• The exchange of chromatin between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes is known as crossing over.
  • AMF stands for Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi.
  • BHC stands for Benzene Hexachloride.
  • CAN stands for Calcium Ammonium Nitrate.
  • CFTRI stands for Central Food Technology Research Institute.
  • CGIAR stands for The Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research.
  • FAO stands for Food and Agriculture Organization.
  • GIS stands for Geographical Information System.
  • INM stands for Integrated Nutrient Management.
  • IPM stands for Integrated Pest Management.
  • IRDP stands for Integrated Rural Development Programme.
  • IRMA stands for Institute of Rural Management Anand.
  • MGNREGA stands for Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act.
  • An example of a viviparous plant is mangrove.
  • An example of an apomictic plant is mangosteen.
  • Examples of dryland weeds include Mimosa and Sida.
  • Examples of growth inhibitors are abscisic acid and ethylene.
  • Exanthema in citrus is due to the deficiency of copper.
  • Excess ammoniacal fertilizers favor the accumulation of NO₂ in soil.
  • Excess calcium causes a deficiency of phosphorus.
  • Excess of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium causes a deficiency of copper.
  • Excess zinc in the soil leads to non-availability of iron.
  • The anticodon region is present in t-RNA.
  • Excess phosphorus reduces the availability of iron and zinc.
  • An excessive buildup of CO₂ in soil air will retard plant growth.
  • Excessive tillering is a symptom of gall midge attack in very young seedlings.
  • Eriophyid is commonly known as the coconut mite (Aceria guerreronis).
  • Erosion resulting from human activities is termed accelerated erosion.
  • Erosion that occurs naturally but very slowly is known as geologic erosion.
  • The Essential Commodities Act was formulated in the year 1955.
  • The essentiality of nitrogen (N) was established by Nicholas Theodone.
  • The Etawah Pilot Project (1948) was initiated by Albert Mayer.
  • Ethephon is a plant growth regulator.
  • Ethrel is used as a gametocide for wheat, rice, and sugar beet.
  • ETL stands for Economic Threshold Level.
  • Evaporation is measured by an evaporimeter.
  • Evapotranspiration is measured by a lysimeter.
  • Evapotranspiration can also be measured using the instrument pan evapometer.
  • The evergreen revolution is related to the reduction in wastage of food grains, fruits, and vegetables.
  • Embryos that are formed without fertilization are called apomictic embryos.
  • Emmer wheat is Triticum dicocum, a tetraploid (2n=28).
  • Endosulfan is an organo-sulfur insecticide.
  • The energy received outside the atmosphere on a unit area held lower to the solar beam is called the solar constant.
  • Precooling ensures the quality of cut flowers while transporting them to distant places.
  • The environmental lapse rate is about 6.5°C/km.
  • The enzyme discovered by Buchner in 1897.
  • The enzyme present in dried latex of papaya is pepsin.
  • An enzyme without a prosthetic group is known as an apoenzyme.
  • Enzymes that exist in multiple forms within a single species of an organism are called isoenzymes.
  • EP (Ecosystem Production) is always less than zero in the irrational zone (Stage III).
  • Epigeal germination is found in mustard, sunflower, castor, and onion.
  • The ergot disease of bajra is caused by Claviceps fusiformis.
  • Earthing-up is done in groundnut crop at 35 to 45 DAS.
  • E-chaupal was established by Indian Tobacco Company (ITC) in Madhya Pradesh.
  • The economic part of clove is the flower bud.
  • The economic part of knol khol is the extended stem.
  • The economical part of sweet potato is the adventitious roots.
  • The edible part of cabbage is the head.
  • The edible part of cauliflower is the curd.
  • The Latin word "Educare" means to bring up physically or mentally.
  • Egyptian cotton or sea island cotton is Gossypium barbadense.
  • Eichhornia crassipes is known as water hyacinth.
  • EIL stands for Economic Injury Level.
  • Ekalux is the brand name of Quinalphos.
  • The element that induces stiffness in straw is Calcium (Ca).
  • Elytra is associated with beetles.
  • An embryo originating from an unfertilized egg is referred to as parthenogenesis.
  • Ear showing honeydew symptoms is a characteristic feature of grain smut of bajra.
  • Early blight of potato is caused by Alternaria solani.
  • Early blight of tomato is caused by Alternaria solani.
  • Early leaf spot disease of groundnut is caused by Cercospora arachidicola.
  • Late leaf spot of groundnut is caused by Cercospora personata.
  • The early maturing pigeon pea is Cajanus cajan flavus.
  • Early maturing varieties of mungbean include Pusa Baisakhi, PS16, and K851.
  • The early variety of ber is Seb.
  • The Earth's gaseous envelope held by gravity is called the atmosphere.
  • The technique used in assaying monoclonal antibodies is flow cytometry.
  • Earthing up in sugarcane is done 4 months after planting.
  • Earthing-up practice is done for potato and sugarcane.
  • Earthing-up in potato is done at 30–45 DAS.
  • Drainage away water from rice fields is advocated for the control of Nymphula (Rice Case Worm).
  • Draining water from the nursery is an effective control measure against Damping off.
  • Drip irrigation is also known as Trickle irrigation.
  • Drip irrigation was discovered in Israel.
  • The drip method is suitable for wider spaced orchard crops, sugarcane, and for saline soils.
  • Droplet size from the mist blower is 50-150 microns.
  • Dry preserved flower petals with fragrance are called Potpourri.
  • The dual purpose variety of guava is Lalit.
  • Dunkel draft is related to trade policy.
  • The duration of sunlight is measured by using a Sunshine Recorder.
  • During osmosis, the movement of water takes place from lower to higher concentration of solution.
  • Dursban is the trade name of Chlorpyrifos.
  • Dust formulations are applied using a Duster.
  • Double tetrasomic is represented as 2n+2.
  • Double trisomic is represented as 2n+1+1.
  • Downy mildew of cucurbits is caused by Pseudopernospora cubensis.
  • Downy mildew (Green Ear disease) of bajra is caused by Sclerospora graminicola.
  • Downward cupping of leaves in tobacco and tea shows S deficiency.
  • Downward movement of food synthesized in leaves takes place through Phloem.
  • Downward movement of nutrients and salts from the root zone with water is known as Leaching.
  • Downy mildew disease can be effectively managed by spraying Metalaxyl (Ridomil 25 WP).
  • In reptiles and birds, nitrogen is excreted in the form of Uric acid.
  • Downy mildew of grapevine is controlled by the Bordeaux mixture.
  • Downy mildew of grape is caused by the fungus Plasmopara viticola.
  • Drainage of one hectare cm (105 liters) in 24 hours is equal to 1.157 liters/sec.
  • Diseases that occur at irregular intervals are called Sporadic Diseases.
  • The shape of the growth curve is usually Sigmoid.
  • “DITHANE M 45” is the trade name of Mancozeb.
  • “DITHANE Z 78” is the trade name of Zineb.
  • DNA amplification is done in the machine called a Thermal cycler.
  • DNA denotes Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
  • DNA was first synthesized by A. Kornberg (1953).
  • Double cross hybrids of maize are developed by CGMS line.
  • The double cross technique of maize was given by D.F. Jones (1920).
  • Double gene dwarf varieties of wheat include Kalyansona, UP-215, Arjun, Pratap, Janak.
  • The double helix model of DNA was proposed by Watson and Crick (1953).
  • Double monosomic is represented as 2n-1-1.
  • Double super phosphate contains 35% Phosphorus.
  • The Directorate of Women in Agriculture is located in Bhubaneswar.
  • Disaccharides include Sucrose, Maltose, Lactose, and Cellobiose.
  • “Disbudding” is practiced in Chrysanthemum.
  • A disc plough is used for Deep ploughing in grassed fields.
  • The discharge rate of water per dripper is 1-4 litres/hour.
  • Discoloration of apple after cutting is due to Enzymes (PPO - Polyphenol oxidase).
  • The discovery that copper sulfate can be used to control ‘smut’ disease in wheat was made by Prevost, a French scientist.
  • The discovery that sulfur can be used to control powdery mildew was made by Robertson, an English scientist.
  • The disease caused by a deficiency of vitamin B12 is Pernicious anemia.
  • The disease caused by a deficiency of vitamin E is Sterility.
  • The disease caused by a deficiency of vitamin K is Non-coagulation of blood.
  • A disease occurring regularly in the same area is called Endemic.
  • Dieback and Little Leaf disease in Citrus show Cu deficiency.
  • Diclorvos is an Organophosphorus insecticide.
  • Dieback symptom on drumstick is a result of infestation by Mosquito bug (Helopeltis spp.).
  • Dieback disease in Rose is caused by Fungus (Botrytis cinerea).
  • Diffuse solar radiation is measured using a Pyranometer.
  • Dimecron is the trade name of Phosphanidon.
  • Diploid variety of apples are Self-fertile.
  • Diquat, Paraquat, Oxadiargyl, and Glyphosate belong to the selectivity group of Non-selective herbicides.
  • Direct or indirect harmful effects by one plant on another through the production of chemicals is referred to as Allelopathy.
  • The direction from which wind comes is the Windward side.
  • The direction to which wind goes is the Leeward side.
  • The Directorate of Rice Research is located at Hyderabad.
  • The Directorate of Sorghum Research is also located at Hyderabad.
  • Deoxyribose sugar + Nitrogenous base + phosphate group (PO₄) is known as a Nucleotide.
  • Deoxyribose sugar + Nitrogenous base is known as a Nucleoside.
  • The depth of soil sampling for areas having perennial crops is 25 cm.
  • The depth of soil sampling under ordinary farming conditions is 15 cm.
  • Dermatitis is caused by Ambrosia spp. (Ragweed).
  • Destroying angel is a Poisonous Mushroom.
  • The Destructive Insect and Pest Act was passed by the Government of India in 1914.
  • Desuckering of tobacco is done by Melaic Hydracids (2%).
  • Desuckering is practiced in Banana cultivation.
  • Detachment and transportation of topsoil particles by wind and water is known as Soil erosion.
  • Development in different sectors of agriculture, especially fruits and vegetables, is referred to as Rainbow revolution.
  • Development of fruit without fertilization is called Parthenocarpy.
  • Crop logging is the method of assessing requirements for nutrients for crop production.
  • Deficiency of vitamin B5 causes Pellagra.
  • Deficiency of vitamin B7 causes Paralysis.
  • Deficiency symptoms of Ca and B appear in Terminal buds.
  • Deficiency symptoms of N, P, K, Mg, and Mo appear in Older leaves.
  • Degreening of banana is done by Ethylene.
  • Dehulming of potato is used to obtain quality seed tuber by using the chemical CuSO₄.
  • Delay in maturity and succulency are toxicity symptoms of Nitrogen.
  • “Delhi” is a variety of Crossandra.
  • Delicious, Rome Beauty, and Parlin’s Beauty are varieties of Late maturing apple.
  • Demand for agricultural products always comes under Unit inelastic demand.
  • The density of a shelter belt is decided by Wind speed.
  • The Indian Lac Research Institute is situated at Ranchi.
  • Day-neutral plants include Cotton, maize, sunflower, safflower, groundnut, buckwheat, tomato.
  • DDT was originally discovered by Othmar Zeidler in 1874.
  • De-suckering practice is done for Tobacco.
  • De-tasseling practice is done for Maize.
  • Dead heart and white ear of rice is caused by Yellow stem borer.
  • Dead heart of sorghum is caused by Atherigona varia soccata (Shoot fly).
  • India’s place in coconut production in the world is First.
  • Decomposers include Bacteria and Fungi.
  • Deficiency appears as short internodes in plants due to Nitrogen (N).
  • Deficiency of Boron (Bo) is indicated by Sugarbeet.
  • Deficiency of Nitrogen (N) is indicated by Cauliflower.
  • Deficiency of vitamin B1 causes Beriberi.
  • “Cymbidium mosaic” is a disease affecting Orchids.
  • Cyperus belongs to Sedges.
  • Cytokinin is mainly synthesized in Root tips.
  • Daily mean temperature is calculated by finding the average of Max & Min Temperature.
  • Dalapon herbicide controls only Grassy Weeds.
  • Damping off of Brinjal seedlings is due to Pythium sp..
  • Damping off of Chilly seedlings is due to Pythium sp..
  • Damping off of Tobacco is caused by Pythium aphanidermatum.
  • The Dapog method is most commonly prevalent in the Philippines.
  • Dapog seedling practice is done for Rice seedlings.
  • Dark color of soil is normally associated with Decomposing Organic Matter.
  • Dasheri is a variety of Mango.
  • The date of monsoon withdrawal in India is 31st September.
  • The date of onset of monsoon in India is 1st June.
  • Cultivation of flowering and ornamental plants is known as Floriculture.
  • Cultivation of trees + crops is known as Agri-Silviculture.
  • Cultivation of trees and grasses together is referred to as Silvipasture.
  • The cultivation practice followed in cucurbits is Daria cultivation (River bed Cultivation).
  • The culture of an organ in vitro is called Organ culture.
  • The culture of plants without soil is known as Hydroponics.
  • The Curculionid biocontrol agent of beetle is Neochetina eichhorniae.
  • The Curculionid biocontrol agent of Salvinia is Cyrtobagous salviniae.
  • Curing practice is done for Tobacco and Tea.
  • Curling of leaf upwards and yellowing of terminal cotton shoots is a characteristic symptom of the presence of Cotton Aphid.
  • Cuscuta is a Complete stem parasite.
  • Cuscuta is otherwise known as Dodder.
  • CYI means Crop Yield Index.
  • Crops which are cultivated to catch the forthcoming season when the main crop fails are called Catch/Contingent Crops.
  • Crops which are grown to supplement the yield of the main crops are known as Augment Crops.
  • Crops that are grown to protect the main cash crop from certain pests are called Trap Crops.
  • Crops that protect another crop from animal passing or restrict wind speed, mainly grown as a border, are known as Border/Guard Crops.
  • A cross between two genetically different homozygous plants is called a Hybrid or F1.
  • Crossing of plants through the fusion of somatic cells is known as Somatic hybridization.
  • Crossing over and recombination occur during Meiosis division.
  • CSH-6 is a short-duration variety of Sorghum.
  • Cultivated pumpkin is botanically known as Cucurbita moschata.
  • Cultivation of crops in areas receiving rainfall from 750 to 1150 mm per annum is referred to as Dryland Farming.
  • Cultivation of crops in areas where average annual rainfall is <750 mm per annum is called Dry Farming.
  • The crop growing season of dryland farming is 75 – 120 days.
  • The crop having allelopathic influence by Nut sedge is Maize.
  • Crop production + livestock raising is referred to as Mixed farming.
  • Crop production and dairy enterprise have a Supplementary relationship.
  • Crop rotation practiced by the majority of farmers in a given area or locality is called a Cropping Pattern.
  • Crop rotation is an example of a Cultural method of insect pest control.
  • Silk is produced by the End of larval stage of the silkworm.
  • Crop weather calendar is used for Finding crop-weather relationship.
  • The crop which is highly susceptible to frost is Potato.
  • Cropped along with wild land weeds are known as Facultative weeds.
  • The cropping intensity of India is 137%.
  • The cropping intensity of maize-potato-wheat is 300%.
  • Crops which are cultivated on ploughed land are known as Arable crops.
  • Cowpea seeds are inoculated with Rhizobium for better yield.
  • CREMENT means Crop and Resource Management Network.
  • Crescograph was invented by Jagadish Chandra Bose.
  • ‘Cricket Ball’ and ‘Oval’ are varieties of Sapota.
  • CRIDA is located at Hyderabad.
  • CRIDA stands for Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (Hyderabad).
  • Crimson Glory and Super Star are types of Hybrid tea roses.
  • Criollo, Forastero, and Trinitario are three varietal types of Cocoa.
  • The critical stage for irrigation in barley is the Tillering Stage (30–35 DAS).
  • Crop destructive stages in the life cycle of beetles are Adults & Grubs.
  • Crop destructive stages in the life cycle of bugs are Adults & Nymphs.
  • Crop distribution throughout the world is largely influenced by Climate.
  • “Coreid bug” is a pest of Coconut.
  • Corms and cormels are the planting materials of Gladiolus.
  • Correlation lies between -1 to +1.
  • Coryza and Marek’s disease are diseases affecting Poultry.
  • Cosmolure is a pheromone trap used against the Banana Pseudostem weevil.
  • Cost A1 + rent paid for based land is Cost A2.
  • Cost A2 + interest on the value of owned capital assets (including land) is Cost B1.
  • Cost B1 + rental value of owned land and rent paid for leased land is Cost B2.
  • Cost calculated per hectare is known as Cost of Production (COC).
  • Cotton is popularly known in America as White gold.
  • Cottony Cushion Scale is a pest of Citrus.
  • Cow dung slurry application is a method to control Bacterial Leaf Blight.
  • Cow pea aphids can be controlled biologically using Fusarium pallidoroseum.
  • The largest producer of silk in the world is China.
  • The control of the Colorado potato beetle using Paris Green in 1867 was the first historically recorded success story in the application of modern plant protection chemicals.
  • The biological control of Fusarium wilt of chickpea is achieved by using fluorescent Pseudomonas (bacteria).
  • The controlling center of the cell is the nucleus.
  • Conventional tillage involves minimum tillage, zero tillage, and conservation tillage.
  • The bacteria responsible for the conversion of NH4 to NO2 in soil is Nitrosomonas.
  • The conversion of soil nitrate into gaseous nitrogen is known as denitrification.
  • Cool season crops prefer a temperature range of 14.5°C to 32°C.
  • The cooperative movement (1904) was initiated by F. Nicholson.
  • The state which is the leading producer of Muga silk is Assam.
  • Copper Arsenate is otherwise known as Paris Green.
  • The condition of the atmosphere inside the crops is called phytoclimate.
  • Conferences, panels, symposiums, discussions, meetings, workshops, field trips, and tours come under group contact.
  • Confounding design is adopted when the number of treatments is 10.
  • The infestation of Okra leaf roller (Sylepta derogata) scrapes the chlorophyll content, feeds inside, causes defoliation, and rolls the leaves in Bhindi.
  • Conservation tillage tends to encourage a higher microbial population.
  • Contaf is the trade name of Hexaconazole (5% EC).
  • Continued drought conditions in rice fields predispose the infestation by paddy mealy bug (Ripersia oryzae).
  • Continuous inbreeding (selfing) leads to homozygosity.
  • Continuous temperature is recorded by a thermograph.
  • Contour bunding is adopted where land slope is 6% and in areas where average annual rainfall is less than 600 mm.
  • In honey bees, the pollen basket is present in the hind leg.
  • The Community Development Project (CDP) was started on 2nd Oct, 1952.
  • Composite varieties of maize include Jawahar, Vikram, Kishan, Ambar, Sona, and Vijay.
  • Composite variety is developed by cross-pollination.
  • The concentration of a nutrient in plant tissue where growth of the plant is slowed down is called critical concentration.
  • The normal concentration of Bordeaux mixture is 1% (1:1:100).
  • The concentration of Bordeaux paste is 10% (1:1:10).
  • The concept of “essentiality of elements” was proposed in 1939 by Arnon and Stout.
  • The concept of lawn was developed in England.
  • The concept of pure line was given by Johnson.
  • The concept of the Village Level Worker was related to the Sri Niketan program (Rabindranath Tagore).
  • The condition and behavior of the atmosphere at a given time and place is called weather.
  • The condition of the atmosphere when the temperature falls quickly below zero degrees is called frost.
  • The commercial propagation method of sapota is inarching.
  • The commercially cultivated cultivar of oil palm is Tenera.
  • The commercial formulation of the acaricide Teradifon is Teedion.
  • The common causing agent of damping-off is Pythium.
  • The common herbicide used in rice crop fields is Anilophos and Butachlor.
  • The common herbicide used to control weeds in wheat is 2, 4-D.
  • The common household sugar is sucrose.
  • Common varieties of urdbean include Pant U-30, JU-2, Type-9, Barkha, and Gwalior-2.
  • The commonly followed soil particle classification in India is by the International Society of Soil Science (ISSS).
  • The commonly used method for the transfer of disease resistance from one variety to another is the backcross method.
  • The Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Bangalore, was established in 1957.
  • Communication is a two-way/double-way process.
  • The father of modern beekeeping in India is A.S. Atwal.
  • Karl Von Frisch was awarded for discovering the language method of communication of honey bees.
  • A colorless and odorless air pollutant is SO₂.
  • The dry bulb and wet bulb thermometers are used for measuring relative humidity.
  • The commercial formulation of ‘Nereistoxin’ is Padan.
  • The commercial propagating method of grapevine is hardwood cutting.
  • The commercial propagation method of guava is air layering.
  • The commercial propagation method of papaya is by seed.
  • The commercial propagation method of banana is by sword suckers.
  • The commercial propagation methods of chrysanthemum are root suckers and terminal cuttings.
  • The commercial propagation method of gladiolus is by corms.
  • The commercial propagation method of rose is ‘T’ budding.
  • Coconut is a cross-pollinated crop.
  • Coconut water is rich in cytokinins.
  • Cocos nucifera is the scientific name of coconut.
  • The coefficient of skewness for normal distribution is 0.
  • The coefficient of variation is calculated as CV = (SD/Mean) x 100.
  • The Coffee Board of India is located in Bangalore.
  • Coffee leaf rust disease is caused by the fungus Hemelia vastatrix.
  • Nicholas coined the term ‘functional nutrient’.
  • The main honey-producing bee family is Apidae.
  • Bright red indicates extremely toxic poisons.
  • Bright yellow indicates highly toxic poisons.
  • Bright blue indicates moderately toxic poisons.
  • Bright green indicates slightly toxic poisons.
  • The type of mouthparts found in honey bees are chewing and lapping.
  • Cleistogamy is found in wheat and barley.
  • Clipping off the top of rice seedlings reduces the infestation of rice hispa.
  • Clipping or trimming of live shrubs or trees into decorative shapes is known as topiary.
  • Clonal selection is mostly used in the crop ginger.
  • The lowest layer of the atmosphere is the stratosphere (8-18 km height).
  • Nimbus clouds are associated with rainfall.
  • Cumulonimbus clouds give heavy and continuous precipitation.
  • Cnaphalocrocis medinalis attacks all stages of the crop, from active tillering to booting.
  • Sapota variety CO-1 is a cross of Cricket ball × oval.
  • CO₂ strongly absorbs long-wave radiation.
  • The coarsest of all food grains is Kodo (Paspulum scrobiculatum).
  • The cockchafer beetle is a pest of coconut.
  • Chlorophyll contains magnesium (Mg).
  • The principle of opportunity cost is used to choose the best crop enterprises.
  • Chowghat Green Dwarf is a variety of coconut.
  • The chromosomal theory of heredity was proposed by W. Sutton in 1902.
  • Cigarette tobacco is prominently grown in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.
  • The circulatory system in insects is of the open type.
  • Citric acid soluble phosphatic fertilizers are DCP, basic slag, and Rhemania phosphate.
  • Citrus canker is caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri.
  • Citrus gumosis is caused by Phytophthora palmivora.
  • Citrus is propagated by apomictic embryos.
  • Clay particles have a size of less than 0.002 mm in diameter.
  • Clay soils contain at least 35% clay separates by weight.
  • Cleft grafting is practiced in apple and grapes.
  • Chemicals that retard the transpiration rate are called anti-transpirants.
  • Chestnut compound contains copper sulfate and ammonium carbonate.
  • Chestnut compound is mainly used for soil drenching.
  • The chi-square test was given by Karl Pearson.
  • Chiasmata occurs at the diplotene stage.
  • Chickpea varieties resistant to Fusarium Wilt: JG-74, JG-315, BG-256, Awarodhi.
  • Chickpea varieties suitable for rainfed conditions: Vishal, Anubhav.
  • The greenhouse gas responsible for global warming: CO₂ (50%).
  • The chief pollinator of pumpkin is the honey bee.
  • Chili leaves curl, malform, and dry up at tips due to infestation by Scirtothrips.
  • Chip budding is practiced in grapes.
  • Chlorite is a 2:1:1 or 2:2 type clay mineral.
  • Channelling begins with rill erosion in water erosion mechanisms.
  • A change in normal crop planning to meet weather abnormalities is termed contingent planning.
  • The change of floral organs to leaf-like structures is known as phyllody.
  • Traits controlled by several genes, each with a small individual effect, are called polygenic traits.
  • Chasmogamy is found in rice, barley, wheat, and oat.
  • Chawki stand, Netrika, and RKO powder are related terms in sericulture.
  • The cheapest nitrogen fertilizer suitable for foliar spray is urea (46% N).
  • Chelisoches moris is a natural enemy of the red palm weevil.
  • A chemical or physical agent that greatly enhances the frequency of mutation is called a mutagen.
  • The chemical used for polyploidy breeding is colchicine.
  • Chemicals used to break seed dormancy are thiourea and potassium nitrate.
  • Chemicals used for weed control are called herbicides.
  • Cereals are botanically classified as caryopsis.
  • Cereals are deficient in the amino acid lysine.
  • Certified seed is generally produced by the State Seed Corporation (SSC).
  • The term "enzyme" was given by W. Kuhne in 1867.
  • The certified seed tag has a purple color.
  • The certified tag color for breeder seed is golden yellow.
  • The certified tag color for foundation seed is white.
  • Certified seed can be produced from registered seed or foundation seed.
  • CFTRI stands for Central Food Technological Research Institute, located in Mysore, Karnataka.
  • Chaffy grains with black spots indicate infestation by Gundhi Bug (Leptocorisa acuta).
  • The Chairman of the National Commission for Farmers is Dr. M.S. Swaminathan.
  • The current Chairman of the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) is Shri Dilip Rath.
  • Chambakad Large is a variety of Indian Gooseberry (Nelli).
  • The Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI) is located in Kasargode, Kerala.
  • The Central Potato Research Institute is located in Shimla.
  • The Central Tobacco Research Institute is located in Rajmundri, Andhra Pradesh.
  • The Central Rice Research Institute is located in Cuttack, Odisha.
  • The Central Soil Salinity Research Institute is located in Karnal, Haryana.
  • The Central Tuber Crops Research Institute (CTCRI) is located in Sreekaryam, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala.
  • Deficiency of vitamin B2 causes skin cracking.
  • The Centre for Sustainable Agriculture is located in Secunderabad, Andhra Pradesh.
  • The center of origin of brinjal is India.
  • The center of origin of cucumber is India.
  • The center of origin of sugarcane is India.
  • Cereal crops show V-shaped pale yellowing at lower leaf tips due to nitrogen deficiency.
  • Cattle feed produced from anaerobic fermentation: Silage.
  • The economic part of cauliflower, the ‘head,’ is essentially a flower.
  • The causative organism of anthrax in cattle: Bacteria (Bacillus anthracis).
  • Low productivity of Kari soil is due to low pH.
  • Auxin causes the inhibition of root growth.
  • Capsanthin causes the red color in chili.
  • CCI stands for Cotton Corporation of India, Mumbai (established on 31 July 1970).
  • CCRP-1 is an improved clone of the Forastero variety of cocoa.
  • Cell theory was given by M.J. Schleiden and T. Schwann in 1939.
  • Meristematic cells have the ability to divide throughout the life of a plant.
  • The Central AGMARK Lab is located in Nagpur.
  • The central element in the learning situation is the learner.
  • The Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI) is located in Cochin, Kerala.
  • Metaldehyde, Carbofuran, Phorate, Copper sulfate, and Sodium chloride can be utilized as molluscicides.
  • Meristem culture can be utilized to produce virus-free plants.
  • The capability of an isolated single cell to multiply and differentiate into a multicellular organism: Totipotency.
  • Capillary movement of water is complemented by root extension.
  • Cardamom is propagated vegetatively by rhizomes.
  • The Cardamom Research Centre is located in Pampadumpara, Kerala.
  • Cashew nuts and almonds are the richest source of fat.
  • Cassava (Manihot esculenta) belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae.
  • Cassava mosaic disease is transmitted by the white fly.
  • Caterpillars possess biting and chewing mouthparts.
  • Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) is a physical property exhibited by soil colloids.
  • C4/Light reaction/Hill reaction takes place in the grana of chlorophyll.
  • Calcium (Ca) is essential for cell wall formation.
  • Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), and Sulfur (S) are secondary macronutrients.
  • The economic part of cabbage is its green leaves.
  • CaCO₃ is used to improve the condition of waterlogged soil.
  • CACP (1965) stands for Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices.
  • CADA stands for Command Area Development Authority.
  • The inflorescence of sugarcane is known as an arrow.
  • "Calixin" is the trade name of Tridemorph.
  • CAM stands for Crassulacean Acid Metabolism.
  • Plants that can be grown as hedge plants include Polyalthia, Casuarina, Acalypha, Phyllanthus, and Bougainvillea.
  • Congosignal grass can be grown as an intercrop in coconut gardens.
  • Benzoic acid and sulfur dioxide (SiO₂ and KMS) can be used as food preservatives.
  • Burgundy mixture is a copper fungicide.
  • The burning quality of tobacco is decreased due to chloride.
  • Bush pepper is raised from lateral branches (plagiotropes) of pepper.
  • By-products of sugarcane include molasses and bagasse.
  • A common viral disease of poultry is Ranikhet disease.
  • The C3 cycle is also known as the Blackman reaction.
  • C3 plants include rice, wheat, pea, and soybean.
  • C3/Dark reaction/Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma of chlorophyll.
  • The C4 cycle is also known as the Hatch and Slack pathway.
  • C4 plants include maize, sorghum, sugarcane, millets, and pineapple.
  • C4 plants have Kranz-type leaves.
  • C4 plants normally give more biological yield than C3 plants because of less respiration.
  • C4 plants prefer comparatively higher temperatures than C3 plants.
  • Brinjal is also known as Eggplant.
  • Brix reading of juice indicates total soluble solids.
  • Brown Revolution is related to non-conventional energy sources.
  • Grey Revolution is associated with fertilizers.
  • Brown spot disease in rice is caused by the fungus Helminthosporium oryzae.
  • Bryophyllum is propagated by leaf cutting.
  • Bt cotton is resistant to Helicoverpa (spotted bollworm).
  • Bt genes in cotton are introduced against cotton bollworm.
  • Bud rot in coconut is caused by the fungus Phytophthora palmivora.
  • Bugs have piercing and sucking mouthparts.
  • The bulk method was first used by Nilson Ehle (1908).
  • Bunch/Spanish/Erect type groundnut: Arachis hypogea fastigate.
  • Bunchy top of banana is caused by a virus.
  • Bureau of Indian Standards was established on 23 December 1986.
  • The branch of agriculture that deals with plant diseases: Phytopathology.
  • Branches used for bush pepper propagation: Plagiotropes.
  • Brassica juncea was evolved from B. campestris x B. nigra.
  • Brassica nigra was evolved from B. campestris x B. oleracea.
  • Braula fly is ectoparasitic on the queen bee.
  • Brazilian, Caribbean, Townsville, and Shrubby are types of Stylosanthes.
  • Breadfruit is vegetatively propagated by root cuttings.
  • Dormancy in cotton is broken using H₂SO₄.
  • Breeder’s seed is also known as nucleus seed.
  • Breeding refers to the bulk selection procedure in self-pollinated species.
  • Brindavan Garden in Mysore is an example of a formal garden.
  • Brindavan Garden is located in Mysore, Karnataka.
  • Brinjal fruits are a good source of Vitamin B.
  • Botanical name of Fieldpea: Pisum sativum var. Arvense.
  • Botanical name of Garden pea: Pisum sativum var. Hartense.
  • Botanical name of Kabuli/White Chickpea: Cicer kabulium.
  • Botanical name of Jackfruit: Artocarpus heterophyllus.
  • Botanical name of Nut grass: Cyperus rotundus.
  • Botanical name of Pearlmillet: Pennisetum glaucum.
  • Botanical name of Sorghum: Sorghum bicolor.
  • Botanical name of Two-rowed barley: Hordium distichoum.
  • Blight and rust-resistant varieties of wheat: UP 2425, PBW 273, WH 291.
  • Eye reading and self-recording instruments are found in Class A observatory.
  • Bordeaux mixture was discovered by Pierre-Marie-Alexis Millardet.
  • Bougainvillea is an ornamental climber.
  • Bougainvillea is propagated by simple layering.
  • Bragg & Silajeet are varieties of Soybean.
  • The blue color of the sky and red color of sunset are due to dispersion.
  • Blue-green algae associated with Azolla: Anaebeana.
  • Blue Revolution is related to fish production.
  • Founder of the Blue Revolution: Dr. Hiralal Choudhary (1957).
  • Rice pest with a pink to red body covered in white waxy meal: Rice mealy bug.
  • Boiling point of water on the Fahrenheit scale: 212°F.
  • Boiling point of water on the Kelvin scale: 373.15 K.
  • Bonsai originated in China and was popularized in Japan.
  • Bordeaux mixture acts as a repellent against chrysomelid beetles and leaf hoppers.
  • Bordeaux mixture is mainly used for foliar application.
  • Bordeaux paste is mainly used for wound dressing.
  • Botanical name of Bottle gourd: Lagenaria siceraria.
  • Botanical name of Desi/Brown Chickpea: Cicer arietinum.
  • Complete interveinal chlorosis occurs due to manganese (Mn) deficiency.
  • Conversion factor for % P: % P = % P2O5 x 0.43.
  • Conversion factor for % P2O5: % P2O5 = % P x 2.29.
  • Conversion values for % K: % K = % K2O x 0.83.
  • Conversion values for % K2O: % K2O = % K x 1.20.
  • Cotton consumes the maximum quantity of plant protection chemicals in India.
  • Cotton crop water requirement is 70-130 cm.
  • Cotton jassid (Amrasca bigutulla) causes hopper burn in cotton.
  • CPE value at 0.8 IW/CPE with 6.0 cm depth of irrigation water is 7.5 cm or 75 mm.
  • CRD is applied when experimental material is limited and homogeneous.
  • Crops grown along farm roads and fences are called avenue crops.
  • Crops that supplement the yield of main crops are called augmenting crops (e.g., mustard with berseem).
  • Cross pollination occurs when pollen from one plant's flower transfers to another's stigma.
  • CSH 13 and CSV 15 are suitable for grain and fodder.
  • Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) is when pollen sterility is caused by cytoplasmic genes.
  • Delta is the total depth of water required by a crop in the field.
  • Desi cotton is known as Gossypium arboretum.
  • Development of seed by self-pollination is referred to as autogamy.
  • Dichogamy occurs when male and female flowers of a hermaphrodite flower mature at different times.
  • Dieback of citrus occurs due to copper (Cu) deficiency.
  • Dioecious plants have male and female flowers on different plants.
  • DNA controls all cellular activities.
  • Double Zero variety “00” (Canola) contains <3% erucic acid and <30 µmol/g glucosinolates.
  • Drainage coefficient refers to the depth of water (cm) to be drained in 24 hours from the drainage area.
  • Drosometer measures dew.
  • Duty of water is calculated as 8.64 x base/delta.
  • Duty of water refers to the volume needed for irrigation to mature a crop.
  • Early varieties of ber include Gola and Seb.
  • Earthworms act as natural tillers of soil.
  • Economic heterosis refers to the superiority of a hybrid over a standard commercial check variety.
  • Embryo development without fertilization is called apomixis.
  • Equilibrium price is when demand and price are equal.
  • Ethoxy sulfuron's trade name is Sunrise.
  • Examples of in situ green manuring include sunhemp, dhaicha, and cluster beans.
  • Examples of often cross-pollinated crops include cotton, sorghum, and pea.
  • Excess vegetative growth is due to a high supply of nitrogen (N).
  • Explosive fertilizer is ammonium nitrate.
  • Factorial RBD provides main effects and interactions.
  • Failure of terminal bud and root tip is due to calcium (Ca) deficiency.
  • Feni is prepared from cashew apple and coconut.
  • Flared square symptoms in cotton are due to the spotted bollworm.
  • For transplanted rice, the critical period of crop-weed competition is 30-45 DAS.
  • For upland rice, the critical period of crop-weed competition is the entire growth period.
  • Fungi do not have photosynthesizing capability.
  • Glycogen is not found in plant cells.
  • Glyphosate is a non-selective herbicide.
  • Glyphosate is marketed as Roundup.
  • Gneiss is a type of metamorphic rock.
  • Grasserie is a viral disease affecting silkworms.
  • Grasses used for grassed waterways include Panicum repens, Paspalum notatum, Cynodon dactylon, and Brachiaria mutica.
  • Grey speck of oat and Phala blight of sugarcane are caused by manganese (Mn) deficiency.
  • Growing green manure crops and decomposing them in the same field is called in situ green manuring.