•  The type of credit required for purchasing milch cattle is a Medium Term Loan.
  • The type of credit required for reclaiming one acre of kayal land is Long Term Credit.
  • The vegetable crop under approval for Bt technology is Brinjal.
  • Vertical cracks are a major problem in Deep black soils.
  • The vertical section of soil from the surface to the bedrock is called a Soil Profile.
  • The virus used for the control of gram pod borer is NPV (Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus).
  • The visible part of light that is least important in photosynthesis is Green light.
  • The vitamin also called the Sunshine vitamin is Vitamin D.
  • The Warehousing Corporations Act came into operation on 18th March 1962.
  • The water content between Field Capacity (-1/3 bar) to PWP (-15 bar) is called Available water.
  • The water is lost during transpiration in the form of Vapor.
  • The water use efficiency of C4 plants is Higher than C3 plants.
  • The wavelength of the visible portion of the solar spectrum is 380 to 700 nm.
  • Van Mahotsav Day in India is observed on 1 July.
  • The particle density of most soils is 2.65 g/cc.
  • The process of mixing soils is known as Pedoturbation.
  • The varieties suitable for late planting of potato are Kufri Sinduri, Kufri Dewa, Kufri Jeevan, etc.
  • The wheat variety best suited for sowing in rainfed areas includes C-306, Sujata, Shera, Mukta.
  • The variety of carrot that is the richest source of vitamin A is Pusa Meghali.
  • The variety of radish with the capacity to purify the liver is Pusa Chetki.
  • The vector of bunchy top disease in banana is the Banana aphid.
  • The bulk density of general soil is 1.33 g/cc.
  • The vector of sterility mosaic of pigeon pea is a Mite.
  • The vector of Tungro disease is the Green Leaf Hopper.
  • The word ‘ecosystem’ was coined by A.G. Tansley.
  • The word ‘Soil’ is derived from Latin.
  • The term ‘Zero tillage’ was coined by Jethro Tull.
  • The word ‘Extension’ was first used by Vorhees.
  • Surra is a common disease in camels caused by protozoa.
  • The year 2005 was declared as the international year of Micro-organisms by the United Nations.
  • The year 2006 was declared as the international year of Desert and Desertification by the United Nations.
  • The year 2007 was declared as the international year of Water by the United Nations.
  • The year 2008 was declared as the international year of Potato by the United Nations.
  • The year 2009 was declared as the international year of Fibre by the United Nations.
  • The year 2010 was declared as the international year of Biodiversity by the United Nations.
  • The year 2011 was declared as the international year of Forest by the United Nations.
  • The water retained by the soil in capillary pores (micro pores) against gravity (-1/3 to -31 bar) by the force of surface tension is called Capillary water.
  • The water that moves downward freely under the influence of gravity (<1/3 bar) beyond the root zone is called Gravitational water.
  • The weathering mineral that has the most stable soil structure is Kaolinite.
  • The weight of 100 seeds of a crop is referred to as Seed Index.
  • The weight of 1000 seeds of a crop is called Test weight.
  • The weight of one hectare of surface soil (0-15 cm) in kilograms is 2.24 × 10^6 kg/ha.
  • The weight of the carbon of air at any given place and time is referred to as Atmospheric pressure.
  • The whip smut of sugarcane is caused by Ustilago hordei.
  • The whitefly that infests the underside of sugarcane leaves is Neomaskellia bergii.
  • The wilt of cotton is Seed and Soil borne.
  • The WMO (World Meteorological Organization) day falls on 23rd March 1950.
  • The word ‘Biochemistry’ is a Greek word.
  • The year from which the Seed Act 1966 came into force throughout the country is 1969.
  • The KVK (Krishi Vigyan Kendra) was started in 1974.
  • The yield of guava per hectare is 12-15 tonnes.
  • The young ones of insects with complete metamorphosis are known as Larva.
  • The young ones of insects with incomplete metamorphosis are known as Nymphs.
  • The zone at which TP (Total Production) increases but at a decreasing rate is called the Rational zone (Stage II).
  • The World Meteorological Day is observed on March 23rd.
  • Thena is otherwise known as Italian Millet.
  • The theory of evolution through natural selection was given by C. Darwin and A.R. Wallace (1858).
  • The thermometer was invented by Galileo Galilei.
  • Ozone Day is celebrated on 16th September.
  • Thimet is the trade name of Phorate.
  • The year 2012 was declared as the international year of Cooperatives.
  • The year 2013 was declared as the international year of Water Cooperatives.
  • The year 2014 was declared as the international year of Family Farming.
  • The year 2015 was declared as the international year of Soils.
  • The year 2016 was declared as the international year of Pulses.
  • The year 2017 was declared as the international year of Sustainable Tourism for Development.
  • The year 2019 was declared as the international year of Indigenous Languages.
  • The year 2020 was declared as the international year of Plant Health.
  • The year 2021 was declared as the international year of Fruits & Vegetables.
  • The year 2022 was declared as the international year of Fruits & Artisanal Fisheries & Aquaculture.
  • The year 2024 is declared as the international year of Camelids.
  • Thunderstorms are associated with Cumulonimbus clouds.
  • Thuricide is an insecticidal formulation developed from Bacillus thuringiensis.
  • The disease known as Tikka leaf spot affects Groundnut.
  • Examples of Facultative weeds include Lantana camara, Parthenium hysterophorus, Calotropis gigantea, Tribulus terrestris, Datura metel, Abutilon spp., Alternanthera pungens, etc.
  • The recommendation for the establishment of Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) came from the Mohan Singh Mehta Committee.
  • Rajasthan was the first state in India to adopt the Panchayati Raj system.
  • Dr. Verghese Kurien, known as the "Father of the White Revolution" in India, is a recipient of the World Food Prize.
  • Rajasthan has the largest geographical area among all Indian states.
  • Punjab is the state with the highest percentage of irrigated land due to its extensive canal and tube well systems.
  • Punjab also leads in productivity per hectare due to its advanced agricultural practices and infrastructure.
  • In 2002, the support price of wheat in India was set at Rs. 610 per quintal.
  • Mawsynram, located in Meghalaya, receives the highest annual rainfall in India.
  • Jaisalmer, in Rajasthan, has the lowest average rainfall in the country.
  • Madhya Pradesh is often referred to as the "Soybean Fort" of India, as it is a leading producer of soybeans.
  • Bangalore is known as the "Garden City" due to its greenery and numerous public parks.
  • Western Rajasthan has the lowest forest area in India, primarily because it is part of the Thar Desert.
  • Peter Dearesenzi is often regarded as the Father of Agronomy for his foundational work in crop and soil management.
  • Jethro Tull wrote the book Horse Hoeing Husbandry, a groundbreaking work in agricultural science that discussed tillage and weed control.
  • Jethro Tull is also recognized as the Father of Weed Science because of his emphasis on using mechanical methods to control weeds, primarily through the hoe.
  • Jhum cultivation (also known as shifting cultivation) is prevalent in the eastern part of India, particularly in the northeastern states.
  • The primary demerit of shifting cultivation is soil loss due to deforestation and erosion that follows clearing land by burning.
  • The objective of sustainable agriculture is to maintain ecological balance while providing long-term agricultural productivity.
  • The cuboidal pattern of planting achieves the maximum plant population by arranging plants in a way that maximizes space efficiency.
  • Mixed farming combines both crop production and livestock on the same farm, allowing diversification and resource use efficiency.
  • Mono cropping is the practice of growing the same crop on the same land continuously, year after year.
  • Parallel cropping involves growing crops with different natural habits that do not compete with each other, maximizing yield and resource use.
  • Synergetic cropping is a system where both crops yield more together than they would if grown separately, showing a positive interaction.
  • Multistoried cropping involves cultivating crops of different heights on the same piece of land at the same time, often used in tropical areas to maximize sunlight and space.
  • Mono cropping has a cropping intensity of 100% since only one crop is grown on the same land per year.
  • Paira cropping (also called paira or relay cropping) is popular in Bihar and West Bengal, where a second crop is sown before the first crop is harvested.
  • Utera cropping is mainly practiced in Madhya Pradesh, where rice is grown and a second crop is sown directly into the standing rice field before harvesting.
  • Terra farming is a conceptual farming system developed to simulate Earth-like conditions on Mars.
  • The Harvest Index (HI) formula measures the ratio of grain yield to total biomass yield, usually expressed as a percentage: Harvest Index=(Grain yieldTotal biomass yield)×100 \text{Harvest Index} = \left( \frac{\text{Grain yield}}{\text{Total biomass yield}} \right) \times 100 Harvest Index=(Total biomass yieldGrain yield​)×100
  • Agro-climatic regional planning was introduced in the 7th Five-Year Plan (1988) in India, focusing on region-specific agricultural planning.
  • India has 15 agro-climatic zones, each suited for specific types of crops based on climate and soil conditions.
  • Dry farming is the cultivation of crops in areas with annual rainfall below 750 mm, relying on moisture-conserving techniques.
  • Dryland farming is used in areas with annual rainfall between 750 mm and 1150 mm.
  • Rain-fed farming applies to areas where annual rainfall is more than 1150 mm.
  • A drought occurs when annual rainfall is less than 75% of the normal amount.
  • Severe drought is declared when rainfall is below 50% of the normal level.
  • Supplemental irrigation, or life-saving irrigation, is used during critical growth stages to avoid crop failure.
  • PMA (Phenylmercuric acetate) is an anti-transpirant that works by closing stomata to reduce water loss in plants.
  • Kaolin is a reflecting-type anti-transpirant that reduces heat and light absorption by coating the leaves with a reflective layer.
  • Cycocel is a growth retardant used to control plant height and improve resistance to environmental stress.
  •  The number one vegetable crop at the global level is potato.
  • Seed rate of hybrid brinjal is 300-500 gm/ha.
  • Nutrient essential for oilseed crops is sulfur.
  • Nutrient that enhances disease resistance of plants is potassium.
  • Nutrient uptake by nitrogen in both forms for rice crop includes NH4+ and NO3–.
  • Nutrient responsible for the translocation of sugar in sugarcane is potassium (K).
  • Nutrient with maximum uptake by plants is K+.
  • Nutrients absorbed by plants from the soil solution are carried upward through the xylem.
  • NUVACRON is the trade name of monocrotophos.
  • NUVAN is the trade name of DDVP (Dichlorvos).
  • North of the equator, surface winds are known as northeast trade winds.
  • The North-East monsoon contributes 25% of the total annual rainfall of India.
  • The notorious weed Lantana camara is controlled by the lantana bug.
  • NPK content of farm compost is 0.5:0.15:0.5%.
  • NPK content of poultry manure is 3.023:2.63:1.4%.
  • NPK content of town compost is 1.4:1:1.4%.
  • In maize plants, the critical stages for water are tasseling and silking stages.
  • NPK recommendation for rice is 100:60:40 kg/ha.
  • NPMSF (National Project on Management of Soil Health & Fertilizer) started in 2008-09.
  • NPV (Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus) effectively controls lepidopteran pests.
  • NREGP means National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme.
  • NRSA (National Remote Sensing Agency) is located in Hyderabad.
  • The oldest commercially available fertilizer is SSP (16-18% P2O5).
  • The oldest cultivated tropical fruit is banana.
  • The oldest N fertilizer, best for top dressing in rice, is ammonium sulfate (20.6% N and 24% S).
  • Olericulture is the study of vegetables.
  • Oligosaccharides contain sucrose, maltose, cellobiose, lactose, and stachyose.
  • Oligosaccharides used in the preservation of foods is sucrose.
  • A very strongly acid soil has a pH range of 4 and below.
  • CACP fixes minimum prices of crops based on the cost of production.
  • Oncocephela tuberculata, a pest of tuber crops, is a leaf miner.
  • Citrus and cucurbitaceous fruits are hesperidia.
  • Day-neutral plants include tomato, pea, and cucumber.
  • Pisang lilin is not a triploid variety of banana.
  • Nymph of Leptocorisa (rice bug) feed on young leaves.
  • Nymphs are the larval stages of insects undergoing incomplete metamorphosis.
  • An objectionable weed of wheat is Convolvulus arvensis.
  • The occurrence of Mahali diseases in arecanut is associated with the South West Monsoon.
  • Cation exchange capacity of a soil colloid is the capacity to adsorb or release nutrients.
  • India’s position in tobacco production in world agriculture is third.
  • Off-season varieties of chrysanthemum include Haldi ghati, Himansu, Jaya, and Jwala.
  • Crops that often undergo cross-pollination include safflower, arhar, cotton, and sorghum.
  • Oil content in copra is 62%.
  • Oil content in sesame seeds is 50%.
  • Oil percentage in Ratanjot (Jatropha sp.) is 35% (from seed).
  • Okta scale is a measure of cloud cover.
  • Old and new leaves show deficiency symptoms of zinc (Zn).
  • Operation Flood started on January 13, 1970.
  • Operation Flood is related to milk production.
  • Operation Flood resulted in the White Revolution.
  • Seed rate of watermelon is 4-4.5 kg/ha.
  • Optimum area under forest required is 33% of the total geographical area.
  • Optimum depth of sowing for most field crops is 3-5 cm.
  • Optimum level of input use without resource limitation follows the law of diminishing return.
  • Optimum moisture content for safe storage of mustard is 7-8%.
  • Optimum profit is obtained where marginal cost (MC) equals marginal profit (MP).
  • Optimum storage life of grapes is 6-8 weeks.
  • Optimum temperature for rice crop growth is 30-32°C.
  • Optimum temperature for sugarcane growth is 21-27°C.
  • Optimum temperature range for most common vegetables is 24°C to 35°C.
  • India's position in world agriculture is second in wheat, rice, oilseeds, fruits, sugarcane, cotton, and vegetables production.
  • One crop variety grown alone in pure stands at normal density is called sole cropping.