•  The state having maximum groundnut production is Gujarat.
  • The state having minimum literacy is Bihar.
  • In groundnut, bitterness of the kernel is due to Aflatoxin.
  • Earthing-up is done in the groundnut crop at 35-45 DAS.
  • The state where the maximum number of people live below the poverty line is Uttar Pradesh.
  • The state where the minimum number of people live below the poverty line is Punjab.
  • The technique of reducing the size of replication over a number of blocks at the cost of losing some information on the same effect is called Confounding Design.
  • The temperature at which the highest percentage of seed germination occurs in a short period of time is referred to as Optimum temperature.
  • The term “Extension education” was first used by Cambridge University, England (1873).
  • The term “Extension education” originated from England (1866).
  • The term “Green Revolution” was first used in 1968 by former USAID director William Gaud.
  • The term ‘Agriculture’ was derived from two Latin words: Ager and Cultura.
  • The term ‘Biotechnology’ was coined by Karl Ereky (1919).
  • The term ‘Endoplasmic reticulum’ was coined by Porter (1948).
  • The term ‘Enzyme’ was given by W. Kuhne (1867).
  • The term ‘Extension’ has originated from Latin roots.
  • The term ‘Extension’ originated in UK (1966).
  • The study of the association or degree and deviation between two or more variables is called Correlation.
  • The critical stage for irrigation in rapeseed and mustard is at the Rosette stage and Siliqua formation stage.
  • The lint index is defined as Lint index = Weight of 100 cotton seed / 100 x Ginning%.
  • Ginning percentage is calculated as Ginning percentage = Weight of lint / Weight of seed cotton x 100.
  • The surface tension of water at 25°C is 72.7 dyne/cm².
  • The sweetest maize species is Zea mays saccharata (Sweet corn).
  • The systems with lower pressure at the center are known as a Cyclone.
  • The flower color of bottle gourd is White.
  • The flower color of okra is Yellow.
  • The flower color of pumpkin is Yellow.
  • The inflorescence of sugarcane is called Arrow.
  • The tax levied on goods or services produced or purchased is known as an Indirect tax.
  • The crop most suitable for alkaline and waterlogged soil is Sunhemp.
  • The test that has self-purification capacity of a water body is the BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) test.
  • The tillage that aims to reduce tillage to the minimum necessary for ensuring a good seedbed, rapid germination, satisfactory stands, and favorable growing conditions is called Minimum tillage.
  • The tillage implement used to break subsoil is the Chisel plough.
  • The tillage implement most suitable for rice cultivation is the Power tiller.
  • The tillage operation mainly aims to break, open, and turn the soil is called Primary tillage.
  • The tillage operation done to create a good seedbed for proper seeding/planting is known as Secondary tillage.
  • The tillage referred to as no-tillage, in which the crop is planted in unprepared soil, is called Zero tillage.
  • The tobacco solution stock prepared with 500 gm tobacco, 120 g soap, and 4.5 l water is diluted 6-7 times for spraying.
  • The total cost of production, which includes all cost items, actual as well as imputed, is referred to as Cost C.
  • The term ‘Horticulture’ is derived from a Latin word.
  • The term ‘Kurtosis’ was introduced by Karl Pearson (1906).
  • The term ‘Monsoon’ was derived from the Arabic word MAUSAM, meaning season.
  • The term ‘Pomology’ is derived from a Latin word.
  • The term ‘Protein’ was coined by Moulder (1840).
  • The term “Genomics” was coined by Thomas Roderick (1986).
  • The term “primary centres of origin” was proposed by Vavilov.
  • The term ecology was introduced by Hackel.
  • The term Extension Education was first used in 1873.
  • The term Lysosome was first used by Dave (1955).
  • The term monsoon was derived from the Arabic word “Mausam,” meaning Season.
  • The term used to denote the chance of happening or not happening of an event is Probability.
  • The term used to refer to the weight of all the organisms at a tropical level is called Biomass.
  • The type of root system in chickpea is a Tap root system.
  • The type of seed germination in pigeon pea is Hypogeal.
  • The types of stomata mostly present on the lower surface of leaves are Potato type.
  • The ultimate irrigation potential of India is 113.5 million ha.
  • The ginning percentage of American cotton is 18-20%.
  • The uniformly accepted ways of acting about some social aspects of life are known as Custom.
  • The unit for measuring the rate of solar radiation is Langley.
  • The unit in which mutation occurs is called a Muton.
  • The unit of energy is the Joule.
  • The clouds responsible for rain are Nimbostratus.
  • Water with a Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) value of >10 is harmful to crops.
  • Canker nodules are mostly found in Red Soil.
  • The total depth of water (cm) required by a crop during its duration in the field is called Delta.
  • The total root parasitic weed of Tobacco is Orobanche spp..
  • The Total Soluble Salts (TSS) of soil are estimated using a Standard Conductivity Meter.
  • The total stem parasitic weed of Lucerne is Cuscuta spp..
  • The trade name of the pesticide ‘zolone’ is Phosalone.
  • The transformation required when data do not follow normal distribution is Data transformation.
  • The ginning percentage in desi cotton is 36-42%.
  • The transport of bees from one place to another for foraging purposes is known as Migration.
  • The tuber-borne disease of potato is Black scurf (Rhizoctonia solani).
  • The type of credit required for paddy cultivation is a Short Term Loan.
  • Endosulfan is a chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide widely used in agriculture.
  • Aldicarb (Temik) and Carbaryl are classified as carbamates and their thio salts, used for pest control.
  • Ceresan and Aretan are types of organomercurial fungicides used to protect seeds from fungal infections.
  • The title Father of Extension is attributed to Leagnes for his contributions to agricultural extension services.
  • The concept of model villages was introduced by Deniel Hamilton in 1903 to promote rural development.
  • The Rural Reconstruction Institute was established at Shanti Niketan in 1921 to address rural issues.
  • The Marathandan project was initiated by Spencer Hatch in 1921 to improve agricultural practices.
  • The Gurgaon experiment was conducted by F.L. Brayne in 1921 to study rural development strategies.
  • The Sevagram project was started by Mahatma Gandhi in 1929 as a model for rural self-sufficiency.
  • The Indian Village Service was established by A.T. Moscher and B.N. Gupta to enhance rural livelihoods.
  • The Firka Development Scheme was initiated by T. Prakashan in 1946 to promote integrated rural development.
  • Mazdoor Manzil, established by S.K. Dey in 1947, aimed to improve the conditions of laborers.
  • The Grow More Food Campaign was launched in 1948 to increase food production in India.
  • The Etawah pilot project, initiated by Albert Mayer in 1948, focused on rural development through community participation.
  • The Grow More Food Campaign Enquiry Committee was formed in 1952 to assess the campaign's impact.
  • The Community Development Project (CDP) was started in 1952 to promote self-reliance in rural areas.
  • The National Extension Service (NES) was launched in 1953 to enhance agricultural extension activities.
  • The Panchayati Raj system was initiated in 1957-58 to decentralize governance in rural areas.
  • Rajasthan was the first state to adopt the Panchayati Raj system in India.
  • The Intensive Agricultural District Programme (IADP) was launched in 1960 to boost agricultural productivity.
  • The Intensive Agricultural Area Programme (IAAP) was started in 1964 to focus on high-potential agricultural regions.
  • The Intensive Cattle Development Project (ICDP) was initiated in 1964 to improve cattle productivity and health.
  • The High Yielding Varieties Programme was launched in 1966 to promote the use of high-yielding crop varieties in agriculture.
  • The Multiple Cropping Programme (MCP) was launched in 1966 to promote increased cropping intensity.
  • The Minikit Programme for Rice (MKP) was initiated in 1971 to enhance rice production through the distribution of quality seeds.
  • The Small Farmer’s Development Agency (SFDA) was established in 1970 to support the development of small farmers.
  • The Marginal Farmers and Agricultural Laborers Programme (MFAL) was started in 1970 to assist marginal farmers and agricultural laborers.
  • The Drought Prone Area Programme (DPAP) was initiated in 1970 to address the issues of drought-affected areas.
  • The Minimum Needs Programme (MNP) was launched in 1972 to improve basic services and infrastructure in rural areas.
  • The Training and Visit Programme (T & V) was initiated by Daniel Borner in 1974 to enhance agricultural extension services.
  • Rajasthan was the first state in India to adopt the Training and Visit (T & V) system.
  • The Kisan Vikas Kendra (K.V.K.) was recommended by the Mohan Singh Mehta Committee in 1974 to promote agricultural extension.
  • The first K.V.K. was established by TNAU at Pondicherry in 1974 to support farmer training.
  • The Command Area Development Programme (CAD) was initiated in 1974 to improve irrigation efficiency and agricultural productivity.
  • The Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) was started in 1979 to promote self-reliance among rural poor.
  • The Training Rural Youth for Self Employment (TRYSEM) scheme was implemented in 1976 to empower rural youth.
  • The National Rural Employment Programme (NREP) was launched in 1980 to provide employment in rural areas.
  • The National Agricultural Research Project (NARP) was started in 1980 to enhance agricultural research and development.
  • The National Agricultural Extension Project (NAEP) was initiated in 1983 to improve agricultural extension services.
  • The Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEP) was launched in 1983 to provide guaranteed employment to the landless.
  • The Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY) was launched on 28th April 1989 to provide wage employment in rural areas.
  • The Institute Village Linkage Programme (IVLP) was initiated in 1994 to strengthen the linkages between research and rural development.
  • The Mahila Samrudhi Yojana (MSY) was launched in 1993 to promote women's empowerment through self-help groups.
  • The Prime Minister Rozgar Yojana (PMRY) was initiated in 1994 to provide self-employment opportunities for youth.
  • The National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP) was launched in 1999 to promote sustainable agricultural technology.
  • The Jawahar Gram Samrudhi Yojana (JGSY) was launched in 1999 to enhance the livelihood of rural households.
  • The Swaran Jayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY) was initiated in 1999 to promote self-employment among rural poor.
  • The IRDP, TRYSEM, DWCRA, and SITRA were merged into the SGSY programme.
  • The Lab to Land Programme started on 1st June 1979 to facilitate the application of research in agriculture.
  • The integration of all programmes in K.V.K. was planned from 1st April 1992 to enhance effectiveness.
  • The first Agriculture University was established in 1960 in Uttarakhand (GB Pant University).
  • MANAGE (National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management) was established in 1986 in Hyderabad.
  • The Royal Commission on Agriculture was established in 1928 to assess agricultural practices in India.
  • The Fiscal Commission was constituted in 1949 to review financial relations between the Union and State governments.
  • The Land Care Programme was launched in 1990 in Australia to promote sustainable land management.
  • The National Service Scheme (N.S.S.) was initiated in 1969 to promote social service among students.
  • The first rural youth programme of India, Sri Niketan, was launched in 1920 to empower rural youth.
  • The Indira Mahila Yojana was started in 1995 to support women's self-help groups in rural areas.
  • The National Extension Service (NES) was established in 1953 to enhance agricultural extension activities.
  • The Pilot Project for Tribal Development (PPTD) was initiated in 1972-73 to support tribal communities.
  • The Antyodaya Yojana was started on 2nd October 1977 to improve the living standards of the poorest of the poor.
  • The National Seed Corporation (NSC) was founded in 1963 in Delhi to ensure the availability of quality seeds.
  • The Drought Prone Area Programme (DPAP) was initiated in 1970-71 in Pant Nagar to address drought conditions.
  • The Indian Society of Agronomy was established in 1955 to promote agronomy research and education.
  • The Indian Society of Soil Science was founded in 1934 to advance soil science research in India.
  • The first Department of Agriculture was established in 1881 to oversee agricultural practices and policies.
  • The first Irrigation Commission was appointed in 1901 to address irrigation issues in India.