•  The type of credit required for purchasing milch cattle is a Medium Term Loan.
  • The type of credit required for reclaiming one acre of kayal land is Long Term Credit.
  • The vegetable crop under approval for Bt technology is Brinjal.
  • Vertical cracks are a major problem in Deep black soils.
  • The vertical section of soil from the surface to the bedrock is called a Soil Profile.
  • The virus used for the control of gram pod borer is NPV (Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus).
  • The visible part of light that is least important in photosynthesis is Green light.
  • The vitamin also called the Sunshine vitamin is Vitamin D.
  • The Warehousing Corporations Act came into operation on 18th March 1962.
  • The water content between Field Capacity (-1/3 bar) to PWP (-15 bar) is called Available water.
  • The water is lost during transpiration in the form of Vapor.
  • The water use efficiency of C4 plants is Higher than C3 plants.
  • The wavelength of the visible portion of the solar spectrum is 380 to 700 nm.
  • Van Mahotsav Day in India is observed on 1 July.
  • The particle density of most soils is 2.65 g/cc.
  • The process of mixing soils is known as Pedoturbation.
  • The varieties suitable for late planting of potato are Kufri Sinduri, Kufri Dewa, Kufri Jeevan, etc.
  • The wheat variety best suited for sowing in rainfed areas includes C-306, Sujata, Shera, Mukta.
  • The variety of carrot that is the richest source of vitamin A is Pusa Meghali.
  • The variety of radish with the capacity to purify the liver is Pusa Chetki.
  • The vector of bunchy top disease in banana is the Banana aphid.
  • The bulk density of general soil is 1.33 g/cc.
  • The vector of sterility mosaic of pigeon pea is a Mite.
  • The vector of Tungro disease is the Green Leaf Hopper.
  • The word ‘ecosystem’ was coined by A.G. Tansley.
  • The word ‘Soil’ is derived from Latin.
  • The term ‘Zero tillage’ was coined by Jethro Tull.
  • The word ‘Extension’ was first used by Vorhees.
  • Surra is a common disease in camels caused by protozoa.
  • The year 2005 was declared as the international year of Micro-organisms by the United Nations.
  • The year 2006 was declared as the international year of Desert and Desertification by the United Nations.
  • The year 2007 was declared as the international year of Water by the United Nations.
  • The year 2008 was declared as the international year of Potato by the United Nations.
  • The year 2009 was declared as the international year of Fibre by the United Nations.
  • The year 2010 was declared as the international year of Biodiversity by the United Nations.
  • The year 2011 was declared as the international year of Forest by the United Nations.
  • The water retained by the soil in capillary pores (micro pores) against gravity (-1/3 to -31 bar) by the force of surface tension is called Capillary water.
  • The water that moves downward freely under the influence of gravity (<1/3 bar) beyond the root zone is called Gravitational water.
  • The weathering mineral that has the most stable soil structure is Kaolinite.
  • The weight of 100 seeds of a crop is referred to as Seed Index.
  • The weight of 1000 seeds of a crop is called Test weight.
  • The weight of one hectare of surface soil (0-15 cm) in kilograms is 2.24 × 10^6 kg/ha.
  • The weight of the carbon of air at any given place and time is referred to as Atmospheric pressure.
  • The whip smut of sugarcane is caused by Ustilago hordei.
  • The whitefly that infests the underside of sugarcane leaves is Neomaskellia bergii.
  • The wilt of cotton is Seed and Soil borne.
  • The WMO (World Meteorological Organization) day falls on 23rd March 1950.
  • The word ‘Biochemistry’ is a Greek word.
  • The year from which the Seed Act 1966 came into force throughout the country is 1969.
  • The KVK (Krishi Vigyan Kendra) was started in 1974.
  • The yield of guava per hectare is 12-15 tonnes.
  • The young ones of insects with complete metamorphosis are known as Larva.
  • The young ones of insects with incomplete metamorphosis are known as Nymphs.
  • The zone at which TP (Total Production) increases but at a decreasing rate is called the Rational zone (Stage II).
  • The World Meteorological Day is observed on March 23rd.
  • Thena is otherwise known as Italian Millet.
  • The theory of evolution through natural selection was given by C. Darwin and A.R. Wallace (1858).
  • The thermometer was invented by Galileo Galilei.
  • Ozone Day is celebrated on 16th September.
  • Thimet is the trade name of Phorate.
  • The year 2012 was declared as the international year of Cooperatives.
  • The year 2013 was declared as the international year of Water Cooperatives.
  • The year 2014 was declared as the international year of Family Farming.
  • The year 2015 was declared as the international year of Soils.
  • The year 2016 was declared as the international year of Pulses.
  • The year 2017 was declared as the international year of Sustainable Tourism for Development.
  • The year 2019 was declared as the international year of Indigenous Languages.
  • The year 2020 was declared as the international year of Plant Health.
  • The year 2021 was declared as the international year of Fruits & Vegetables.
  • The year 2022 was declared as the international year of Fruits & Artisanal Fisheries & Aquaculture.
  • The year 2024 is declared as the international year of Camelids.
  • Thunderstorms are associated with Cumulonimbus clouds.
  • Thuricide is an insecticidal formulation developed from Bacillus thuringiensis.
  • The disease known as Tikka leaf spot affects Groundnut.
  • Examples of Facultative weeds include Lantana camara, Parthenium hysterophorus, Calotropis gigantea, Tribulus terrestris, Datura metel, Abutilon spp., Alternanthera pungens, etc.
  •  Gujarat ranks first in cotton production in India.
  • Gypsum is used for the reclamation of alkali soils.
  • H2PO4- is greatest absorbed at acidic pH 6.5 or less.
  • Haloxylon salicornium can be suggested for saline soil.
  • Harvest index in cereals ranges from 0.4 to 0.5.
  • Harvest index in pulses ranges from 0.2 to 0.3.
  • Harvesting is not a function of marketing.
  • Heat processing is used for killing microorganisms in food.
  • Herbicides showing a knockdown effect include paraquat, diquat, and glyphosate.
  • Heterobeltiosis estimates heterosis over the superior parent.
  • High lime requirement crops are soybean and sugarbeet.
  • Highly salt-tolerant crops include barley and sugarbeet.
  • HUE denotes the dominant spectral color in the Munsell color chart.
  • Hygroscopic water is held at a tension of 31 atmospheres or more.
  • Hygroscopic water is held tightly as a thin film around soil particles and flows at gravity of > -31 bar.
  • If a single gene governs multiple traits, it is called pleiotropy.
  • If calculated F is greater than table F at 5%, the treatment differences are significant.
  • If pH < 8.5, EC > 4 dS/m, and ESP < 15%, the soil is classified as saline.
  • If pH < 8.5, EC > 4 dS/m, and ESP > 15%, the soil is classified as saline-alkali.
  • If pH > 8.5, EC < 4 dS/m, and ESP > 15%, the soil is classified as alkali.
  • If the embryo originates from an unfertilized egg, the process is called parthenogenesis.
  • Imperata cylindrica is an important weed of tea.
  • In groundnuts, pods without kernels or unfilled pods are due to calcium deficiency.
  • In pumpkin, male and female parents can be grown in a 1:3 ratio.
  • In sugarcane, taking a ratoon crop is advisable only for one time.
  • India is the world’s largest producer of lemons and limes.
  • India ranks 1st in banana production.
  • India ranks 1st in cow milk production.
  • India ranks 1st in ginger production.
  • India ranks 1st in mango production.
  • India ranks 2nd in cashew nut production.
  • India ranks 2nd in cotton production.
  • India ranks 2nd in fish production globally.
  • India ranks 2nd in fruit production.
  • India ranks 2nd in onion production.
  • India ranks 2nd in potato production.
  • India ranks 2nd in rice production.
  • India ranks 2nd in sugarcane production.
  • India ranks 2nd in tea production.
  • India ranks 2nd in the production of cauliflower and cabbage.
  • India ranks 2nd in vegetable production.
  • India ranks 2nd in wheat production.
  • India ranks 3rd in black pepper production.
  • India ranks 3rd in coconut production.
  • India ranks 3rd in food grain production.
  • India ranks 3rd in tobacco production.
  • India ranks first in livestock population globally.
  • India stands first in milk production globally.
  • Indian mustard is classified as Brassica juncea.
  • Indonesia ranks first in coconut production.
  • Infiltrometer is used for measuring infiltration.
  • Interactions are unimportant in Confounding Design.
  • Interveinal chlorosis occurs due to iron (Fe) deficiency.
  • Irrometer gauges water stress and soil moisture tension.
  • Jagannath is a mutant variety of rice.
  • Jhuming refers to traditional cultivation in hilly areas.
  • Jwalamukhi is a variety suitable for high-density planting of chilli.
  • Kaolinite is a layer silicate type of 1:1.
  • Kerala is known as the "Spice Garden of India."
  • Lactometer measures fats percentage in milk.
  • Leaching is used for the treatment of saline soils.
  • Leaf hopper transmits phyllody disease in til.
  • Limestone is used for the reclamation of acidic soils.
  • Lines that are homozygous and homogeneous are called a pure line.
  • Linseed oil is a chief source of omega-3 fatty acids, beneficial for heart patients.
  • Litchi is commonly known as the single-seeded nut.
  • Little leaf of cotton occurs due to zinc (Zn) deficiency.
  • Maize and groundnut require 50-80 cm of water.
  • Mango has the highest Vitamin A content among fruits.
  • Mantek disease of rice is caused by the rice root nematode.
  • Marmalade is made from citrus fruit slices in sugar solution.
  • Mass flow is affected by transpiration.
  • Metric suctions are measured by a tensiometer.
  • Mitochondria are called the "powerhouse of the cell."
  • Mixing 2 kg of 2,4-D in 1000 liters of water results in a concentration of 2000 ppm.
  • Modified leader system is mostly used for apple crops.
  • Monoecious plants have male and female flowers on the same plant.
  • Muller first used X-rays as a mutagen.
  • Multi lines in wheat are produced by back cross breeding.
  • Mustard cake is unsuitable for protein due to glucosinolates.
  • National income is the most important indicator of economic development.
  • Nectar has 20% fruit juice and 15% total solids.
  • Neelum, Hira, Mukta, and K-2 are varieties of linseed.
  • Neem is known as the wonder tree.
  • Nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) are most useful for legumes.
  • Nitrofen's trade name is Toke E-25.
  • Non-Virginia type tobacco varieties include bidi, hookah, and chewing tobacco.
  • Nutrients that can be applied by fertigation include nitrogen and sulfur.
  • Rediscovery of Mendel’s work was done by Hugo de Vries, Carl Correns, and Erich Tschermak in 1900.
  • Redness in apple is due to anthocyanin.
  • Brown or leaf rust in wheat is caused by Puccinia recondite tritici.
  • A line left unsown in the regular row series of sowing is called skip cropping.
  • Reflectant-type antitranspirants include kaolin (5%).
  • Regional Rural Banks (RRB) were established on October 2, 1975.
  • An example of a nurse crop is mustard (rai) in peas and jowar in cowpea.
  • The regression coefficient is independent of the origin.
  • Regular bearer varieties of mango include Ratna, Neelum, Himsagar, Gulab Khas, Pairy, and Totapari.
  • Reward of labour is wages.
  • RFLD denotes restriction fragment length polymorphism.
  • Rhizobium fixes atmospheric nitrogen in the soil at 50-100 kg/ha.
  • Rhizobium japonicum culture is applied for soybean and groundnut.
  • Rhizobium leguminosarum is applied for pea, lathyrus, and lentil.
  • Rhizobium trifolii is applied for berseem.
  • Rice 'white tip' is caused by the infestation of Aphelenchoides, a nematode.
  • Rice blast is caused by the fungus Pyricularia.
  • Rice blast is effectively controlled by spraying edifenphos.
  • Notable rice breeders include Dr. H. M. Beachell and Dr. Gurdev Singh Khush in India.
  • Rice case worm is Nymphula depunctalis.
  • The father of soil taxonomy is Dr. Guy D. Smith.
  • Andhra Pradesh is known as the 'Rice Granary of India.'
  • Fixed costs include rent, interest on fixed capital, depreciation of buildings, taxes, and wages of permanent laborers.
  • Repeated application of treatments is known as replication.
  • Repeated crossing of hybrid progeny back to one of its parents is called back cross.
  • The reproductive structures of fungi are spores.
  • Coarse textured soils require more splits of nitrogen application.
  • The requirement of dryland crops is the length of the growing period.
  • Reserpine is isolated from the roots of Rauwolfia.
  • The yellow pigment in papaya is Carica xanthin.
  • The response of plants to the relative length of day and night periods is called photoperiodism.
  • Result demonstration is based on seeing by doing.
  • The C ratio of legumes is 20:1 to 30:1.
  • Retting of jute fiber is a biochemical process.
  • Reward of capital is interest.
  • Ring budding is practiced in rubber, ber, cherry, and cinchona.
  • Risks arising due to changes in government policies are termed institutional risk.
  • RNA that transfers amino acids from cytoplasm to ribosome is m-RNA.
  • Robert Owen, the founder of cooperatives, is a native of Britain.
  • Rock bees are seen suspended free from the tops of roof trees.
  • Rock phosphate is mostly used for perennial crops and acidic soil.
  • The fruit of buckwheat is known as achene.
  •  In bugs, forewings are modified into hemelytra.
  • Hind wings in bugs are membranous.
  • In flies, hind wings are reduced to halteres.
  • IISR-Varada, IISR-Rejatha, and IISR-Mahima are varieties of dry ginger.
  • The isotherm is an imaginary line representing equal temperature.
  • Imbibition concept was coined by Julius von Sachs.
  • Immobile element in plants is calcium.
  • Immobile element in soil is phosphorus.
  • Imperator is a carrot variety.
  • Imperial Agricultural Research Institute was started in 1903.
  • Yellowing of lower leaves indicates nitrogen deficiency.
  • In a seed, the food storage tissue is called endosperm/cotyledon.
  • In a soil profile, 'A' & 'B' horizons together are called solum.
  • In a soil profile, the A2 horizon is referred to as the eluvial zone.
  • A3, B1, & B3 horizons in a soil profile are known as transitional layers.
  • Linseed is grown for both fiber and oil.
  • In India, nearly 45% of crop loss is due to weeds.
  • Around 80% of plant protection chemicals used in India are insecticides.
  • Community Development Programme in India started in 1952.
  • Seed certification in India is voluntary.
  • Seed labeling in India is compulsory.
  • The Seeds Act came into effect in India in 1969.
  • Pusa Sanyog is a cucumber variety.
  • In lowland rice, fertilizer is applied in the reduced zone only.
  • In LSD, rows, columns, and treatments are equal to replications.
  • Bacteria and actinomycetes thrive better in soils with intermediate & higher pH values.
  • The most critical irrigation stage in paddy is panicle initiation.
  • In pesticide formulations, 'AF' stands for aqua flowable.
  • In insects undergoing complete metamorphosis, the stage between larva and adult is called pupa/chrysalis.
  • Control operations for Lepidopteran pests should target the larval stage.
  • In diffusion, particles move from higher to lower concentration regions.
  • Drip irrigation saves 50-70% of water.
  • Evapotranspiration involves water loss from soil and plant surfaces.
  • Grasshoppers have 18 spiracles.
  • Fertile males in honeybee colonies are called drones.
  • Humus has a C
  • ratio of 10:1.
  • Imperial Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) was started at Pusa in Bihar in 1903.
  • Around 20% of crop loss in India is caused by diseases.
  •   Around 30% of crop loss in India is caused by insects.
  • In the rag doll method of testing seed germination, flannel cloths used are sized 35cm × 27.5cm.
  • In RBD, the number of blocks is equal to the number of replications (b = r).
  • Bacterial leaf blight in rice is caused by Xanthomonas spp (bacteria).
  • Dapog seedlings in rice are ready for transplanting at 11-14 DAS.
  • India ranks 2nd in rice production.
  • Chandrasankara is the hybrid variety of coconut recommended for root wilt affected areas.
  • In seed technology, ‘PBR’ stands for Plant Breeders Rights.
  • In seed technology, ‘PLS’ means Pure Live Seed.
  • In seed technology, ‘TLS’ refers to Truthfully Labelled Seeds.
  • Soil sampling collects soil up to a depth of 9 inches from the surface.
  • In soil science, ‘WHC’ means Water Holding Capacity.
  • Polythene sheets used in soil solarization are of 100-150 gauge thickness.
  • In pesticidal formulations, ‘DP’ means Dustable Powder.
  • In pesticidal formulations, ‘EC’ stands for Emulsifiable Concentrate.
  • In pesticidal formulations, ‘G’ means Granule.
  • In pesticidal formulations, ‘SL’ means Soluble Liquid.
  • In pesticidal formulations, ‘SP’ refers to Soluble Powder.
  • In pesticidal formulations, ‘WP’ means Wettable Powder.
  • In pesticidal formulations, ‘WSC’ stands for Water Soluble Concentrate.
  • In plant pathology, ‘MLO’ means Mycoplasma Like Organism.
  • In plant protection, ‘Bt’ refers to Bacillus thuringiensis.
  • In plant protection, ‘GV’ stands for Granulosis Virus.
  • In plant tissue culture, ‘HEPA’ means High Efficiency Particulate Air.
  • In the Northern Hemisphere, Stevenson’s screen door opens towards the North.
  • In the Northern Hemisphere, wind moves around anticyclones in a clockwise direction.
  • In the Northern Hemisphere, wind moves around cyclones in an anticlockwise direction.
  • Rice plant leaves are arranged in an alternate manner.
  • In the Southern Hemisphere, wind moves around anticyclones in an anticlockwise direction.
  • In the Southern Hemisphere, wind moves around cyclones in a clockwise direction.
  • In the term ‘LC 50’, LC stands for Lethal Concentration.
  • In the term ‘LD 50’, LD stands for Lethal Dose.
  • In waterlogged rice fields, atmospheric nitrogen can be fixed to the soil by BGA.
  • Mitosis occurs in somatic cells.
  • Meiosis occurs in reproductive cells.
  • Producers are of large size in grassland ecosystems.
  • The IW/CPE ratio of rice is 1.2 (highest).
  • In soil testing laboratories, the flame photometric method estimates potassium.
  • In soil testing laboratories, the Brays method is used for estimating phosphorus.
  • Gypsum requirements in soil testing are found using Schoonorvar’s method.
  • Organic carbon in soil testing is estimated using the calometric method.
  • Soil nitrogen content is calculated from organic carbon.
  • CO2 content is generally higher during summer and lower during winter in soil.
  • Particle density of mineral soil is expressed in gram/cc.
  • In strip plot design, the interaction is tested with higher precision.
  • The most critical irrigation stage for sugarcane is formative.
  • Nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide account for about 99% of the atmosphere.
  • Increasing industrialization is causing much danger to man’s life by polluting the environment.
  • India has an arable land of 168 million hectares.
  • India has the largest area in the world under pulse crops.
  •  Japonica rice is grown in Japan.
  • Jasmine is a climber type plant.
  • Javanica rice is grown in Indonesia.
  • John F. Kennedy is a variety of rose.
  • Isoclines are curves connecting the least cost combinations of inputs for all output.
  • Jumping legs are found in grasshoppers.
  • Jute crop is planted in February-March.
  • Jwalamukhi and Jwalasakhi are varieties of chilli.
  • K-2 is a variety of mulberry.
  • Zanzibar is the island of clove.
  • "Isle of Wight" disease is caused by Acarapis.
  • Isobar are imaginary lines connecting points of equal atmospheric pressure.
  • The isolation distance for certified maize seed is 200 m.
  • The isolation distance for certified pigeon pea is 50 m.
  • The isolation distance for certified sunflower seed is 500 m.
  • The isolation distance for self-pollinated crops (like rice and wheat) is 3 m.
  • Isostere are lines connecting points of constant moisture contents.
  • Isoquant is used in the F-F relationship.
  • Chroma is the relative purity or strength of the spectral color.
  • The IT Plan for Agriculture Sector (AGRISNET) was submitted to the Ministry of Agriculture in 1997 to establish "Indian Agriculture online," revised in 2000.
  • Itai-Itai disease is due to cadmium (Cd) toxicity.
  • Keraganga is a hybrid between WCT and Malayan yellow Dwarf.
  • Kerala accounts for 90% of production and 85% of area under cultivation of natural rubber in the country.
  • Kerala Agricultural University was established on February 27, 1971.
  • Kerosene emulsion is useful against sucking insects.
  • Kew, Amrutha, and Mauritius are varieties of pineapple.
  • Khaira disease is due to zinc deficiency in paddy.
  • Khaira disease of rice is controlled by spraying zinc sulphate (5 kg) + lime (2.5 kg/ha) in the 10 days nursery.
  • A minimum thermometer consists of a glass tube with alcohol in the bulb.
  • Kharif crops require shorter day lengths.
  • Khuskhus oil is extracted from the roots of vetiver.
  • Killer diseases of rice are Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB) and Tungro virus.
  • Ber is known as the king of arid and semi-arid fruits.
  • Kacholam is propagated through rhizomes.
  • Kamini is a variety of China Aster.
  • Kanaka, Dhara, and Anakkayam are varieties of cashew nut.
  • Kaolinite, Halloysite, and Dickite are 1:1 type silicate clay minerals.
  • Kari soils of Kerala are otherwise known as peat soils.
  • Karimunda and Balankotta are varieties of pepper.
  • Katte disease of cardamom is transmitted by banana aphid.
  • KATTE is a virus disease affecting cardamom.
  • Kaumudi, Baby, and Manusree are varieties of snake gourd.
  • KCC toll-free number is 18001801551.
  • Keeping the field and bunds free of weeds and grasses is an effective control measure against ricebug.
  • Keikis are propagating plantlets of sympodial orchids.
  • Kelthane is the trade name of Dicofol.
  • ·Kjeldahl method is used to determine total nitrogen in soil.
  • Kohir Safed (Guava) is a cross between Kohir and Allahabad Safeda.
  • Kokkan disease is generally found in bananas.
  • Koppen and Thornthwaite classified climate based on annual rainfall and annual evaporation.
  • Koppen classified climates into five types.
  • Kottanadan is a variety of pepper.
  • Krebs cycle and ETC (Electron Transport Chain) occur in mitochondria.
  • Krishak Bharti Cooperative is known as Kribhco.
  • Krishi Pandit Award is given by ICAR (Indian Council of Agricultural Research).
  • Krishi Vigyan Kendras are sponsored by ICAR.
  • Krishnasree and Renusree are varieties of amaranth.
  • Kufri Jyothi and Kufri Muthu are varieties of potato.
  • Kurstaki is a biopesticide.
  • Kuthiravally and Kalluvally are varieties of pepper.
  • Wheat is known as the king of cereals.
  • Rose is known as the king of flower crops.
  • Berseem is known as the king of fodder crops.
  • Mango is known as the king of fruits.
  • Walnut is known as the king of nut crops.
  • Groundnut is known as the king of oilseeds.
  • Chickpea is known as the king of pulses.
  • Black pepper is known as the king of spices.
  • Apple is known as the king of temperate fruits.
  • Potato is known as the king of vegetables.
  • Kinnow is a cross between King and Willow leaf.
  • Kisan Call Centre (KCC) started on June 22, 2004.
  • Kisan Credit Card Scheme (KCC) was introduced in August 1998.
  • Kissan Day is observed on December 23rd.
  • Late maturing pigeon pea is Cajanus cajan bicolor.
  • Late planting of chickpea is done to protect seedlings from wilt disease.
  • Latest botanical name of mung is Phaseolus aureus.
  • Latest botanical name of urd is Phaseolus mungo.
  • Okra is known as the queen of vegetables.
  • LDB stands for Land Development Bank.
  • Netherlands is the leading cut flower exporter in the world.
  • Uttar Pradesh is the leading mango-producing state with the maximum area under mango cultivation.
  • Indonesia is the leading producer of coconut in the world, followed by the Philippines and India.
  • Uttar Pradesh is the leading state in sugarcane production (45% of total production).
  • Bihar is the leading state for rabi maize.
  • Leaf curl and mosaic of papaya is caused by a virus.