•  Soil color is determined by the Munsell Color Chart.
  • Soil crusting reduces infiltration.
  • The maximum permissible limits of biuret in urea is 1.5%.
  • Soil moisture content is determined by a tensiometer (at 0.85 bar).
  • The fruit of mustard is known as siliqua.
  • Soil separates having a size of less than 0.002 mm is referred to as clay.
  • Soil separates having a size range of 0.002 mm to 0.05 mm is referred to as silt.
  • Soil separates having a size range of 0.05 mm to 2 mm is referred to as sand.
  • The single seed descent method is a method of self-pollination.
  • Single stranded DNA is known as bacteriophage.
  • Single super phosphate contains 18% phosphorus.
  • The steps of extension education include situation, objectives, teaching, evaluation, and reconsideration.
  • Six-rowed barley is referred to as Hardium vulgare.
  • The size of silt particles is 0.002-0.05 mm.
  • Skeletonizing the leaves of brinjal is a symptom caused by Henosepilachna (Epilachna beetle).
  • Boron is harmful to plants when the concentration is more than 3 ppm.
  • Slowly released nitrogen fertilizers include sulphur-coated urea, neem-coated urea, and urea super granule.
  • Stress hardening in plants can be achieved by ABA (abscisic acid).
  • Small, unsegmented, soil-inhabiting, plant-parasitic worms are commonly referred to as nematodes.
  • Small cylindrical cases hanging on leaves are a symptom of rice case worm attack.
  • Sooty or charcoal-like powdery mass usually appearing on floral organs, particularly the ovary, is called smut.
  • Sorghum crop is also referred to as the camel crop.
  • Sour sop is known scientifically as Annona muricata.
  • The source of breeder seed is nucleus seed.
  • The South-West monsoon contributes approximately 75% of the total annual rainfall in India.
  • Soviet Chinchilla and New Zealand White are breeds of rabbit.
  • The sowing depth of dwarf wheat directly depends upon the length of the coleoptile.
  • Sowing of berseem crop is done by broadcasting.
  • Sowing of paddy in April-May and harvesting in August-September is called Aus/Autumn/Pre-kharif paddy.
  • Sowing of paddy in January-February and harvesting in April-May is called Boro/Summer/Spring.
  • Sowing of paddy in June-July and harvesting in October is called Aman/Kharif/Aghani.
  • Soybean contains 35-40% protein.
  • Soil structure and soil texture are two important properties of soil, categorized as physical properties.
  • Soil structure that provides less porosity in soil is platy.
  • Soil water is known as blue water.
  • Soils contain equal proportions of sand, silt, and clay.
  • Soils dominated by sand separates are known as light soil.
  • Soils most retentive of moisture and prone to cracking in the dry season are black soil.
  • Soils that are loose and porous will have low bulk density.
  • Solar heat treatment is used to control loose smut of wheat.
  • Kaolin is a reflecting type of antitranspirant.
  • A solution of fertilizer specially applied at the initial growth of plants in pulses and vegetable crops is called a starter solution.
  • Some female insects reproduce young ones directly, a process known as vivipary.
  • Soniya 17 and Emma White are famous varieties of orchids.
  • The Spices Board Headquarters is located in Cochin.
  • Spindle bug is a major pest of arecanut.
  • Spindle formation takes place during metaphase I.
  • Spindle leaf turns brown and breaks off in coconut due to bud rot.
  • Spindle-shaped leaf spots with a grey center and brown margin are symptoms of rice blast.
  • Ammonium polyphosphate contains 15% nitrogen and 62% P2O5.
  • Splice grafting, saddle grafting, and whip & tongue grafting are practiced in apple and pear.
  • Splice and tongue are methods of approach grafting.
  • Spodoptera mauritia pupates in an earthen chamber in soil.
  • Spongy tissue is a problem associated with mango.
  • Spongy tissue is caused by convection heats.
  • The spread of bacterial blight in rice occurs through wind, irrigation, and rainwater.
  • The spread of sheath blight disease in rice is through irrigation water.
  • Soybean is designated as “boneless meat.”
  • Soybean is popularly known as the wonder crop.
  • Soybean protein is known as glycinin.
  • Spacing for the Nendran variety of banana is 2m x 2m.
  • Spacing maintained between hedge row intercropping in alley cropping is 4-8 meters.
  • The spadix dries up and the inflorescence gets crinkled in coconut palm due to infestation by Pseudococcus (mealy bug).
  • The communication model "Speaker, Speech, Audience" was proposed by Aristotle.
  • Special size (superior grade) tubers of potato should have an 8 cm diameter.
  • Cereals are deficient in the amino acid lysine.
  • Spencer Hatch is associated with the Marthandam project.
  • Sphagnum moss is used as a growing medium in the nursery.
  • The sphere of water occupies 70% of the globe and is referred to as the hydrosphere.
  • The spice crop containing the highest percentage of fat is nutmeg.
  • Stale seed bed technique of weed control is a cultural method.
  • The standard pit size for vermicomposting is 2.5m × 1m × 0.3m.
  • 'Star of India' is a variety of French Marigold.
  • The star weeder is used for weeding in dry lands and groundnut fields.
  • Karnataka is the state famous for sericulture.
  • Farmers' Day in Kerala is celebrated on Chingam 1.
  • Madhya Pradesh has the highest forest area in India.
  • Wheat varieties contain the genes Rht 1 and Rht 2.
  • Stem bleeding in coconut is caused by the fungus Thielaviopsis paradoxa.
  • The stem parasitic weed of lucerne is Cuscuta reflexa (Doddar).
  • Sterility mosaic and wilt-resistant varieties of pigeonpea include Amar, Narendra Arhar 1, and Azad.
  • Chloro-fluorocarbon is a major component of greenhouse gases.
  • Shear is a garden tool used for pruning and topiary.
  • Secateur is a garden tool used for pruning in rose.
  • Agar is a gelling agent in culture medium.
  • Suvarna is a genetically modified (GM) variety of rice.
  • Krishnamony, Pusa Do Fasli, and Pusa Phalguni are grain-type varieties of cowpea.
  • Glyricidia, subabul, and cassia are green leaf manure crops.
  • Sunn hemp, daincha, wild indigo, and indigo are green manure crops.
  • Method demonstration, field trips, workshops, and group discussions are group contact methods of extension.
  • Lawsonia, phyllanthus, and thuja are hedge plants.
  • Leghaemoglobin is a hemoprotein found in the root nodules of leguminous plants.
  • Cirrus, cirro-stratus, and cirro-cumulus are high clouds.
  • Rag doll method and paper method are methods of testing seed germination.
  • Micronutrients include iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron, and molybdenum.
  • Alto-stratus and alto-cumulus are middle clouds.
  • Ragi, varaku, maize, and bajra are types of millet.
  • Snail is a mollusc species causing widespread damage to many crops.
  • The leaf area index was given by Watson in 1947.
  • Monopodial orchids include Vanda, Arachnis, Vanilla, and Renanthera.
  • KM-1 and PKM-1 are varieties of moringa.
  • Mycoherbicides include Devine, Collego, and ABG-5003.
  • Indian hemp and opium are narcotic crops.
  • D D mixture, EDB, Vapam, and Nemagon are nematicides.
  • Organophosphorous compounds and carbamates are nerve poisons.
  • Imidacloprid (Confidor) is a nicotinoid insecticide.
  • Red rot is a major disease of sugarcane.
  • Coconut eriophyid mite is a major non-insect pest of coconut nowadays.
  • Pseudostem weevil is a major pest of banana.
  • Sweet potato weevil is a major pest of sweet potato.
  • Newspapers, television, radio, magazines, and bulletins are mass contact methods of extension.
  • A mature ovule containing an embryo is called a seed.
  • Medicinal crops include asparagus, sida, neela, and amari.
  • Neela amari (Nili) is a medicinal plant that promotes hair growth.
  • Leghorn, Minorca, Ancona, Spanish, and Andalusian are Mediterranean class poultry.
  • Marble is a metamorphic rock formed from limestone.
  • Slate is a type of metamorphic rock.
  • Soil solarization is a method of hydrothermal disinfection of soil.
  • Banana rhizome weevil is a pest of banana that attacks its rhizome.
  • Rice Gandhi bug is a pest of rice that can cause severe damage in the milky stage by making grains chaffy.
  • Rice weevil, khapra beetle, red flour beetle, and lesser grain borer are pests of stored products.
  • Pesticide adjuvants include wetter, spreader, and sticker.
  • Phanerogamic parasites include Loranthus, Cuscuta, Striga, and Orobanche.
  • Ferroloure is a pheromone trap used against red palm weevil.
  • I.R.8 and Jaya are photo-insensitive rice varieties.
  • A watershed is a physical hydrological unit in which water from all over the area flows to a common drainage channel or outlet.
  • The “A” value concept was given by Dean and Fried.
  • Ethylene is a plant hormone in gaseous form.
  • Plantation crops include tea, coffee, rubber, and cocoa.
  • Marigold is a popular annual flowering plant.
  • Rhizobium is a nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
  • Azotobacter and blue-green algae are non-symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
  • M-4 is a non-branching variety of tapioca.
  • Nematodes, snails, and rats are non-insect pests.
  • Glyphosate and paraquat are non-selective herbicides.
  • Ketosis is a nutritional deficiency disease in cattle.
  • Carbaryl, carbofuran, and aldicarb are organo-carbamate insecticides.
  • Goniozus nephantidis, Elasmus nephantidis, and Bracon brevicornis are parasites of leaf-eating caterpillars of coconut.
  • A parasitoid is a parasite that kills its host.
  • Beauveria bassiana is a parasite with broad-spectrum activity.
  • Cocinnia (Koval) is a perennial cucurbit.
  • Cyperus is a perennial weed plant.
  • 2,4-D, Dalapon, and Butachlor are selective herbicides.
  • Uzi-fly is a serious pest of silkworm.
  • Colocasia is a shade-tolerant vegetable.
  • Aruna, Asha, Arathi, and Remya are sheath rot-resistant varieties of rice.
  • Rice, soyabean, tobacco, and maize are short day plants.
  • Rock phosphate is not suitable for alkaline soil.
  • Rodenticides are used to kill rats.
  • Rodents belong to the phylum Chordata and class Mammalia.
  • Rogor is the trade name of dimethoate.
  • Rohini is a short-duration variety of paddy.
  • Root and collar rot of sunflower is caused by Sclerotium rolfsii.
  • Rice inflorescence is called a panicle.
  • The book "Nature and Properties of Soil" is written by N.C. Brady.
  • Rice prefers nitrogen uptake in ammonical form (NH₄).
  • Rice protein is known as oryzein.
  • Rice varieties suitable for saline-alkaline soil include CSR-10, CSR-13, and CSR-27.
  • Rice, wheat, buckwheat, and oat are self-pollinated crops.
  • The richest source of iron is karonda.
  • The richest source of protein is beans.
  • The richest source of vitamin B2 is bael.
  • The ridge and furrow method is mostly used in South India.
  • Ridge gourd is classified as a minor vegetable.
  • Ridge plough is used for earthing-up and forming ridges and furrows.
  • Rinderpest disease in cattle is caused by a virus.
  • The ring basin method is suitable for fruit trees.
  • Rotary plough is used to cut and pulverize light soil.
  • Rotenone is a potent insecticide prepared from Derris and Lonchocarpus.
  • Rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is associated with ribosomes.
  • Round revolution is related to potato production.
  • A round table discussion is called a panel.
  • Roundup is the trade name of glyphosate.
  • Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) are known as small man’s banks.
  • RRBs were set up under the recommendation of the Narasimham Committee.
  • RRII 105 and PB 260 are clones of natural rubber.
  • Rubber plants are propagated by a method of budding known as forked budding.
  • The Rubber Research Institute of India is located in Kottayam, Kerala.
  • Runner shoots are used for propagation in pepper.
  • The rural development program started in 1935.
  • Root galls in vegetable crops are formed due to infestation by Meloidogyne spp. (root knot nematode).
  • Root knot disease of tobacco is effectively controlled by carbofuran.
  • Wind speed is measured by an anemometer.
  • Root pruning is a part of bonsai cultivation.
  • The rootstock of mandarin orange is rangpur lime.
  • Roses can be cultivated for up to 5 years.
  • Roses are commercially propagated by T-budding and hardwood stem cuttings.
  • Water use efficiency refers to the yield of a marketable crop produced per unit of water used in evapotranspiration.
  • Evapotranspiration constitutes nearly 99% of total water uptake.
  • Floribunda roses have large flowers in clusters.
  • Floribunda roses are used as hedges.
  • Rosetting of flowers and double seed formation in cotton are symptoms of pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella).
  • Growing different crops in the same land is called crop rotation.
  • Sand content of coastal alluvium is greater than 80%, and clay content is less than 15%.
  • Sandy soil usually has a low level of bulk density.
  • Sandy soils contain at least 70% of sand separates.
  • Santallus parallelus, the grubs and adults, feed on the eggs and larvae of Oryctes pests.
  • Sapna is a variety of gladiolus.
  • Sapota is grown in a tropical climate.
  • Saras is a popular variety of pumpkin.
  • Sarika, Malika, and Vaijayanthi are varieties of cowpea.
  • Sasthamkotta incident in 1960 was due to the presence of parathion in sugar supplied to the public.
  • Scab disease in apple is caused by Venturia inaequalis.
  • Scales and mealy bugs belong to the order Hemiptera.
  • Rust of groundnut is caused by Puccinia arachidis.
  • Only 1% of water is used in actual metabolic processes.
  • SA-1 is a variety of red gram.