Choose the incorrect statement
A) Using replicated data from a trial conducted at one location, the phenotypic, genotypic, and environmental variance can be estimated
B) Ranking of varieties does not change over the environments (only based on differential response of genotypes) denotes quantitative or non-crossover GxE interaction
C) Ranking of genotypes changes with the environment denotes qualitative or crossover GxE interaction
D) In 1911, Mather discovered the phenomenon of linkage
Choose the correct statement
A) When a gene influences the expression of more than one character, it is called pleiotropy
B) Over-dominance and pleiotropy are the chief causes of heterozygotes for sickle cell anemia being more resistant to malaria than the two homozygotes
C) The F₁ and subsequent generations obtained through continued selfing of a hybrid are known as segregating generations
D) All of these
Choose the correct statement
A) Independent assortment of genes is based on the random assortment of non-homologous chromosomes
B) In case of incomplete dominance, the genotype is readily known from the phenotype
C) A single gene with variable expressivity may produce a number of phenotypes as if more than one gene were involved in the control of the trait
D) All of these
Choose the incorrect statement
A) In case of most of the quantitative characters, the contribution of the environment varies from 10 to 50 percent
B) Incomplete penetrance is the result of environmental effects
C) Incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity are consequences of the effects of environmental factors on the expression of concerned genes
D) Linkage between two dominant genes is called the repulsion phase
Environmental variance (Ve) can be estimated as
A) (VP₁ + VP₂ + VP₃)/3
B) (VP₁ + VP₂)/2
C) (VP₁ + VP₂ - VP₃)/3
D) None of these
Variance in F₂ (V*F₂) can be calculated as
A) Vₑ + Vₑ
B) Vₐ - Vₐ
C) (Vₓ + Vᵥ)/2
D) None of these
Choose the incorrect statement
A) A gene causing partial chlorophyll deficiency in cotyledonary leaves of lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus) at the seedling stage shows incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity
B) Wheat leaf rust resistance gene Lr34 shows resistance to yellow rust, stem rust, powdery mildew, and determines leaf tip necrosis, which deals with pleiotropy
C) Independent assortment deals with the segregation of one pair of alleles being independent of that of another pair of alleles, resulting in a 9:3:3:1 ratio in F₂ and a 1:1:1:1 ratio in test crosses
D) Law of segregation deals with the alleles governing a trait separating and passing into different gametes during gamete formation in the F₁ hybrids, resulting in a 1:1 ratio in F₂ and a 3:1 ratio in test crosses

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