Alluvial soils are found in Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Jharkhand. These soils support crops like wheat, rice, sugarcane, cotton, and jute.

Black soils dominate regions like Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu. Common crops include cotton, sugarcane, jowar, tobacco, wheat, and rice.

Red soils are prevalent in the eastern and southern Deccan plateau, Odisha, and parts of the Ganga plain. Suitable for wheat, rice, pulses, and sugarcane.

Laterite soils occur in Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Assam, and hill regions of Madhya Pradesh and Odisha. Ideal for crops like cashew, tea, coffee, and rubber.

Arid and desert soils are typical in western Rajasthan, northern Gujarat, and southern Punjab. Crops include drought-tolerant varieties like barley, millets, cotton, and pulses.

Saline and alkaline soils are found in parts of Gujarat, the eastern coastal deltas, Sundarbans (West Bengal), Punjab, and Haryana. These soils require reclamation for productive use.