argemone mexicana oil  
  • Mustard fruit is known as - siliqua  
  • Pungency of mustard is done to - isothiocynate  
  • National seed corporation was established in March – 1963 
  • Seed Act was passed in 1966 (29 Dec) 
  • Tetrazolium Test is done for - viability and vigour  
  • The Indian seed Act came into force on 2 oct 1969
  •  NSC started functioning in July 1963 
  • The head quarter of NSC is - Pusa campus , New Delhi
  • National Seed project was launched in – 1976 
  • The world meteorology is derived from- Greek language 
  • International meteorological organization was est. in – 1873 
  • Solar radiation is measured by – Pyranometer(total incoming radiations)
  •  Agro Ecological Zones in India is 8( by NARP ICAR), 21(by NBSSLUP)—but now only 20
  • Agro -climatic zones (15 nos.)  are formed in India during 7th five year plan (1988) 
  • The green house gases are - CO2 , CFC , CH4, etc. 
  •  Wind velocity is measured by -Anemometer 
  •  Father of agro- climatology is - Koppen  
  • Koppen classified the climate based on - Temperature  & Precipitation  
  • The study of weather is called – meteorology 
  • The term weed was firstly used by - Jethrotull 
  •  National Research centre for weed science is situated at-Jabalpur (MP) 
  • Commercial mycoherbices first appeared in market USA in early 1980s 
  •  National horticulture board was est.at Gurgaon (Haryana)               
  •  First all India coordinated floriculture Improvement project was started in 1971 
  • Central temperate Horticulture Research institute is situated at - Srinagar (J&K)
  • International institute of horticulture is situated in – Brazil 
  • Who is the father of pomology – Decandolle
  • National horticulture board was est. in the year 1984 
  • Who was the first deputy director general of horticulture , ICAR - Dr. K.L. Chadha  
  • Which vegetable rank first among vegetable crops in production in the world – potato 
  • In India , potato was introduced by Portuguese in 1965 
  • Research on potato was stared at IARI New Delhi in – 1935
  • The International potato centre was est.in 1971 at lima (Peru) 
  • Central potato Research Institute was est. in – 1949 
  • Seed plant technique was developed by - Dr. Pushkarnath 
  • The Head quarter of CPRI was Shifted from Patna to Shimla in 1956
  •  True potato seed concept was first realize to raise commercial crop in India by Dr. S.Ramanujam (Fist director of CPRI) 
  • Cauliflower was introduced in India by Dr. Jemson from Kew Garden, London in the year 1822
  • Male sterility in cauliflower was introduced by Peerson (1981) 
  • The toxic substance of cucurbits is – cucurbitacin 
  • Which hormones are used in cucurbits to modify sex and to induce femaleness - GA & NAA 144. Seedless variety of mango is - Sindhu (devloped at FRS vengurula ) 
  • Most exported variety of mango is - Alphonso  
  • Black tip in mango is a physiological disorder due to brick clin fumes mostly CO, SO2 or deficiency of boron