•  India is the only country to have developed and grown hybrid cotton commercially.
  • Karnataka is the largest producer of coffee in the country.
  • China is the largest producing and consuming country of tobacco in the world, whereas India holds the third position in production of tobacco.
  • Phenyl mercuric acid (PMA) is a chemical used in agriculture crops to reduce transpiration.
  • Jowar is known as the Camel crop and King of coarse grains.
  • India is the second country after China to have commercialized hybrid rice technology.
  • The edible part of cauliflower is: Curd.
  • Blanching is an important process for cauliflower.
  • Whiptail of cauliflower is due to Molybdenum (MO) deficiency.
  • Pusa ruby is a variety of Tomato.
  • Swaran roopa is an early variety of Litchi.
  • Pajaro is a variety of Strawberry.
  • Bolero is a variety of Marigold.
  • The richest source of vitamin C is Barbados cherry.
  • Germany is the largest importer of cut flowers in the world.
  • The dwarf variety of mango is Amrapali.
  • California Papershell is a variety of Almond.
  • The fruit of a rose is known as Hips.
  • The fruit of okra is a Capsule.
  • Coconut fat is a rich source of Lauric acid.
  • Coconut is propagated by Seeds.
  • Mango is mostly propagated through Veneer grafting.
  • The inflorescence of cabbage is known as Catkin.
  • Black heart of potato is due to Oxygen (O2) deficiency.
  • Pusa snowball is a variety of Cauliflower.
  • India's share in world fruit production is 10%.
  • Development of fruits without fertilization is called Parthenocarpy.
  • Development of an embryo without fertilization is known as Apomixis.
  • Oleoresin is an important product of Chilli seeds.
  • Kesar (saffron) belongs to the family Iridaceae.
  • The concentration of sugar used for preservation is 60-70%.
  • The mango variety suitable for high-density planting is Amrapali.
  • The most salt-tolerant fruit crop is Date Palm.
  • The fruit ripening hormone is Ethylene.
  • A form of low pruning up to 2 m height of stem is called Pollarding.
  • The early variety of ber is Gola, Seb. The planting season for deciduous plants is Jan-Feb.
  • The variety of date-palm used for dry dates (Chhuhara) is Halawi.
  • Generally, fruits are acidic in nature.
  • Baradari is an important feature of Mughal gardens.
  • The fruit of pineapple is known as Sorosis.
  • Garlic is propagated by means of bulbils (cloves).
  • The edible banana fruit is seedless due to embryo abortion (vegetative parthenocarpy).
  • Multistoried cropping is popular in coconut plantations.
  • The late ripening cultivar of ber is Umran.
  • The exclusion of microorganisms is known as Asepsis.
  • Banana initiates flowering 9-12 months after planting.
  • Papaya is native to tropical America.
  • The yellow pigment in papaya is caricaxanthin.
  • Papaya is the richest source of vitamin A after mango, containing 2020 IU per 100g.
  • Apple is known as the king of temperate fruits.
  • The family of apple is Rosaceae.
  • Red Delicious is the mother of all delicious group of apple cultivars.
  • Ber is known as the king of arid fruits.
  • The commercial propagation method of grape is hard wood cutting.
  • In India, black soil is mostly found in Maharashtra.
  • Red soil is mostly found in Tamil Nadu.
  • Sandy loam soil is most suitable for most crops.
  • Red soil color is due to various oxides of iron.
  • The vertical section of soil showing layers from surface to parent material is called soil profile.
  • The arrangement of soil particles into aggregates is called soil structure.
  • Particle density of soil is also known as true density.
  • The particle density of normal soil is 2.65 g/cm³.
  • The bulk density of normal soil is 1.33 g/cm³.
  • Formula of porosity of soil is: Porosity = (1 - Bulk Density / Particle Density) x 100.
  • Cation exchange capacity (CEC) of montmorillonite is 60-100 me/100g.
  • The first soil classification system was developed by Russian scientist Dokuchaev in 1880.
  • In the U.S. classification system, there are 10 soil orders.
  • Formula of bulk density: Bulk Density = Weight of Soil / Volume of Solids and Pores.
  • Law of Minimum was given by Von Liebig in 1840.
  • The topmost mineral horizon is the A horizon.
  • Exchangeable sodium percentage is also known as soluble percentage.
  • The term pH was introduced by Sorensen in 1909.
  • Energy exchange elements are hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O).
  • Potassium (K) and sodium (Na) are determined by flame photometer.
  • Micronutrients are also known as trace elements, oligo-elements, or spur elements.
  • Crop logging technique was given by H. F. Clements.
  • Metal nutrients include K, Fe, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu.
  • Highly mobile nutrients are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K).
  • Criteria of essentiality was proposed by Arnon & Stout in 1939.
  • The term "functional nutrient" was proposed by Nicholas in 1961.
  • Zinc (Zn) is a moderately mobile nutrient.
  • Farmyard manure (FYM) contains 0.5% nitrogen (N), 0.2% phosphorus (P₂O₅), and 0.5% potassium (K₂O).
  • India is the only country to have developed and grown hybrid cotton commercially.
  • Karnataka is the largest producer of coffee in India.
  • China is the largest producer and consumer of tobacco, while India ranks third in production.
  • Phenyl mercuric acid (PMA) is used in agriculture to reduce transpiration.
  • Jowar is known as the camel crop and king of coarse grains.
  • India is the second country after China to commercialize hybrid rice technology.
  • The edible part of cauliflower is the curd.
  • Blanching is an important process for cauliflower.
  • Whiptail of cauliflower is caused by molybdenum (Mo) deficiency.
  • Pusa Ruby is a variety of tomato.
  • Swaran Roopa is an early variety of litchi.
  • Pajaro is a variety of strawberry.
  • Bolero is a variety of marigold.
  • The richest source of vitamin C is Barbados cherry.
  • Germany is the largest importer of cut flowers in the world.
  • The dwarf variety of mango is Amrapali.
  • California Papershell is a variety of almond.
  • The fruit of rose is known as hips.
  • The fruit of okra is a capsule.
  • Coconut fat is rich in lauric acid.
  • Coconut is propagated by seeds.
  • Mango is mostly propagated through veneer grafting.
  • The inflorescence of cabbage is known as catkin.
  • Black heart of potato is due to oxygen deficiency.
  • Pusa Snowball is a variety of cauliflower.
  • India contributes 10% to the world's fruit production.
  • The development of fruits without fertilization is called parthenocarpy.
  • The development of an embryo without fertilization is known as apomixis.
  • Oleoresin is an important product of chilli seeds.
  • Kesar (saffron) belongs to the family Iridaceae.
  • Sugar concentration used for preservation is 60-70%.
  • Amrapali is a mango variety suitable for high-density planting.
  • The most salt-tolerant fruit crop is date palm.
  • Ethylene is the fruit-ripening hormone.
  • Pollarding is a form of low pruning up to 2 meters.
  • Gola and Seb are early varieties of ber.
  • The planting season for deciduous plants is January-February.
  • The variety of date palm used for dry dates (Chhuhara) is Halawi.
  • Fruits are generally acidic in nature.
  • Baradari is an important feature of Mughal gardens.
  • The fruit of pineapple is known as sorosis.
  • Garlic is propagated by bulbils (cloves).
  • Edible banana fruit is seedless due to embryo abortion (vegetative parthenocarpy).
  • Multistoried cropping is popular in coconut plantations.
  • Umran is a late-ripening cultivar of ber.
  • The exclusion of microorganisms is known as asepsis.
  • Akiochi disease is due to the toxicity of sulfur.
  • The first product of urea hydrolysis is ammonium carbamate.
  • Azolla is a blue-green algae.
  • The functional nutrients concept was given by Nicholas.
  • The state leading in wheat production in India is Uttar Pradesh.
  • NABARD was set up on the recommendation of the Shivaraman and Narasimhan Committees.
  • White rust of crucifers is caused by Albugo candida.
  • The hard fruits of citrus are due to the deficiency of boron.
  • The antidote for insect poisoning is atropine.
  • Tetrasomic is represented as 2n + 2.
  • The precursor of IAA (Indole-3-acetic acid) is tryptophan.
  • The fruit of okra is a capsule.
  • The vitamin containing cobalt as a constituent is Vitamin B12.
  • A free-living nitrogen-fixing organism is Azotobacter.
  • The dwarfing gene in rice is Dee Gee Woo Gen.
  • The center of origin of wheat is Mexico.
  • The total deemed universities under ICAR is 4.
  • The total national bureaus under ICAR are 5.
  • The Lab to Land programme started in the year 1979.
  • The disease discovered in Haryana is Karnal bunt.
  • The chromosomal theory of inheritance was proposed by Sutton & Boveri.
  • Ufra disease in rice is caused by the nematode Ditylenchus sp..
  • The fruit of mustard is known as siliqua.
  • The nitrogen content in ammonium sulfate is 21%.
  • Herbicides are not used in dust formulation due to drift hazard.
  • The fungicide used for smut control is Vitavax.
  • The first stable product formed in C3 plants is PGA (phosphoglycerate).
  • The greenhouse gas released from paddy fields is CH4 (methane).
  • B.P. Pal is a variety of rose.
  • Over the years, the percentage contribution of agriculture to GDP is decreasing.
  • The IADP (Integrated Agricultural Development Programme) started in the year 1960.
  • The person associated with the Gurgoan pilot project is P.L. Brayne.
  • The net irrigated area of India is 57 million hectares.
  • The price fixed by the government is called Minimum Support Price.
  • The powerhouse of the cell is the mitochondria.
  • The percentage of land resources of India in the world is 2.4%.
  • The headquarters of the W.T.O. (World Trade Organization) is located at Geneva.
  • The highest award presented to an agricultural scientist in the country is the Rafi Ahmad Kidwai Award.
  • The growth rate projected in the 10th five-year plan is 8.0%.
  • IARI (Indian Agricultural Research Institute) is a deemed university.
  • The highest CEC (Cation Exchange Capacity) is found in vermiculite.
  • The ESP (Exchangeable Sodium Percentage) of normal soil is less than 15%.
  • The sugar yield from sugarcane in India is 8-10%.
  • The permanent wilting point is observed at -15 bar.
  • Mango is mostly propagated through veneer grafting.
  • The microorganism associated with symbiotic N₂ fixation in non-legumes is Azolla.
  • The maximum nitrogen loss in rice occurs in the form of denitrification.
  • The head of the Planning Commission is the Prime Minister.
  • The climate suitable for arhar (pigeon pea) is warm tropical.
  • The high-yielding variety of wheat produced globally is associated with Borlaug.
  • Maximum phosphorus availability occurs at a pH of 6.5 – 7.0.
  • The chemical used for delinting cotton is H₂SO₄.
  • The highest nutrient content is found in SSP (Single Super Phosphate).
  • The sowing time for cotton in North India is around 15 May.
  • Soil erosion in India is estimated at 16 tons/ha/year.
  • Termites lay approximately 60 eggs per second.
  • The stable element is zirconium (Zr).
  • "Nature and Properties of Soils" was written by N.C. Brady.
  • The dominant gas in waterlogged soils is CO₂.
  • The Rothamsted Agricultural Research Station was founded by Lawes & Gilbert.
  • The protein content in wheat ranges from 12 – 14%.
  • Curing is related to the crop Tobacco.
  • The microorganism responsible for maximum nutrient cycling in the soil is Bacteria.
  • The extension program linked to planned credit for farmers is known as IRDP (Integrated Rural Development Programme).
  • Ratooning is commonly practiced in Sugarcane.
  • Molybdenum is required by plants because it acts as a cofactor for nitrate reductase.
  • The basic unit of development under the Integrated Rural Development Programme is a family.
  • The botanical name of green gram is Vigna radiata.
  • Cell theory was proposed by M.J. Schleden and Theodor Schwann 
  • The term Lysosomes was first used by Dave in 1955 
  • The main function of Golgi bodies are - packaging of food materials such as protein , lipids etc. 
  • The function of ribosomes are - Protein synthesis  
  • The term mitochondria was given by - C Benda (1897) 
  • The simple microscope was invented by - Galileo (1610) 
  • The shortest phase of all mitosis phase is - Anaphase  
  • Meiotic division is also known as reductional division  
  • The term mitosis was coined by Fleming (1882) 
  • Mitosis occurs in Somatic cells.
  • Segregation occurs during meiosis 
  • The longest mitotic phase is -Prophase  
  • Absorption Spectrum of photosynthesis is blue and red  
  • Action  Spectrum of photosynthesis is red and blue 
  • Dark reaction is also known as - Blackman reaction or C3 – cycle 
  • The main site for dark reaction of photosynthesis is – stroma 
  • The evaporation of water from plants is called - transpiration  
  • Evaporation from soil and transpiration combined are called ET 
  • C4 Plants proposed by Hatch and slack (1970) 
  • The dark reaction process of photosynthesis has been named variously - Calvin cycle or Blackman reaction 
  •  Light reaction is also known as Hill reaction  
  • In photosynthesis , the solar energy converts into - Chemical energy  
  • The OSMOSIS term was given by - Abble Nollet  (1748) 
  • The term “diffusion pressure deficit “ was introduced by - Meyer in 1938  
  • The term Imbibition was coined by - Sachs  
  • Imbibition Pressure is also known as - Matric Potential  
  • Root pressure word was coined by- Stephan Hales  
  • Father of  Physiology - Stephan Hales  
  • Soil less cultivation of plants is known as Hydroponics 
  • Rate of transpiration is determined by - Potometer  
  • The loss of sap (water) from the injured parts of plants is called - Bleeding 
  • Approximately 90% of the world photosynthesis is carried out by -  Marine and fresh water algae 
  • Net production of ATP in Glycolysis is  2  
  • Growth rate is measured by Auxanometer & Cresco graph 
  • Photoperiodism term was coined by -TD Lysenko (1920) 
  • Apical Bud dominance is caused by which hormone - Auxin  
  • Which hormones is used as a herbicide-auxin 
  • Which hormone is related to drought tolerance-  ABA 
  • Dormancy break by which hormone - Cytokinin  
  • Stress hardening in plants can be active by which hormone   ABA 
  • Fruit ripening hormone is - Ethylene  
  • The term auxin was used by - Frits went (Holland) 1905
  •  Want’s auxin is now known as - Indole -3-acetic acid (IAA) 
  • Which hormones are the Auxin - IAA, IBA, NAA , 2-4-D,2,4,5-T’ MCPA ,IPA TIBA etc 
  • Shedding of plant parts is due to- ABA hormones  
  • Cycocel (CCC) is a growth retardant  
  • The most widely used auxin herbicides are 2-4-D,2,4,5-T’ MCPA 
  • Gibberellins were first discovered in Japan 
  • The hormones also known as- Photo hormones, growth hormones, growth substances  
  • Main auxin is also known as IAA  
  • Root promoting hormones is IBA 
  • The precursor of IAA is - Tryptophasne